Infections In Schools Research Articles

Control of Infections in Schools

School staff members, public health officials, and parents often look to pediatricians to provide recommendations for dealing with exposure in school to a variety of infectious diseases (Table 1). It is extremely important to provide accurate, consistent, and sufficient information to allow parents to make individual decisions regarding their children without unnecessary fear. Schools should take appropriate precautions to assure that students are not put at unnecessary risk of serious infection, but they also have a responsibility to protect the privacy of any children whose infection poses little or no risk to their classmates. In considering appropriate recommendations for exposures to specific infections in schools, it is important to review the available information about the mechanism(s) by which the infection is spread from person to person as well as the likelihood of spread. It also is important to recognize the extent to which contacts would be expected to be immune, either by virtue of previous infection or through immunization. The availability of methods for prevention of infection in susceptible contacts (passive or active immunization, antimicrobial therapy) should be reviewed, and recommendations for implementation made based on the risk of infection and the severity of the disease. Varicella Exposure Varicella generally is a mild illness of childhood; 90% of cases occur in children 14 years of age or younger, and most cases in the United States occur in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years (Table 2).

Supports for children with HIV infection in school.

Journal of School HealthVolume 64, Issue 1 p. 37-38 Supports for Children with HIV Infection in School First published: January 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1994.tb01282.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume64, Issue1January 1994Pages 37-38 RelatedInformation

Supports for children with HIV infection in school: Best practices guidelines.

Supports for children with HIV infection in school: Best practices guidelines.

Supports for Children with HIV Infection in School: Project Overview

Supports for Children with HIV Infection in School: Project Overview

Supports for Children with HIV Infection in School: BEST PRACTICES GUIDELINES

Supports for Children with HIV Infection in School: BEST PRACTICES GUIDELINES

Infection control in North American dental schools

A questionnaire concerning infection control issues was sent to all North American dental schools in 1987. The results were compared with a similar survey conducted by the same authors in 1982. The purposes of the survey were to identify changes that have occurred in dental school infection control policies in the past six to seven years, and to study strengths and weaknesses of current policies. The results of the survey indicate a much greater emphasis on instrument sterilization and the use of barriers during dental treatment than in 1982. Compliance with the policy is not always satisfactory, however. It also shows some inconsistency and confusion in areas dealing with hepatitis B and HIV carrier patients and dental school personnel. Several respondents included written infection control protocols with the questionnaire. Information gained from the survey and the enclosures were used to develop guidelines to help schools improve and update their infection control policies.

Infection in Schools

Infection in Schools

Infection in Schools

Infection in Schools

Infection in School

Infection in School

STUDIES ON SCHOOL INFECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS

With the matter for the real condition of hospitalized tuberculous children in Gunma Prefecture in March, 1958, investigations were made whether there is the infectious effect upon their classmates while in attendance at sehool.1. Ninety four per cent, of hospitalized tuberculous children in Gunma Prefecture were admitted to the prefectural sanatorium “Tomo Ryoyojo” to which a special class is attached. The sanatorium school is doing made its efficient use in full.2. About 60% of the hospitalized tuberculous children had tuberculous patients in their home, and many were suspected to have been infected throuh household exposure.3. About a half of the hospitalized tuberculous children were infectious cases, and more than half of the infectious cases had cavities, The ratio of the patients discovered by mas examination to those discovered by subjective symptoms was about 6 : 4; the fact makes known that the proportion of the latter is large for the group periodically examined every year. It is therefore got conscious of the necessity to increase the frequency of mass examination and to make it closer as well.4. Infectious effect upon classmates was investigated, by consulting the records of tuberculin test, and by investigating the state of development of their tuberculosis, but no particular effect could have been confirmed. Many causes can be considered in this regard, but one of the most important things may be advancement in the school tuberculosis control, for example, the extended performance of B. C. G. inoculation.To summarize, it is considered that as a source of tuberculosis infection in school, tuberculous children might be less important than tuberculous teachers. On the other hand, however, it is estimated that some number of open tuberculous children may still be left unnoticed for a period. In view of this, we should not be perfectly content with the tuberculosis control in status quo, but we should always aim at the more perfection.

The Control of Infection in Schools

The Control of Infection in Schools

Some Factors Influencing the Spread of Scarlet Fever in an Institution

INthe admirable pioneer studies of Griffith and his colleagues on the epidemiology of streptococcal infections in schools, “no systematic attempt was made to discover the distribution of streptococci amongst the healthy residents. And the observations on carriers were in general confined to those who were suspected to have some catarrhal infection of the upper air passages” (Griffith, 1938). In this paper we report the results of weekly swabbings of the throats of all children in a single dormitory or ward of an orphanage with 350 inmates, during an outbreak of scarlet fever due toStreptococcus pyogenes, serologically type 2 (Griffith). All haemolytic streptococci were typed by the slide agglutination technique, so that fluctuations in the distribution of the epidemic and non-epidemic strains could be followed.

The Serological Classification ofStreptococcus pyogenes

The haemolytic streptococci associated with scarlet fever, tonsillitis, septic conditions, etc., belong to one group or species designatedStreptococcus pyogenes.Cultural and serological aids to the identification ofStr. pyogenesare described.The epidemiologically significant types ofStr. pyogenesappear to be about 20 in number, though probably more than thirty type sera will be necessary for the complete analysis of the group. So far twenty-seven individual serological types have been defined.The irregularities which have been observed in the agglutination reactions of streptococcal cultures are ascribed chiefly to variations in type-specificity.Different colonies may give “type-specific” or “group” agglutination, and these distinctions are revealed macroscopically in the case of certain types by growth on homologous agglutinating serum agar.Some examples are given of observations on the epidemiology of streptococcal infections in schools and other institutions.The principles involved in the serological classification of a bacterial group are discussed.

ETIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN THE CITY AND COUNTRY SCHOOL OF NEW YORK CITY

A recent report outlined the health program at the City and Country School and showed the importance of the respiratory diseases as a cause of absence. The following study was undertaken to analyze the factors that might conceivably influence the frequency of respiratory infections in schools. During the school year 1923-1924, the school had an enrolment of 132 children, aged from 3 to 12 years. Every child was examined by the school physician, and an analysis was made of the stool and urine. In many cases roentgenograms of the chest were made. The mother of each child handed in a diet list for forty-eight hours, which was checked and discussed at the time of the examination. Information about health habits was obtained at this time from the medical and physical histories compiled by the registrar, who also filled out a special questionnaire regarding conditions in the home. A great deal

VIENNA

<h3>The Danger of Tuberculous Infection in Schools</h3> An interesting problem was presented by Dr. Peyser recently at a meeting of the Society for Pediatrics; he called attention to the possibilities for transmission of tuberculosis offered by the present method of teaching in public schools. It happens frequently, especially among the poorer classes, that a child showing manifest symptoms of active disease (cough, anemia, slight temperature, night sweats) is not kept at home, and thus may disseminate disease among the children in his classroom. Dr. Peyser made investigations in a school in Vienna from the third form of which two children with manifest pulmonary affection had been brought to his dispensary. He first of all obtained permission from the parents to make a tuberculosis test on the pupils by using Moro's ointment three times within a week and then injecting 1 mg. of tuberculin. By these means, patients that are unusually