Infection In Wuhan Research Articles

Protection of 318 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients from the Outbreak and Rapid Spread of COVID-19 Infection in Wuhan, China

Background: An outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19 was derived from Wuhan, China where over half of the confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported Protection

Novel coronavirus pneumonia-related liver injury: etiological analysis and treatment strategy

The outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan has become a public health emergency of international concern. However, some patients are accompanied by varying degrees of liver injury in addition to respiratory symptoms. This paper analyzes the clinical characteristics, susceptible population, related factors and treatment strategies to provide a reference for clinical decision making in novel coronavirus pneumonia-related liver injury.

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Favipiravir (Avigan) for the Treatment of Novel COVID-19 Infections

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the spread has caused COVID19 disease in over 8.1 million people and more than 439 thousand deaths across the globe as on 16th June 2020. Absence of any particular cure or vaccine lead the health care system to treat the patients with the existing potential antiviral drugs. Recently, Favipiravir, a potential RdRp inhibitor of SARS-COV-2 sheds the ray of hope for treating COVID-19 patients efficiently.

Impaired T Cell Functions Along with Elevated Activated Tregs at the Early Stage of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Background: Limited data are available on the T cell responses for the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection case. Methods: The first imported SARS-CoV-2 infection case in Wuhan was admitted in hospital for quarantine and observation. The T cell responses were followed up by flow cytometry analysis of the peripheral blood nonnuclear cells (PBMCs) at days 7, 13, 22, and 28 after admission. Findings: We found the first imported SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan is an asymptomatic case. His T cell differentiation, proliferation and activation matched the classical kinetics of T cell responses induced by viral infection, but the activation maintained at a relatively low level. Function analysis indicated frequencies of IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were notably lower than that of the healthy controls (HC) at day 7, and then rebound gradually. But IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells were detained at a significant lower level even at day 28, when the SARS-CoV-2 virus had already become undetectable for 3 weeks. Moreover, percentage of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells was also detained constantly at a much lower level compared to HC. At day 7, although percentage of Tregs was in normal range, the frequency of activated Treg (aTreg) was remarkably as high as 4·4-fold of that in HC. Interpretation: The T cell activation in the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced a significant suppression and presented impairment of Th1/Th17 and CD8+ T cell functions. Early elevation of the aTregs might play role in the activation and function of T cells in the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Wuhan Jinyintan hospital (approval number KY-2020-47·01). Written informed consent was obtained from the patient and the healthy controls.

Age and gender distribution of Hepatitis C virus prevalence and genotypes of individuals of physical examination in WuHan, Central China.

Approximately 170 million people in the world are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are no published population based studies about the prevalence of HCV genotypes and the associations of genotype and Infection frequency with gender and age in WuHan. We aimed to investigate the distribution of HCV prevalence and genotypes among different gender and age patients with chronic HCV infection in WuHan from 2011 to 2015. A total of 2685 anti-HCV positive serum samples from individuals of physical examinationwere recruited from the Renmin Hospital of WuHan University, Hubei Province in China from January 2011 to December 2015. From these 2685 anti-HCV positive serum samples, 496 samples were with a positive PCR for HCV RNA. The number of HCV infection showed an increase with year, but the annual infection rate has remained similar (χ2 = 2.94, P = 0.568). 2685 cases were infected with HCV from 2011 to 2015 in WuHan city of China. Blood transfusion (18.14 %) was the main routs of transmission, followed by Surgery (8.94 %). The highest prevalence of HCV infection was at the age group 50–59 (25.85 % of 2685) and the lowest prevalence was 0–9 (0.93 % of 2685). HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (73.39 %), followed by genotypes 2 (17.14 %), 3 (5.25 %) and 6 (3.22 %). Genotype 4 and 5 was not detected in these patients. The most prevalent subtype was subtype 1b (71.98 %), followed by genotypes 2a (17.14 %). Five patients had mixed infection across the HCV subtypes. Among all genotypes, genotype 1 was highest in both male (73.27 %) and female (73.47 %) patients, followed by genotype 2. Genotype 1 (male: 29.84 % of 496, vs female: 43.55 % of 496, χ2 = 20.07, P < 0.0001), genotype 2 (male: 6.25 % of 496, vs female: 10.89 % of 496, χ2 = 6.81, P = 0.009), and 6 (male: 1.41 % of 496, vs female: 1.81 % of 496, χ2 = 0.626, P = 0.401) were more common in female patients than males, while no significant gender differences were observed for genotype 6. Among age group 50–59 years Genotype 1 was most common in male patients (29.05 % of 148) followed in 20–29 years (23.65 % of 148), genotype 2 in the age group 60–69 (12 cases of 31) and genotype 3 in the age group 50–59 (4 cases of 13) and genotype 6 was most frequent in the age group 30–39 (4 cases of 7). The frequency of HCV prevalence was significantly higher in female patients compared to males before ages 60, while the opposite result was observed after 60 years. The most common HCV genotype in WuHan was subtype 1b followed by 2a and more common among women than males patients. Further studies are needed to collect a large number of samples to estimate the different epidemiology of the HCV genotypes, because the sample size of non-genotype 1b and 2a is not large enough and other factors like disease history/monthly income/etc. are not included in our study.

CD4+ T cell count, HIV-1 viral loads and demographic variables of newly identified patients with HIV infection in Wuhan, China

In China, the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is increasing among men who have sex with men. The purpose of the present study was to describe HIV-related biomarkers and selected demographic variables of persons with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS, among men who have sex with men in particular, in Wuhan China. Demographic indicators, and CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 viral load were collected from individuals newly identified as HIV-1 antibody positive during 2011. Of 176 enrolled patients, 132 (75.0%) were men who have sex with men. This group was significantly younger and had higher CD4+ T cell counts than patients who were likely infected through heterosexual contact. Most men who have sex with men (56.6%) were discovered by initiative investigation. Among heterosexual patients CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 viral load were significantly correlated; among the group of men who have sex with men, no such association was found.

Genetic characterization of Human astrovirus infection in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, 2007–2008

Human astrovirus (HAstV) was an important cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants in Wuhan city based on our previous study. The aim of the study was to investigate the nature of HAstV infection in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, especially in adults. Stool specimens were collected from 361 children and 301 adults with diarrhea from July 2007 to June 2008 and were tested for HAstV RNA by RT-PCR. The 348-bp PCR product of positive samples was further sequenced and analyzed for multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree. HAstV RNA was detected in 2.33% (7/301) adults, which was significantly lower than that in children (13.57%, 49/361). HAstV-positive patients were either older than 50 years of age or younger than 3. Genetic analysis showed that the HAstV strain in adults was the same as that in children in 2007-2008. Contrarily, HAstV strains prevalent in 2007-2008 showed genetic characteristics different from those in 2004-2005 and belonged to two new groups of HAstV-1b. Thus, our data characterized HAstV infection in Wuhan 2007-2008, suggesting that HAstV infection also played an important role in adults in Wuhan, especial in patients of >50 years, and should be included for routine diagnosis in the population with diarrheal illness.

Study on quinolone-resistance mechanism and the REP-PCR fingerprinting in Salmonella Typhimurium

目的 检测鼠伤寒沙门菌(STM)对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性及耐药机制分析.方法 收集2004年7月1日至10月31日武汉地区4所医院门诊腹泻患者的可疑稀便分离培养出STM 33株;琼脂稀释法测其对喹诺酮类药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);抽提细菌基因组DNA,聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测喹诺酮类抗菌药物作用于STM的靶位点;REP-PCR对33株STM进行基因分型.结果 33株STM中有24株对环丙沙星产生较高耐药性(MIC 4～16μg/ml),24株耐药株中gyrA位点全都发生突变点,且双重突变占92%,parC位点发生突变率为91.6%;5株STM耐药株(MIC≥8μg/ml)parE和gyrB位点发现有碱基插入;基因分型达9种.结论 武汉地区社区内STM对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性严重,其主要机制是喹诺酮类耐药决定区(QRDR)的基因突变,特别是多个位点同时突变导致高水平耐药;提示有社区流行趋势。