Inert Body Research Articles

Hidden orbital inert foreign body: A tale of two cases

Most of the inorganic foreign bodies are inert and are not removed as they do not elicit an inflammation. However, migration of foreign body and constant rubbing of it against structures in the vicinity sometimes can result in complications like abscess, granuloma, chronic draining sinus, and orbital cellulitis. We report here two unique cases of hidden orbital inert bodies, in which the foreign body led to delayed complications after remaining dormant for many years. This case report illustrates that potential devastating effects can occur even with inert foreign bodies. Hence, patients harboring inert bodies should be advised frequent follow-up to detect adverse events at the earliest.

A novelty in local electrochemical analysis with a pressing sensor cell (a review)

Local electrochemical analysis (LEA) with a pressure cell-sensor (CSC) is based on electrodecrystallization of the material studied (metal, alloy, powder composition, semiconductor structures, etc.) in an area limited by the size of the hole in the graphite CSC filled with the appropriate electrolyte, and recording the dissolution current strength. The selected surface of the analyzed material or product is the working electrode, and the graphite body of the cell or a special electrode inserted into the inert body of the cell is the counter electrode. Choice of the electrolyte and dissolution mode determines the possibility of using LEA with CSC for studying thickness of the layer, surface composition or the distribution of the composition over the thickness of the material layer in the controlled area, with a diameter of 1–2 mm. Design of the CSC and methods of its application were developed in the 60s of the last century by a team of authors from Kuibyshev Polytechnical Institute (now SamSTU) for coulometric control of monolayer metal coatings on watch cases, which resulted in the corresponding requirements to the size of the cell body and its contact hole. Subsequent studies showed possibility of using LEA with CSC for controlling thickness of multilayer metal coatings with individual metals on various products, composition of binary alloy coatings by selective dissolution of their components in a potentiodynamic mode, as well as powders and powder compositions pressed into a pellet electrode, control of the distribution profile of the alloying impurity in silicon epitaxial structures, thickness of oxide films, phase composition of metal alloy samples and a number of other application parameters. The present work provides an overview of advances in the development of theory, methodology, tools and practical applications of local electrochemical analysis over the last decade.

Textiles in the Funerary chaîne opératoire. Perspectives from Meroitic and Postmeroitic Sudan and Nubia (c.350 BCE–550 CE)

Abstract This paper exploits the rich but little-studied corpus of archaeological textiles found in modern Sudan and Nubia and dated to the Meroitic and Postmeroitic periods (c.350 BCE–550 CE). It allies current approaches developed in the field of mortuary archaeology with an in-depth analysis of textile artefacts discovered in situ in the graves of the ancient Sudanese people. Going beyond the simple description of textile items and their potential place in the tomb, the concept of funerary chaîne opératoire is used to trace and interpret textile gestures around the deceased. Through many examples and the detailed case study of an ‘archer’ grave from Gebel Adda (Lower Nubia), this article aims at demonstrating the active and important role of textiles in the transformation of the dead, from an inert body to a revered ancestor.

Mercury in Ten Storm-Petrel Populations from the Antarctic to the Subtropics

The oceans become increasingly contaminated as a result of global industrial production and consumer behaviour, and this affects wildlife in areas far removed from sources of pollution. Migratory seabirds such as storm-petrels may forage in areas with different contaminant levels throughout the annual cycle and may show a carry-over of mercury from the winter quarters to the breeding sites. In this study, we compared mercury levels among seven species of storm-petrels breeding on the Antarctic South Shetlands and subantarctic Kerguelen Islands, in temperate waters of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, and in temperate waters of the Pacific off Mexico. We tested for differences in the level of contamination associated with breeding and inter-breeding distribution and trophic position. We collected inert body feathers and metabolically active blood samples in ten colonies, reflecting long-term (feathers) and short-term (blood) exposures during different periods ranging from early non-breeding (moult) to late breeding. Feathers represent mercury accumulated over the annual cycle between two successive moults. Mercury concentrations in feathers ranged over more than an order of magnitude among species, being lowest in subantarctic Grey-backed Storm-petrels (0.5 μg g−1 dw) and highest in subtropical Leach’s Storm-petrels (7.6 μg g−1 dw, i.e. posing a moderate toxicological risk). Among Antarctic Storm-petrels, Black-bellied Storm-petrels had threefold higher values than Wilson’s Storm-petrels, and in both species, birds from the South Shetlands (Antarctica) had threefold higher values than birds from Kerguelen (subantarctic Indian Ocean). Blood represents mercury taken up over several weeks, and showed similar trends, being lowest in Grey-backed Storm-petrels from Kerguelen (0.5 μg g−1 dw) and highest in Leach’s Storm-petrels (3.6 μg g−1 dw). Among Antarctic storm-petrels, species differences in the blood samples were similar to those in feathers, but site differences were less consistent. Over the breeding season, mercury decreased in blood samples of Antarctic Wilson’s Storm-petrels, but did not change in Wilson’s Storm-petrels from Kerguelen or in Antarctic Black-bellied Storm-petrels. In summary, we found that mercury concentrations in storm-petrels varied due to the distribution of species and differences in prey choice. Depending on prey choices, Antarctic storm-petrels can have similar mercury concentrations as temperate species. The lowest contamination was observed in subantarctic species and populations. The study shows how seabirds, which accumulate dietary pollutants in their tissues in the breeding and non-breeding seasons, can be used to survey marine pollution. Storm-petrels with their wide distributions and relatively low trophic levels may be especially useful, but more detailed knowledge on their prey choice and distributions is needed.

Подводный старт суперкавитирующего ударника из лабораторной баллистической установки

This paper considers the investigation of the high-speed motion of specifically-shaped inert bodies (projectiles) in water. The main purpose is to determine the peculiar properties of underwater launching of supercavitating projectiles out of the bore of a test ballistic setup. Preliminary calculations of the inner ballistic parameters of a shot are per-formed for the given launcher and then compared with the corresponding experimental data. Examples of experimentally fired underwater shots are presented. The high-speed high-energy processes associated with the projectile released out of the bore and entering water are described. It is shown that during the underwater launching, the complex gas-dynamic conditions of multi-phase processes following the projectile release out of the bore can significantly affect the trajectory of its further motion in water. Using the experi-mental and calculation methods with the classical loading scheme and an acceleration bore 0.5 mm long or less under given conditions, it has been determined that the pressure at the accelerator exit increases stepwise and can significantly change the flow conditions of the projectile at the start and its further trajectory. Taking into consideration the revealed peculiarities of underwater shots and a set of technical specifications and mass-size parameters, a perspective launching ballistic setup has been designed and used to estimate the motion range of the released supercavitating projectile.

Doing Bodies in YouTube Videos about Contested Illnesses

This article is based on an online ethnographic study of Dutch women who use YouTube as a medium to document their contested illness experiences. During 13 months of observations between 2017 and 2019, we followed a sample of 16 YouTubers, and conducted an in-depth analysis of 30 YouTube videos and of 7 interviews. By adopting a ‘praxiographic’ approach to social media, and by utilising insights from phenomenological theory, this study teases out how bodies are ‘done’ in (the making of) these YouTube videos. We describe three types of bodies: (1) inert bodies, (2) experienced bodies, and (3) authentic bodies. Ultimately, this study shows how vlogging about contested illness is a practice in which bodies are continually (re)configured, and through which the ‘invisibility’ of a sufferer’s condition can obtain social visibility.

What happens to thought in a cyborg body? On Brain ships, embodiment and posthuman gest

ABSTRACT This article uses some of the complexities occasioned by the beings Anne McCaffrey envisioned as ‘shell people’ – cyborgs whose inert bodies are encased in titanium shells while the spaceships that surround them become bodies proper – in order to address some key theoretical issues with the relationship between Thought, embodiment and plasticity. It borrows from Catherine Malabou’s work on neuronal plasticity and cerebrality, as well as Deleuze and Guattari’s critical engagement with the brain and their de-hierarchicalised and decentred vision of body–brain/brain–body relations from Cinema 2 and What is Philosophy? It brings these discourses into closer contact with machinic ‘assemblages’ in both Deleuze and Guattari’s sense, and one rather closer to posthuman interpretations of the term. It aims to rethink the ‘gest’ of such assemblages to consider the (oft excluded or repressed) place of the body in these kinds of becomings. It attempts to answer, ‘what happens to thought in a cyborg body?’ while at the same time considering how that thought is materially given greater complexity by the assemblage that constitutes it as something other than a molar unity.

Diet and rate of decomposition of the corpse in a human surrogate.

The decomposition of an inert body seems to depend on the physiological, biological and physical characteristics of the corpse. The effect of these, especially of extra-biological mechanisms, on the rate of decomposition of the corpse does not seem to be sufficiently explored. The present work proposes to examine the influence of the type of feeding on the rate of cadaver decomposition in a human surrogate. It is based on a sample of four corpses of juvenile male pigs of the species Sus scrofa domesticus, three of which are experimental and one is a control aged 12weeks and having a mass between 19 and 24kg. The three experimental pigs were fed an energetic, construction and functional diet respectively. The control was fed a general diet. These different carcasses are exposed to the open air on four similar sites. The experiment is repeated twice, according to the protocol that guided the initial experiment conducted on comparable sites (eight cadavers, six experimental and two control). The measurement of the pigs' diet was done through a questionnaire. The mass of the decomposing carcass was explored by a specific tool, in this case, the weighing device. The results show that the rate of decomposition of the cadaver of pigs fed a general diet is higher than that of the cadavers of their counterparts fed construction, functional or energy diets. The type of diet would therefore influence the rate of decomposition of the cadaver of a human surrogate.

Artist Portfolio: Posters About Policing

Artist Portfolio: Posters About Policing

On the ambiguity of mechanical power

Introduction. Mechanical vibrations are widespread in the production processes. The drives of machines and mechanisms are mainly electromechanical, so mechanical reactive power is transformed into electrical reactive power of the network, impairing the quality of electricity. This explains the significance of considering the mechanical reactive power, and, as a consequence, the urgency of the presented study. The research objective is to detail the types of mechanical power under harmonic vibrations.Materials and Methods. The literature on the issues of dynamics, kinematics, vibrations, transformation of motion in oscillatory systems, etc., has been studied. Theoretical, mainly mathematical methods of research are used.Results. The powers developed under elastic deformations, forced harmonic vibrations of an inert body, and vibrations associated with gravitational influence, as well as reactive, active, full powers in the complex formulation, and mechanical powers in the vector representation are mathematically interpreted.Discussion and Conclusions. Under the mechanical harmonic vibrations, along with the sign-positive thermal power, sign-variable reactive powers develop, characterizing the reversibility of kinetic and potential energies. The total mechanical power satisfies the Pythagorean formula. The concept of mechanical reactive, active, and total powers generalizes the corresponding concepts of power from electrical engineering, and thus manifesting electromechanical dualism.

The Place of the Dead in the Mediterranean. A Sicilian Experience

Death during the journey to Europe is both a spectre hanging over border crossers and a concrete reality. It is also a very present issue within the society that finds itself forced to deal with these inert bodies. Drawing on a field study has been conducted since January 2018, we focus here on how the bodies found at sea and taken to the port of Catania (Sicily) are managed, exploring both their itinerary and how a small group of people from the city has become involved in a project to give them a name and a biography.

РЕАКТАНСЫ И САССЕПТАНСЫ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The classical solution to the problems associated with calculating the velocities and reactions of elements of complex mechanical systems under harmonic force consists in the compilation and integration of systems of differential equations and is rather cumbersome and time-consuming. In most cases, a steady state is of major interest. The purpose of this study is to develop essentially compact methods for calculating systems under steady-state conditions. The problem is solved by the methods which are typically used to calculate electrical circuits. Representation of harmonic quantities as rotating vectors in a complex plane and the operations with their complex amplitudes can greatly facilitate the calculation of arbitrarily complex mechanical systems under harmonic effects in the steady state. In the proposed method, a key role is played by mechanical reactance, resistance, and impedance for the parallel connection of consumers of mechanical power, as well as susceptance, conductance, and admittance for the serial one. At force resonance, the total reactance of the mechanical system is zero. This means that the system does not exhibit reactive resistance to the external harmonic force. At velocity resonance, the total susceptibility of the mechanical system is zero. This means that the system has infinitely high resistance to the external harmonic force. As a result, the stock of the source of harmonic force is stationary, although the inert body and the elastic element oscillate.

СИМВОЛИЧЕСКОЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ ВЫНУЖДЕННЫХ КОЛЕБАНИЙ РАЗВЕТВЛЕННЫХ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

A calculation of dynamics of a mechanical system with n degrees of freedom, including inert bodies and elastic and damping elements, involves the derivation and integration of a system of n second-order differential equations, which are reduced to a differential equation of 2n order. An increase in the degree of freedom of the mechanical system by one increases the order of the resulting differential equation by two. The solution of higher-order differential equations is rather cumbersome and time-consuming. Integration of equations is proposed to be replaced with rather simpler algebraic methods. A number of relevant theorems that relate both active and reactive parameters of mechanical systems in the series and parallel connection of mechanical power consumers are proved. Using parallel-series and series-parallel connections as an example, the calculation methods for branched mechanical systems with any number of degrees of freedom, based on the use of symbolic or complex representation of forced harmonic oscillations, are shown. The phase relationships determining loading conditions and a possibility of its artificial change are considered. The vector diagrams of the amplitudes of forces, velocities and their components in a complex plane at a zero time instant are presented, which give a complete and clear idea of the relationship between these quantities.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ МУЛЬТИИНЕРТНОГО КОЛЕБАТЕЛЬНОГО МЕХАНИЗМА

It is noted that the free harmonic vibrations of a classical pendulum are due to the mutual conversion of the kinetic energy of the load intothe potential energy of the spring. Oscillators with a different nature of energy exchange have been developed, for example, by converting the kinetic energy of a load into the energy of a magnetic field of a solenoid or the energy of an electric field of a capacitor. All these oscillatory systems and the like were a prerequisite for the creation of a biinert oscillator,in which the acceleration of one load occurs due to the braking of another, i. e. only kinetic energies are exchanged. The aim of the work is mathematical modeling of a multi-inert oscillatory mechanism. The main research methods in the framework of this work are methods of mathematical modeling and analysis. The methods used make it possible to obtain a reliable description of the studied objects. Inthe proposed multi-inert oscillator, inert bodies of mass m each carry out harmonic oscillations due to the mutual exchange of kinetic energy. The potential energy of the springs is not requiredfor this. Body vibrationsare free. A feature of a multi-inert oscillator is that the frequency of itsfree oscillations is not fixed and is determined mainly by the initial conditions. This feature can be very useful for technical applications, for example, for self-neutralization of mechanical reactive (inertial) power. n-gon, formed by inert bodies, carries out complex motion – orbital rotation around the center of coordinates and spin rotation around its axis passing through the center of the n-gon. Moreover, each load performs linear harmonic oscillations along its guide. With the arrangement of the guiding weights not in the form of a star, but in parallel to each other, the angles between the corresponding cranks must be 360/n degrees.

O corpo desaparecido

Neste artigo, analiso como, em Ricardo Piglia (1941-2017), a escrita se coloca diante do fluxo vital. Para tanto, investigo de que modo, em seus escritos, a batalha pelo sentido termina por encontrar, na matéria em movimento, um obstáculo praticamente incontornável. Em minha reflexão, parto do corpo inerte como algo que convida a ficção a funcionar. A partir dessa ideia, sugiro que a busca do sentido atravessa a reflexão de Piglia, tanto na ficção quanto na crítica, e muito especialmente em sua relação com o gênero policial. A questão do sentido se adensa a partir da impossibilidade de narrar a experiência, tema benjaminiano que Piglia abraça com força. No final de meu percurso, interrogo uma substituição de palavras que descobri recentemente ao folhear os datiloscritos anotados por Piglia, que são parte de sua coleção pessoal, hoje guardada na biblioteca Firestone, em Princeton. Como sentido e verdade se relacionam? E como a narrativa oferece um espaço para que tal relação se desenrole plenamente? Essas são algumas das questões abordadas aqui, tendo a obra de Piglia simultaneamente como inspiração e objeto de análise.

Anti-Resonance — Velocity Resonance

The task of the study is to establish the nature of mechanical resonance, namely, it is a resonance of forces or speeds. Two definitions are introduced. Definition 1. Resonance of forces is a resonance arising at a frequency ω = (k/m)0,5 in a mechanical system including an inert body and an elastic element, at which the reactive forces developed by them are maximal and opposite. Definition 2. The velocity resonance is a resonance arising at a frequency ω = (k/m)0,5 in a mechanical system, including an inert body and an elastic element, at which the speeds developed by them are maximum and opposite. The equation of forced mechanical oscillations corresponds to a parallel connection scheme, in which the inert body and changes in the dimensions of the elastic element and damper have a uniform speed, and their reactive forces are added. The sum of the reactive forces of the consumers of mechanical power is equal to the force developed by the source of mechanical power, which, like a voltage source in electrical engineering, can be called a source of power. Theorem 1 holds. If the condition ω = (k/m)0,5 is satisfied in a mechanical system consisting of parallel-connected inert bodies, an elastic element and a damper, a resonance of forces occurs. The inert body, the elastic element and the damper can be connected not only in parallel but also in series. With a series connection, a single force is applied to the elements of the system, and the velocities of the inert body and the changes in the dimensions of the elastic element and damper are added. The sum of the speeds of consumers of mechanical power is equal to the speed developed by the source of mechanical power, which, like a current source in electrical engineering, can be called a source of speed. Theorem 2 is valid. Under the condition ω = (k/m)0,5 in a mechanical system consisting of a series-connected inert body, an elastic element and a damper, a velocity resonance occurs. The mechanical resonance described in the courses of theoretical mechanics is the resonance of forces. It corresponds to a parallel connection of an inert body, an elastic element and a damper. When these elements are connected in series, a velocity resonance occurs.

MODELING OF THE PRIVILEGED REFERENCE SYSTEMS

It is shown that for uniform and rectilinear motion of two, three or several free inert bodies in one-dimensional or three-dimensional space, arbitrary inertial frames of reference, including those associated with each of the moving inert bodies, are not substantially equivalent in the part of the total kinetic energy. In this case, none of these frames of reference is not unique or distinguished. If it is necessary to select a unique or selected inertial reference frame, one can start from the condition of a minimum of the total kinetic energy of the moving inert bodies in this system. In this case, a unique or distinguished inertial reference system is a relict reference frame connected with the center of masses of the moving inert bodies and with the epicenter of their initial hypothetical interaction. Relict systems of reference are calculated. The bodies do not necessarily interact with them in the first place. The use of relict reference systems allows you to maintain a balance between kinetic energy and the work done. The number of inert bodies in calculating the relict frame of reference can be arbitrarily large.

Reference Systems in the Navigation of Moving Objects

It is shown that with uniform and rectilinear motion of two, three or several free inert bodies in one-dimensional or three-dimensional space, arbitrary inertial reference systems, including those associated with each of the moving inert bodies, are not substantially equivalent in part of the total kinetic energy. In the particular case, if two free inert bodies with masses m 1 and m 2 move relative to each other with a constant velocity v, then in the inertial reference system associated with the first body, the total kinetic energy of the bodies is equal to E 112 . In the inertial reference frame associated with the second body, the total kinetic energy of the bodies is equal to E 212 . In an arbitrary (third) inertial reference frame, the first inert body moves at a speed v 1 , the second at a speed v 2 . In the third reference system, the total kinetic energy is E 312 . In terms of kinetic energy, all three inertial reference systems are not substantially equivalent. At the same time, none of these reference systems is unique or distinguished. If it is necessary to choose a unique or dedicated inertial reference system, one can proceed from the condition of the minimum of the total kinetic energy of moving inert bodies in this system. At the same time, a unique or distinguished inertial reference system is a relic reference system associated with the center of mass of moving inert bodies and with the epicenter of their initial hypothetical interaction. Relic reference systems are calculated. Inert bodies do not necessarily interact with them initially. The use of relic reference systems allows you to maintain a balance between kinetic energy and the work performed. The number of inert bodies in the calculation of the relic reference system can be arbitrarily large. If the theory of the Big Bang is true, then the world relic inertial reference system is connected with its epicenter, which is the center of mass of the universe.

Growth of K2Cо(SO4)2 · 6H2O Crystals Using Low-Frequency Axial Vibration Control Technique

K2Co(SO4)2 · 6H2O crystals have been grown by lowering temperature with the formation of controlled mass transfer by means of low-frequency harmonic oscillations of a chemically inert body immersed in a solution, i.e., by a technique of low-frequency axial vibration control technique. It is shown that application of this technique allows one to increase the volume growth rate by a factor of ~2 and improve the structural quality of crystals, i.e., to decrease the dislocation density on different faces by a factor of 10–100. An analysis of the transmission spectra in the range of 200–400 nm showed that the grown crystals are more transparent (by 26%) than the crystals grown in the absence of vibrations.

Gazing Still

Abstract This article examines the function of the static body, both with and without speech, in the plays of Samuel Beckett. Zooming in on bodily stasis in Beckett allows us to see how he develops a corporeal discourse of inertness that goes beyond words to establish and formalize what words cannot say. The article probes into the complications of defining life in a static silent body. Gaze and affect work in a politically charged network to create resistant traces of life in inert bodies in Catastrophe and Rough for Theatre II while speech in all its kinetic prowess fails to animate them in Happy Days and Play.