Inequality In Distribution Research Articles

The Impact of Poverty and Human Development Index on Inequality of Income Distribution of Regency/City in North Sumatra

This research aims to analyze the impact of poverty and the Human Development Index (HDI) on inequality of income distribution of regency/city in North Sumatra province. This research is quantitative descriptive. The research was conducted in 33 regencies/cities in North Sumatra province. The type of data used is secondary data. Data is accessed online on the website of Central Statistical Agency (BPS) for North Sumatra Province. The data used includes poverty rate data, HDI and Gini Ratio. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that poverty had a positive and significant impact on inequality of income distribution of regency/city in North Sumatra province. HDI also has a positive and significant impact on inequality of income distribution of regency/city in North Sumatra province. The results of the simultaneous test conclude that poverty and HDI simultaneously have a significant impact on inequality of income distribution of regency/city in North Sumatra province. This research implicates on preparation of poverty alleviation programs and equal of income distribution of regency/city in North Sumatra province.
 

Quantifying inequities in COVID-19 vaccine distribution over time by social vulnerability, race and ethnicity, and location: A population-level analysis in St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri.

Equity in vaccination coverage is a cornerstone for a successful public health response to COVID-19. To deepen understanding of the extent to which vaccination coverage compares with initial strategies for equitable vaccination, we explore primary vaccine series and booster rollout over time and by race/ethnicity, social vulnerability, and geography. We analyzed data from the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services on all COVID-19 vaccinations administered across 7 counties in the St. Louis region and 4 counties in the Kansas City region. We compared rates of receiving the primary COVID-19 vaccine series and boosters relative to time, race/ethnicity, zip-code-level Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), vaccine location type, and COVID-19 disease burden. We adapted a well-established tool for measuring inequity-the Lorenz curve-to quantify inequities in COVID-19 vaccination relative to these key metrics. Between 15 December 2020 and 15 February 2022, 1,763,036 individuals completed the primary series and 872,324 received a booster. During early phases of the primary series rollout, Black and Hispanic individuals from high SVI zip codes were vaccinated at less than half the rate of White individuals from low SVI zip codes, but rates increased over time until they were higher than rates in White individuals after June 2021; Asian individuals maintained high levels of vaccination throughout. Increasing vaccination rates in Black and Hispanic communities corresponded with periods when more vaccinations were offered at small community-based sites such as pharmacies rather than larger health systems and mass vaccination sites. Using Lorenz curves, zip codes in the quartile with the lowest rates of primary series completion accounted for 19.3%, 18.1%, 10.8%, and 8.8% of vaccinations while representing 25% of the total population, cases, deaths, or population-level SVI, respectively. When tracking Gini coefficients, these disparities were greatest earlier during rollout, but improvements were slow and modest and vaccine disparities remained across all metrics even after 1 year. Patterns of disparities for boosters were similar but often of much greater magnitude during rollout in fall 2021. Study limitations include inherent limitations in the vaccine registry dataset such as missing and misclassified race/ethnicity and zip code variables and potential changes in zip code population sizes since census enumeration. Inequities in the initial COVID-19 vaccination and booster rollout in 2 large US metropolitan areas were apparent across racial/ethnic communities, across levels of social vulnerability, over time, and across types of vaccination administration sites. Disparities in receipt of the primary vaccine series attenuated over time during a period in which sites of vaccination administration diversified, but were recapitulated during booster rollout. These findings highlight how public health strategies from the outset must directly target these deeply embedded structural and systemic determinants of disparities and track equity metrics over time to avoid perpetuating inequities in healthcare access.

Coordinately assisted distillation of quantum coherence in multipartite system

We investigate the issue of assisted coherence distillation in the asymptotic limit, by coordinately performing the identical local operations on the auxiliary systems of each copy. When we further restrict the coordinate operations to projective measurements, the distillation process branches into many sub-processes. Finally, a computable measure of the assisted distillable coherence is derived as the maximal average coherence of the residual states with the maximization taken over all the projective measurements on the auxiliary. The measure can be conveniently used to evaluate the assisted distillable coherence in experiments, especially suitable for the case that the system and its auxiliary are in mixed states. By using the measure, we for the first time study the assisted coherence distillation in multipartite systems. Monogamy-like inequalities are derived to constrain the distribution of the assisted distillable coherence in the subsystems. Taking a three-qubit system for example, we experimentally prepare two types of tripartite correlated states, i.e., the W-type and GHZ-type states in a linear optical setup, and experimentally test the assisted distillable coherence. Theoretical and experimental results agree well to verify the distribution inequalities given by us. Three measures of multipartite quantum correlation are also considered. The close relationship between the assisted coherence distillation and the multipartite correlation is revealed.

Evaluating geographic and social inequity of urban parks in Shanghai through mobile phone-derived human activities

The equity of urban park access has received great attention from studies on public service provision. However, individuals’ growing demands for recreational activities have brought diversity and complexity to park usages, drawing doubts on traditional measurements of park accessibility. To fill the gap, this study explores park equity issues with a dataset containing 12.03 million mobile phone users who accessed one of the 332 parks in Shanghai. We measured community-level park accessibility with two traditional place-based indicators – park area proportion and Gaussian-based 2SFCA accessibility, and three innovative activity-based indicators – park activity frequency, park activity trip length, and park activity duration. We then explored the geographic and social inequity by calculating Gini index and conducting correlation analysis. The results show that place-based and activity-based indicators presented citywide differences, indicating a significant impact of human activities on urban park accessibility. The geographic inequality of park distribution was undermined by people’s actual park usages. However, residents in communities with higher quality of built-environment had higher park activity frequency while shorter trip length, and social inequity of park access among the total population was more obvious than the low-recreation-demand population. Therefore, policy-makers should rethink how to provide park resources to address the inequity issues brought by human activities. Our study contributes to the existing literature in the following ways: (1) compared place-based park accessibility and activity-based park accessibility in the same context, and (2) identified low-recreation-demand population as a comparison group to explore impacts of recreation demand on park equity.

The Effect of Economic Growth, Government Spending, and Human Development Index toward Inequality of Income Distribution in the Metropolitan Cities in Indonesia

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of economic growth, government capital expenditure, and human development index on the inequality of income distribution in Metropolitan Cities in Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive associative research, where the data used is secondary data from 2012 to 2021 obtained from relevant agencies, which were analyzed using the panel data regression method. The findings of this study indicate that the human development index has a negative and significant effect on the inequality of income distribution in Metropolitan Cities in Indonesia, capital expenditures and economic growth have a positive and insignificant effect on the inequality of income distribution in Metropolitan Cities in Indonesia. Taken together, only the human development index has a significant effect on the inequality of income distribution in Metropolitan Cities in Indonesia.

House Prices and Wealth Inequality in New Zealand

This article discusses the relationship between house prices, the wealth distribution and wealth inequality. It considers long-term changes in overall wealth distribution in New Zealand and the share of wealth that is held in the form of housing. It also explores the potential impact of large increases in house prices using a ‘scenario’ approach – modelling the effect of house price growth scenarios on the 2018 wealth distribution and, in turn, wealth inequality, while holding all else constant. The article shows how looking at headline measures can obscure changes in wealth inequality between groups. It also reinforces the value of complementing such analysis with measures that illustrate other dimensions of wellbeing.

Wealthy, educated, and… non-millennial? Variable patterns of distributional inequity in 31 Canadian cities

This article assesses the distribution of urban vegetation in 31 Canadian cities to determine whether certain social-economic/demographic factors are associated with increased proximity to greenness. Using spatial lag models, Canadian census data, and urban ‘greenness fractions’ derived from Landsat imagery, we find diversity between cities in the factors associated with increased urban vegetation. This makes it difficult to establish a single overarching narrative about the state of environmental justice and green equity as it pertains to proximity to vegetation in Canadian cities. Factors such as greater household income and educational attainment were positively associated with proximity to vegetation in numerous cities, while the proportion of millennials was often negatively associated. Variables including the proportion of visible minorities, Indigenous people, and recent immigrants infrequently had significant associations with urban vegetation. These results highlight the need for planning and management actions tailored to individual Canadian cities to improve green equity for marginalized and underserved groups. We discuss the need for funding for greening initiatives and maintenance; democratic participation, engagement, and education opportunities for residents; urban planning that considers the challenge of greening dense environments; and consideration of potential negative outcomes of greening, such as gentrification, to improve green equity in Canadian cities.

Protein-based vaccine as the booster dose for adults: evidence and beyond

Since the pandemic began, there have been more than 500 million COVID-19 cases and 6 million deaths.1 Despite the large number of previous infections and vaccinations (more than 11 billion doses in total), omicron (B.1.1.529)and its sublineages have caused several waves of infection outbreak globally since the end of 2021.1 There are many potential reasons that might contribute to the ongoing pandemic, such as the waning of immune protection from vaccine or past infection with time, immune escape of the emerging variants, vaccine hesitancy, and the global inequity of vaccine distribution.

Barriers and opportunities to incorporating environmental justice in the National Environmental Policy act

Environmental justice, which seeks to achieve equity in the process and outcomes of environmental policy and decision-making, is a broadly recognized policy objective. As a foundational environmental regulation and opportunity for public engagement with federal decision-making, the United States' National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is frequently considered a promising venue for addressing environmental justice. While environmental justice has been a recognized consideration within the NEPA process since the 1990s, it is by no means a streamlined process. Understanding the barriers and opportunities to better incorporation of EJ principles in NEPA review processes is critical for understanding how to move from EJ as a concept to actual implementation. Drawing on interviews with federal agencies, project developers, nongovernmental organizations, and other organizations who contributed to NEPA reviews for projects across the US, this paper explores how environmental justice–specifically procedural, distributive, and recognition justice–is currently addressed in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements and identifies barriers and opportunities for better inclusion. We find that many NEPA practitioners see NEPA as a valuable tool for achieving procedural and distributive justice. However, a number of institutional and organizational barriers exist, most prominently a structure that hinders opportunities for meaningful public engagement, ambiguity in how distributive justice is defined and implemented, and a lack of substantive requirements for potential distributional inequities to be addressed.

Measuring disparate outcomes of content recommendation algorithms with distributional inequality metrics

SummaryThe harmful impacts of algorithmic decision systems have recently come into focus, with many examples of machine learning (ML) models amplifying societal biases. In this paper, we propose adapting income inequality metrics from economics to complement existing model-level fairness metrics, which focus on intergroup differences of model performance. In particular, we evaluate their ability to measure disparities between exposures that individuals receive in a production recommendation system, the Twitter algorithmic timeline. We define desirable criteria for metrics to be used in an operational setting by ML practitioners. We characterize engagements with content on Twitter using these metrics and use the results to evaluate the metrics with respect to our criteria. We also show that we can use these metrics to identify content suggestion algorithms that contribute more strongly to skewed outcomes between users. Overall, we conclude that these metrics can be a useful tool for auditing algorithms in production settings.

Optimal salary inequality for team performance: evidence from National Football League data

ABSTRACT Using salary data for players in the National Football League, I examine empirically the relationship between salary inequality and team performance under dynamic panel regressions. Main findings are: 1) the relationship between salary inequality and team performance is robustly hump-shaped, 2) the optimal Gini index to maximize the number of wins in a regular season is approximately 0.71 from estimates with all players’ salary data and ranges between 0.52 and 0.56 with players on rosters. These results imply that neither perfect equality nor perfect inequality in salary distribution is beneficial to team performance.

Heterogeneity Perspective on the Dynamic Identification of Low-Income Groups and Quantitative Decomposition of Income Increase: Evidence from China

Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism. To achieve common prosperity, unbalanced urban–rural development, insufficient regional development, and progressively increasing income disparity between groups must be solved. The measure of raising the low and expanding the middle is receiving more and more attention in gradually achieving common prosperity. In order to formulate long-term income increase strategies for low-income groups with regional characteristics, this article, based on income group data, uses the weak relative poverty criterion to dynamically identify low-income groups and decomposes the changes in the income increase in low-income groups from urban–rural, regional and provincial perspectives to explore the causes and the extent of their influence on the income increase in low-income groups. This paper concludes that the size of low-income groups is generally on a declining trend, while the size of urban low-income groups has increased. Inequality in income distribution reduces the income increase in low-income groups; individual heterogeneity is a key factor that promotes the income increase in low-income groups. It is more difficult to increase the income of low-income groups in central and western rural areas than in eastern rural areas. In the future, on the basis of classifying the paths of income increase for low-income groups in provincial districts and implementing the corresponding income increase policies by combining the characteristics of different categories, it helps to formulate a long-term income increase mechanism for low-income groups that combines the characteristics of regional development and meets the actual regional development. It will promote the long-term income increase in low-income groups and gradually realize common prosperity.

Safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein nanoparticle vaccine (GBP510) adjuvanted with AS03: A randomised, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded phase 1/2 trial.

SummaryBackgroundVaccination has helped to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten traditional and novel vaccines have been listed by the World Health Organization for emergency use. Additional alternative approaches may better address ongoing vaccination globally, where there remains an inequity in vaccine distribution. GBP510 is a recombinant protein vaccine, which consists of self-assembling, two-component nanoparticles, displaying the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in a highly immunogenic array.MethodsThis randomised, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded phase 1/2 study was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of GBP510 (2-doses at a 28-day interval) adjuvanted with or without AS03 in adults aged 19–85 years at 14 hospital sites in Korea. This study was consisted of two stages (stage I, healthy adults aged 19–55 years; stage II, 240 healthy adults aged 19–85 years). Healthy participants who did not previously receive any vaccine within 4 weeks (2 weeks for flu vaccine) prior to the study, no history of COVID-19 vaccination/medication, and were naïve to SARS-CoV-2 infection at screening were eligible for the study enrollment. Participants were block-randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive 2 doses of 10 µg GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 (group 1), 10 µg unadjuvanted GBP510 (group 2) or placebo intramuscularly in stage I, while they were block-randomized in a 2:2:1:1 ratio to receive 10 µg GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 (group 1), 25 µg GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 (group 3), 25 µg unadjuvanted GBP510 (group 4) or placebo in stage II. The primary safety outcomes were solicited and unsolicited adverse events, while primary immunogenicity outcomes included anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibodies; neutralizing antibody responses; and T-cell immune responses. Safety assessment included all participants who received at least 1 dose of study intervention (safety set). Immunogenicity assessment included all participants who completed the vaccination schedule and had valid immunogenicity assessment results without any major protocol deviations (per-protocol set). This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04750343).FindingsOf 328 participants who were enrolled between February 1 and May 28, 2021, 327 participants received at least 1 dose of vaccine. Each received either 10 µg GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 (Group 1, n = 101), 10 µg unadjuvanted GBP510 (Group 2, n = 10), 25 µg GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 (Group 3, n = 104), 25 µg unadjuvanted GBP510 (Group 4, n = 51), or placebo (n = 61). Higher reactogenicity was observed in the GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 groups compared to the non-adjuvanted and placebo groups. The most frequently reported solicited local adverse event (AE) was injection site pain after any vaccination: (88·1% in group 1; 50·0% in group 2; 92·3% in group 3; 66·7% in group 4). Fatigue and myalgia were two most frequently reported systemic AEs and more frequently reported in GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 recipients (79·2% and 78·2% in group 1; 75·0% and 79·8% in group 3, respectively) than in the unadjuvanted vaccine recipients (40·0% and of 40·0% in group 2; 60·8% and 47·1% in group 4) after any vaccination. Reactogenicity was higher post-dose 2 compared to post-dose 1, particularly for systemic AEs. The geometric mean concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2-RBD IgG antibody reached 2163·6/2599·2 BAU/mL in GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 recipients (10 µg/25 µg) by 14 days after the second dose. Two-dose vaccination of 10 µg or 25 µg GBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 induced high titres of neutralizing antibody via pseudovirus (1369·0/1431·5 IU/mL) and wild-type virus (949·8/861·0 IU/mL) assay.InterpretationGBP510 adjuvanted with AS03 was well tolerated and highly immunogenic. These results support further development of the vaccine candidate, which is currently being evaluated in Phase 3.FundingThis work was supported, in whole or in part, by funding from CEPI and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Investment ID OPP1148601. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supported this project for the generation of IND-enabling data and CEPI supported this clinical study.

Understanding the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small Businesses and Workers Using Quantitative and Qualitative Methods.

The COVID-19 pandemic has simultaneously exacerbated and elucidated inequities in resource distribution for small businesses across the United States in terms of worker health and the financial stability of both owners and employees. This disparity was further intensified by the constantly changing and sometimes opposing health and safety guidelines and recommendations to businesses from the local, state, and federal government agencies. To better understand how the pandemic has impacted small businesses, a cross-sectional survey was administered to owners, managers, and workers (n = 45) in the beauty and auto shop sectors from Southern Arizona. The survey identified barriers to safe operation that these businesses faced during the pandemic, illuminated worker concerns about COVID-19, and elicited perceptions of how workplaces have changed since the novel coronavirus outbreak of 2019. A combination of open-ended and close-ended questions explored how businesses adapted to the moving target of pandemic safety recommendations, as well as how the pandemic affected businesses and workers more generally. Almost all the beauty salons surveyed had to close their doors (22/25), either temporarily or permanently, due to COVID-19, while most of the auto repair shops were able to stay open (13/20). Beauty salons were more likely to implement exposure controls meant to limit transmission with customers and coworkers, such as wearing face masks and disallowing walk-ins, and were also more likely to be affected by pandemic-related issues, such as reduced client load and sourcing difficulties. Auto shops, designated by the state of Arizona to be ‘essential’ businesses, were less likely to have experienced financial precarity due to the pandemic. Content analysis of open-ended questions using the social-ecological model documented current and future worker concerns, namely financial hardships from lockdowns and the long-term viability of their business, unwillingness of employees to return to work, uncertainty regarding the progression of the pandemic, conflict over suitable health and safety protocols, and personal or family health and well-being (including anxiety and/or stress). Findings from the survey indicate that small businesses did not have clear guidance from policymakers during the pandemic and that the enacted regulations and guidelines focused on either health and safety or finances, but rarely both. Businesses often improvised and made potentially life-changing decisions with little to no support. This analysis can be used to inform future pandemic preparedness plans for small businesses that are cost-efficient, effective at reducing environmental exposures, and ultimately more likely to be implemented by the workers.

Is the green inequality overestimated? Quality reevaluation of green space accessibility

Although urban green space (UGS) is an important factor in improving the well-being of residents, the problem of green injustice has been proven to be prevalent. Balancing the quantity distribution of UGS is an important way to solve the problem, but the effect is declining owing to many reasons. The general lack of evaluation of UGS quality in accessibility model leads to the insufficient understanding of real inequality and the inability to excavate strategies from the level of quality. Accordingly, this article first established an evaluation system for the serviceability of UGS (including size, outerconnectivity, inner-connectivity, diversity, eco-serviceability, and compactness). Based on the comprehensive floating catchment area method, the spatial distribution patterns and inequality differences of UGS quantity and quality accessibility under three traffic modes are compared. The results show that evaluating the quantity inequality of UGS may lead to overestimation of real inequality, and other functional advantages can offset the quantitative disadvantages. The government-led quality improvement intervention and the policy of enhancing residents' transportation capacity can alleviate green inequality. The finding confirms the significance of serviceability in improving green equity and provides guidance for government leaders and researchers on the development of UGS in the future.

Evaluating the Inequality of Medical Resource Allocation Based on Spatial and Non-Spatial Accessibility: A Case Study of Wenzhou, China

Environmental and social factors influencing resource allocation in rural, developing regions are critical social determinants of health that necessitate cross-sector collaboration to improve health opportunities. Thus, we sought to evaluate the spatial distribution and accessibility of medical resources to assess existing disparities, identify best practices for resource allocation, and inform regional health planning policies. In this study, inequality in the frequency distribution of medical resources in Wenzhou, China, was measured using the Gini coefficient and agglomeration degree. We evaluated the spatial accessibility of medical institutions throughout the city using the modified hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (H2SFCA) method. Using the Spearman correlation analysis, we investigated the factors influencing accessibility differences. The results indicate that Wenzhou’s spatial distribution of medical resources is unbalanced and unequal. According to the population and geographic distribution, the distribution of medical resources in Wenzhou is unequal. Wenzhou’s overall spatial accessibility is poor. The east region is more accessible than the west region, and the accessibility of medical institutions at different levels varies greatly. The correlation between accessibility and the number of institutions, doctors, population density, road density, and GDP is positive. There is a need for policies and initiatives to enhance the geographical distribution of resources, construct interconnected road networks, and improve residents’ access to medical resources.

Gender differences, data carpentry and bibliometric studies in Mathematics

Libraries deal with large amounts of data in the digital environment. Librarians manipulate, update and integrate data on e-journals & e-books every year to the new knowledge base or in their intended library software. Data need to be cleaned, transformed and refined before uploading. OpenRefine is a useful data wrangling tool to filter, clean and transform the data before migration. The paper exercises largescale data cleaning, extraction and analysis of publication data (81,729) downloaded from Scopus during 2016-2020 in the field of Mathematics where at least one author is affiliated with an Indian institute or University. The result shows that 76,712(93.86%) documents have DOIs; sharp increase in ORCID from 4.27% (2016) to 26.25% (2020). The paper also shed a light on gender analysis and the gravity of its disparity in the field of Mathematics. Based on first author analysis, the result reveals that 73% are male authors whereas 27% are female based on the study of over half-lakh papers on Mathematics, where at least one author is from India. There is extreme inequality in gender distribution in the scientific research publications in mathematics.

Assessing the effectiveness and fairness of carbon tax based on the water-energy-carbon nexus of household water use

Implementing management strategies such as carbon tax to mitigate climate change should be grounded in a rigorous understanding of the effects on heterogeneous households. However, traditionally used equilibrium-based or optimization-based models lump heterogeneous stakeholders with one representative one and narrow tax effects to the emission reduction and cost distribution, leading to unpractical policies. This work proposes a new agent-based framework with explicit representations of macro water-energy-carbon nexus and micro individual behaviors to assess the effectiveness and fairness of carbon tax. The framework encompasses households' behaviors under income heterogeneity and information asymmetry. A case study in Lhasa reveals that, carbon tax is effective for emission reduction while engenders multidimensional inequality across income groups. Levying carbon tax reduces the carbon intensity for water and energy by 1.5% and 6.0%, respectively, in 2049. However, carbon tax adds barriers to the adoption of cleaner energy and advanced appliances while promoting conservation behaviors of low-income groups. Our results also reveal the regressive distribution effects of carbon tax, supporting the distribution inequality of the tax. Our analysis provides new insights on the disentanglement of the effectiveness and fairness of carbon tax which could be extended to the development of compensation strategies to enhance the effectiveness and mitigate inequalities.

Poverty in The New Normal: Institutional Traps

In the conditions of a new normality, in which the modern economic system is forced to function, the problem of poverty is becoming increasingly relevant for research. It can be observed that the number of poor in the Russian economy is growing, the level of inequality in income distribution is also growing. All this is a consequence of market exchanges in the national economy. The institutional environment of the Russian economy, under the influence of a strong "binding effect" and dependence on the previous path of development, failed to reorganize without consequences, which led to the presence of institutional traps, which were expressed in the redistribution of income in the conditions of an increasing trend of inequality development. This article is a comprehensive study in which the search for institutional traps that develop poverty is combined with the justification of the further path of institutional evolution in terms of solving this problem. The analysis of the measures that the state is taking today to solve the problem, an assessment of their quality and effectiveness is being carried out. The study raises the question of finding fundamental universal solutions to overcome the poverty crisis in the context of combating the rut effect on the basis of a representative example of the Russian economy.

Inequalities in the geographical distribution and workload of obstetrics and gynaecology specialists by gender in Turkey.

Women often have a preference for female obstetrics and gynaecology specialists (ob/gyns). Following the policy allowing physician selection by patients in Turkey, distribution of ob/gyns by gender across provinces has been an important indicator of access to healthcare. To analyse ob/gyns distribution by gender across provinces in Turkey, with emphasis on the relationship with conservativeness of the province and resulting physician workload. We measured the number of male and female ob/gyns by province in 2016 and the number of outpatient visits and deliveries performed by male and female ob/gyns in 2015. Pearson and Spearman correlation of the female ratio with votes for conservative parties was used to assess the distribution of ob/gyns. We then analysed the correlation with resulting workload of female ob/gyns and ran linear regressions of these variables controlling the number of ob/gyns in a province. More conservative provinces, measured by the vote share for conservative political parties, have a higher ratio of female ob/gyns. Linear regression showed that a 1 percentage point (pp) increase in the vote share corresponded to a 0.69 pp increase in female ratio. For workload, a 1 pp higher female ratio resulted in a decrease in workload, measured as outpatient visits per female ob/gyn divided by that per male ob/gyn, by 0.014. Conservative provinces have more female ob/gyns, but other provinces compensate for that with higher female ob/gyn workload. High workload may have adverse health effects and result in lower quality of care.