Wealth Inequality Research Articles

Supplemental Appendix for "Wealth Inequality in a Low Rate Environment"

Supplemental Appendix for "Wealth Inequality in a Low Rate Environment"

Epidemic dynamics and wealth inequality under two feedback control strategies

Epidemic dynamics and wealth inequality under two feedback control strategies

A Comparative Study For Exploring The Nexus Between Inflation and Economic Growth

This research examines the relationship between unemployment, inflation, and GDP growth, focusing on how these factors impact unemployment rates and economic development. It also explores income inequality, which can impact price increases and economic development, and wealth inequality, which can hinder economic growth by limiting market participation and human capital development. The study uses the CPI to measure inflation, a measure of marketwide price increases, to understand its complexity. Objective of the study is to identify a nonlinear relationship between inflation and economic growth, distinguish significant disparities between developed and developing economies, and propose measures to assist officials in controlling inflation and promoting long-term economic growth. The study uses a descriptive and explanatory research design to analyze macroeconomics and the Indian economy, utilizing secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India's website and quarterly reports. The research indicates a link between living costs, inflation rates, and economic growth. Excessive inflation can hinder economic development, while economic growth can alleviate living expenses. The quantity of money also influences inflation and growth, necessitating legislation for balancing these factors.

AN EXAMINATION OF HOW RAISING TAXES WOULD AFFECT SALARIES AND WAGES

The growth of the state's involvement and the idea of government finance or fiscal policy, taxes have become an increasingly important factor influencing all facets of economic and social life. The financial instability was a direct outcome of the tax's negative impact on wealth inequality and the government's inability to address the budgetary challenges caused by this trend adequately. Studying tax evasion, which stunts economic growth and determining the magnitude of the tax's overall and wage and salary-specific economic impacts are the primary goals of the research.

Wealth Inequality and the Distributional Effects of Maximum Loan-To-Value Ratio Policy

Wealth Inequality and the Distributional Effects of Maximum Loan-To-Value Ratio Policy

Gentrification and Neighborhood Housing Wealth: How Gentrification Reproduces the Racial Stratification of Urban Neighborhoods

Few researchers have considered how gentrification affects inequalities of housing wealth between Black and White neighborhoods. Drawing on the U.S. census and the American Community Survey, I test the hypothesis that home values rise more slowly in gentrifying neighborhoods that are majority Black compared to those that are majority White. I find that home values appreciate more quickly in gentrifying neighborhoods that are majority Black, particularly those that are experiencing significant change in their racial-ethnic composition. The findings further suggest that Black gentrifying neighborhoods experiencing racial transition—a large increase in the proportion of White residents and a large decrease in the proportion of Black residents—experience higher rates of home value appreciation than those not experiencing racial transition. I argue that gentrification reproduces the racial stratification of urban neighborhoods because large increases to housing wealth tend to be coupled with the arrival of the White middle-class.

Особенности и возможности цифровизации компаний

The economy and the society transformation caused by digitalization poses new challenges for organizations of all sizes, forms of ownership and industries. The digital age provides companies with access to new ideas, technologies, business models and markets. Companies will increasingly rely on artificial intelligence to perform basic routine tasks. The rapid change of customers’ needs leads to restructuring of value chains and market structures. At the same time, new strategic perspectives are emerging, the old business models becoming uncompetitive. The vast majority of Russian companies consider digitalization a priority in their activities because of financial benefits. Reducing transaction costs (the costs associated with finding and processing the necessary data) increases flexibility and efficiency of the economy. Digitalization stimulates innovation process in the service sector and allows opening completely new business lines and markets that were previously not available due to the lack of technical capabilities. Digital platforms are playing increasingly important economic role, and some of them have already gained very strong global positions (Google occupies 90% of the search engine, Meta accounts for two thirds of the global social media market, and 40% of online sales are carried out through Amazon). These trends can lead to increased inequality and concentration of wealth in the hands of small group of individuals. Therefore, the inclusiveness of the digital economy is unacceptable. The purpose of the study is to determine digitalization features and prospects of modern organizations business activities. Dialectical and logical methods were used in the article to form causal relationships in the processes of digital transformation of enterprises. As a result, the article reveals the economic features of digitalization, which are the drivers of scientific and technological progress at the present time. Attention is paid to the advantages that digital technologies bring to companies, starting from the possibility of maintaining their place in the market and ending with higher salaries for employees.

Justice in Business

Justice is one of the core principles in business ethics which not only concerns financial aspects, but also moral, social and cultural aspects which demand fair and equal treatment of all stakeholders, including employees, customers, business partners and society. Qualitative research methods based on secondary data can achieve the aim of this article to analyze and unite from a theoretical perspective, namely justice as providing equal opportunities for workers and in economics justice plays an important role in overcoming inequality and unequal distribution of wealth by achieving prosperity and increasing wealth. economic growth. In this regard, this article shows an appropriate framework for developing future research by analyzing the importance of implementing justice in business that influences various aspects.

Income, Wealth, and Environmental Inequality in the United States

Income, Wealth, and Environmental Inequality in the United States

Negative Impact of Income Tax on Economic Growth

In the intricate development of global trends, economic growth is a crucial part shaped by the factors all around from indicators like Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Income (GNI) to policies for taxation, exportation, social welfare and so on. Among them, taxation is an interesting topic discussed frequently by analysts and economists, which also contributed to wealth redistribution and inequality as important considerations. This article focuses on researching the impact of income tax on economic growth, including individual income tax and corporate income tax. The purpose of this research is to figure out whether cut in tax promotes economic growth in the United States. The results show that income tax rate indeed have a negative relationship with economic growth rate. The research’s data specifically shows how GDP shift up or down with the change of consumption, investment, employment rate, and so on. Cut in taxation somewhat promotes the GDP growth, while people are more willing to consume, invest, and governments are more abundant in funding. Finally, this research suggests the policy maker to consider the lagging effect of taxation policy on economic growth and timely adjustment of taxation structure progressivity, and further research and development.

Rückläufige Einnahmen aus der Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer

Abstract The current German inheritance and gift tax statistics for 2022 suggest rising tax revenues. However, the statistics are misleading, particularly for large estates, because a large proportion of the taxes assessed are subsequently remitted. This is due to extensive tax exemptions for corporate assets. On the one hand, the findings are important for the assessment of the latest inheritance tax reform, which may not meet the requirements of the Federal Constitutional Court. On the other hand, they show that wealth-related taxes are currently declining despite very high wealth inequality in Germany.

Sweden Turns Inward

ABSTRACT: I have only gloomy news from Sweden. Gang wars. Burnings of Qurans wrapped in bacon. Ballooning wealth inequality. My country has long been regarded as the homeland of the "middle way" between capitalism and socialism. Such a view is no longer tenable. Maybe it never was. In fact, Sweden is a country of extremes.

Using Rich Lists to Study the Super-Rich and Top Wealth Inequality: Insights from Switzerland

Using Rich Lists to Study the Super-Rich and Top Wealth Inequality: Insights from Switzerland

Sweden Turns Inward

ABSTRACT: I have only gloomy news from Sweden. Gang wars. Burnings of Qurans wrapped in bacon. Ballooning wealth inequality. My country has long been regarded as the homeland of the “middle way” between capitalism and socialism. Such a view is no longer tenable. Maybe it never was. In fact, Sweden is a country of extremes.

МЕТОДЫ СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЯ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ВЫБРОСОВ ПАРНИКОВЫХ ГАЗОВ

According to many experts, the observed changes in the global climate are caused primarily by natural patterns, and the influence of anthropogenic impacts, including the growth of greenhouse gas emissions, only slightly increases them. Nevertheless, the desire to reduce emissions of these gases has become an important environmental and political task, included in many strategic documents, and a significant component of Russia’s environmental policy. Therefore, the development and testing of various methods and mechanisms for stimulating the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, in particular in the agro-industrial complex, is very relevant. Statistics convincingly show that greenhouse gas emissions, at a certain level of technological development, are proportional to the population. Over the past 100 years, the population of the Earth has grown 4 times - from about 2 billion in 1923 to 8 billion in 2023. During this time, greenhouse gas emissions have increased about 12 times, and the average temperature of the planet has increased by 2,3 degrees. The sharp global warming, coupled with the intensification of the struggle for scarce natural resources and the growth of wealth inequality, poses a very real threat to the existence of humanity. It can be prevented by the emerging trend of a decrease in the total global fertility rate to 2,2 children per woman of childbearing age. This may soon lead to a decrease in the planet’s population. This article proposes methods for managing the natural decline in population by region of the Earth. At the same time, methods for adapting the Russian agro-industrial complex to climate change and stimulating the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by agricultural enterprises remain relevant.

WE economy: Potential of mutual aid distribution based on moral responsibility and risk vulnerability.

Reducing wealth inequality is a global challenge that requires the transformation of the economic systems that produce inequality. The economic system comprises: (1) gifts and reciprocity, (2) power and redistribution, (3) market exchange, and (4) mutual aid without reciprocal obligations. Current inequality stems from a capitalist economy consisting of (2) and (3). To sublimate (1), the human economy, to (4), the concept of a "mixbiotic society" has been proposed in the philosophical realm. In this society, free and diverse individuals mix, recognize their respective "fundamental incapability," and sublimate them into "WE" solidarity. Moreover, the economy must have a moral responsibility as a co-adventurer and consider its vulnerability to risk. This study focuses on two factors of mind perception-moral responsibility and risk vulnerability-and proposes a novel wealth distribution model between the two agents following an econophysical approach, whereas the conventional model dealt with redistribution through taxes and institutions. Three models are developed: a joint-venture model in which profit/losses are distributed based on their factors, a redistribution model in which wealth stocks are redistributed periodically based on their factors in the joint-venture model, and a "WE economy" model in which profit/losses are distributed based on the ratio of each other's factors. A simulation comparison reveals that WE economies are effective in reducing inequality, resilient in normalizing wealth distribution as advantages, and susceptible to free riders as disadvantages. However, this disadvantage can be compensated for by fostering fellowship and using joint ventures. This study presents the effectiveness of moral responsibility and risk vulnerability, complementarity between the WE economy and joint economy, and the direction of the economy in reducing inequality. Future challenges include developing an advanced model based on real economic analysis and economic psychology and promoting its fieldwork for worker coops and platform cooperatives to realize a desirable mixbiotic society.

가계부채가 자산 불평등에 미치는 영향

가계부채가 자산 불평등에 미치는 영향

재산세가 가구의 저축행위에 미치는 영향 분석

This paper analyzes the impact of property taxes on household savings behavior using fiscal panel data from the 7th to the 14th. The objective is to examine whether property taxes have a significant policy effect in mitigating wealth inequality. Specifically, we focus on intergenerational inequality and use a panel fixed effect model to investigate whether changes in property taxes have different effects on different generations. When we limit the sample to the years 2014-2019, property taxes and comprehensive real estate taxes were found to have a negative impact only on the savings behavior of household heads born after 1974. Conversely, when including the period of a sharp increase in property taxes as a percentage of GDP (2020-2021), a significant negative correlation was observed in the savings behavior of household heads born before 1964. We interpret these results as supporting the notion that property taxes are a significant policy tool in determining the direction of intergenerational wealth inequality.

Examining the Influence of Direct and Indirect Taxation on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan

Taxation and expenditure administration represents a significant concern for governments at all levels. Taxation plays a crucial role in the funding and formulation of economic policies. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of Pakistan's direct and indirect taxation systems, their impact on economic progress, and their relationship with inflation. The available data indicate that the impact of indirect taxes on economic growth is more significant compared to that of direct taxes. More precisely, a rise of one percent in indirect taxation results in a corresponding increase of 0.49% in GDP, while direct taxation leads to a GDP increase of 0.22%. Indirect taxes have a greater impact on inflation compared to direct taxes. It is recommended to consider long-term planning, expanding the tax base, reducing tax evasion, and enhancing the efficiency of the tax mix strategy. Indirect taxation has the potential to mitigate wealth inequality and foster economic growth. Tax and monetary policy have the potential to reduce inflation levels.

The Rise in Economic Inequality in India in Recent Years

India's economy is among the fastest expanding in the world, yet it also ranks among the most unequal. Throughout the past thirty years, inequality has been steadily increasing in the country. A significant portion of the wealth generated by crony capitalism and inheritance has been monopolized by the wealthiest. Their rate of wealth accumulation is significantly exceeded that of the impoverished, who struggle to make ends meet and obtain adequate healthcare and education. In the paper we try to scrutinize the trends in income and wealth inequality in India and also examine the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on economic inequality in the nation. Some policy suggestions are made as India navigates the road to recovery to alleviate the gaps posed by the extraordinary difficulties presented by COVID-19 and promote a more resilient and equitable economic environment in post-pandemic India.