Indwelling Needle Research Articles

Clinical nursing of intravenous indwelling catheter

Intravenous indwelling needle; Cardiovascular disease patients; Nursing

A smart indwelling needle with on-demand switchable anticoagulant and hemostatic activities

Herein, a novel concept is proposed for engineering a smart indwelling needle with on-demand switchable anticoagulant and hemostatic activities.

Venous injury caused by peripheral intravenous indwelling catheter and recovery

Objective To observe the correlation factors of venous injury caused by peripheral intravenous indwelling catheter, so as to guide the rational use of clinical intravenous indwelling catheter, so as to avoid venous injury and promote vascular recovery. Methods This study was carried out in five Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals. In each hospital, we randomly selected one of the departments: Digestive Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Hepatobiliary Surgery, Extraglandular Surgery and Respiratory Medicine as the research departments. The inpatients admitted from March to June 2018 were selected and included in the study as a whole with the consent of the patients. In this study, 81 qualified patients were successfully injected with the peripheral intravenous indwelling catheter infusion and observed. According to the prescription of the doctors and hospital department policies, peripheral intravenous indwelling catheter was used for infusion. Specialists were arranged to record the patients' infused solution, evaluate the puncture site of the indwelling catheter before puncture and the results of venous blood vessel evaluation before puncture. Observe and record the reasons for the removal of indwelling catheter, the patency during the removal, the indwelling time, the marking of indwelling vein, evaluate and record the condition of the puncture site of indwelling catheter and the grade of phlebitis. The elasticity and filling degree of venous vessels were evaluated and recorded on the 14th day after catheter removal. Results (1) The severity of local phlebitis was positively correlated with the severity of vascular injury when removing intravenous indwelling catheter; the incidence of moderate and severe vascular injury was 9.09% when local symptoms were grade Ⅰ phlebitis; the incidence of moderate and severe vascular injury was 95.83% when local symptoms were grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ phlebitis when removing intravenous indwelling catheter; and there was statistical difference in the incidence of moderate and severe vascular injury between the two groups (P 0.05) . Conclusions Phlebitis after peripheral intravenous indwelling catheter infusion is the main cause of vascular injury and hinders venous recovery. Preventive measures should be taken in clinical puncture and use of venous indwelling needles; the removal of indwelling catheters should not be based only on indwelling time; the symptoms of puncture sites and patients' reactions should be evaluated in accordance with the regulations to avoid phlebitis above grade Ⅱ; in order to avoid vascular injury caused by infusion of peripheral intravenous indwelling catheters, asymptomatic removal of intravenous indwelling catheter is recommended. Key words: Phlebitis; Peripheral intravenous indwelling catheters; Blood vessel recovery; Vascular injury; Indwelling time; Indicators for removal of catheter

The origin, development and mechanisms of special acupuncture needle tools for cutaneous region

In this paper, we expound the origin and development of special acupuncture needle tools for cutaneous region, and discuss its mechanisms from modern medical theory. By consulting related acupuncture books and literature and in combination with needles used in clinical practice, we conclude that acupuncture needle tools can be divided into skin massage needle (digital pressing, spoon needle, etc.), cutaneous pricking blood needle (shear needle, three-edged needle, plum blossom needle, etc.), subcutaneous shallow puncture needle (intradermal needle, superficial needle, subcutaneous in-dwelling needle), etc. The skin-brain axis is the core of skin stimulation therapy. Mechanical pressure exerted on the skin surface induced by acupuncture stimulation or pressing, microcirculation changes and drug superposition are probably the underlying mechanisms of special skin acupuncture needle tools for treatment of various clinical disorders.

Potential of modified puncture method to decrease intravenous indwelling needle-related complications in inpatients with cardiovascular disease.

ObjectiveThis study was performed to investigate the potential of a modified puncture method to decrease the incidence of intravenous indwelling needle-related complications in inpatients with cardiovascular disease.MethodsFrom February 2017 to July 2017, 436 consecutive inpatients with cardiovascular disease requiring infusion treatment were recruited and randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group. The standard infusion puncture method was applied in the control group, and a modified puncture method was applied in the treatment group. The incidence of complications and necessary positional adjustments of the intravenous indwelling needle in the two groups were observed.ResultsThe incidence of necessary positional adjustments of the intravenous indwelling needle was significantly lower in the treatment group than control group (16.5% versus 5.0%, respectively). The incidences of redness at the puncture point and oozing of blood or fluid at the puncture point were also significantly lower in the treatment group than control group (18.6% versus 4.5% and 12.7% versus 5.5%, respectively).ConclusionsThe modified puncture method for intravenous indwelling needles can significantly decrease the incidence of complications and positional adjustments during application, which relieves patients’ pain and lightens nurses’ workload.

Study on the effect of percutaneous low frequency electric stimulation on prevention of venous indwelling needle thrombosis in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective To explore the clinical effect of percutaneous low frequency electric stimulation on prevention of venous indwelling needle thrombotic blockage in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 150 patients admitted to the department of cardiovascular medicine from May 2017 to January 2018 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. It was divided into the intervention group and the control group by the random number table method, including 75 cases in the intervention group and 75 cases in the control group. In the control group, the routine nursing method was adopted for the maintenance of intravenous indwelling needle. In the intervention group, on the basis of routine nursing, the percutaneous low frequency electrical stimulation was added. The incidence of thrombosis, occlusion, mean retention time, patient satisfaction and intravenous infusion complications were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of thrombosis was 40.0% (30/75) and64.0% (48/75) in the intervention group and the control group, and the blockage rate was 28.0% (21/75) and 52.0% (39/75) in the intervention group and the control group, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=8.654, 9.000, all P< 0.01). The incidence of phlebitis, drug exosmosis and subcutaneous bruising were 13.33% (10/75), 13.33% (10/75) and 18.67% (14/75) in the intervention group, 33.33% (25/75), 40.00% (30/75) and 41.33% (31/75) in the control group, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2 = 8.385, 13.636, 9.175, all P< 0.01). The indwelling time and patient satisfaction of the intervention group were (2.817±0.221) d and 82.67% (62/75) respectively, while those of the control group were (2.291±0.127) d and 50.67% (38/75), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=17.926, χ2=17.280, all P<0.01). Conclusions Percutaneous low frequency electrical stimulation has positive significance for improving the formation of thrombus at the point of intravenous indwelling needle and preventing the blockage of catheter caused by thrombosis. Key words: Percutaneous low frequency electrical stimulation; Venous indwelling needle; Tube blocking

Accessing analytes in biofluids for peripheral biochemical monitoring.

Peripheral biochemical monitoring involves the use of wearable devices for minimally invasive or noninvasive measurement of analytes in biofluids such as interstitial fluid, saliva, tears and sweat. The goal in most cases is to obtain measurements that serve as surrogates for circulating analyte concentrations in blood. Key technological developments to date include continuous glucose monitors, which use an indwelling sensor needle to measure glucose in interstitial fluid, and device-integrated sweat stimulation for continuous access to analytes in sweat. Further development of continuous sensing technologies through new electrochemical sensing modalities will be a major focus of future research. While there has been much investment in wearable technologies to sense analytes, less effort has been directed to understanding the physiology of biofluid secretion. Elucidating the underlying biology is crucial for accelerating technological progress, as the biofluid itself often presents the greatest challenge in terms of sample volumes, secretion rates, filtration, active analyte channels, variable pH and salinity, analyte breakdown and other confounding factors.

Application of Micro-Teaching in the Training of Intravenous Indwelling Needle Infusion for Clinical Nursing Students

Objective: To explore the application effect of micro-teaching in the training of intravenous indwelling needle for clinical nursing students. Methods: A total of 102 undergraduate nursing students who were interned in our department from July 2016 to February 2018 were assigned randomly to the experimental group and the control group, 51 for each. The traditional teaching method was used in the control group for the training of intravenous indwelling needle infusion skills, whereas the micro-teaching method was used in the experimental group. Before the end of the internship, the two groups of interns were given a score test of intravenous indwelling needle infusion skills and an anonymous questionnaire survey on teaching effects. Results: The results of the skill test showed that the total scores of the control group and the experimental group were (76.73 ± 1.67) and (84.12 ± 1.90), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). According to the questionnaire survey, the percentage of the students in experimental group who had a positive attitude toward teaching methods, interest in learning, self-learning ability, and learning efficiency, was higher than that in the control group, and there was a statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Microteaching can effectively promote the nursing students’ mastery of intravenous indwelling needle infusion skills, stimulate interest in learning, improve self-learning ability, improve learning efficiency and achieve satisfactory teaching effects.

Advantage of B-ultrasound Guidance in Indwelling Needle Puncture of External Jugular Vein for Patients in General ICU

The paper aims to investigate the advantage of B-ultrasound guidance in indwelling needle puncture of external jugular vein in the emergency treatment for critical patients with microcirculation failure. We included 70 microcirculation failure patients induced by different factors and with unclear external jugular veins that were admitted to the general ICU from September 2018 to June 2019 and performed indwelling needle puncture on them. We used random number table to divide the patients into control group and observation group with 35 patients in each group. The control group received traditional indwelling needle puncture and the observation group was given B-ultrasound guided indwelling needle puncture. The success rate, time and cost of indwelling needle puncture of two groups were compared. In the control group, 31 out of 35 cases of indwelling needle puncture were successful. The success rate was 88.6% and the average time consumed in each case was (9.09±2.35) min; in the observation group, 35 out of 35 cases of indwelling needle puncture were successful. The success rate was 100% and the average time consumed in each case was (2.13±0.52) minutes. Statistically, the results of observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.01). In the emergency treatment for critical patients with microcirculation failure, compared with the doctor-guided central venous catheterization, B-ultrasound guided indwelling needle puncture of the external jugular vein has the advantages of high success rate and time efficiency so as to open the vein access for critical patients quickly and help them take the medicine timely, which reduces the pressure of nurses and is well worth clinical application.

Development of Repeatable Microcatheter Access Port for Intra-arterial Therapy of Liver Cancer.

To develop an implantable port in which a microcatheter can be inserted for a combination therapy of repeated transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for advanced liver cancer. The design of a currently used implantable port was modified. A funnel part was constructed in the port. The septum was punctured by a 20-gauge indwelling needle, and 2.0-Fr non-tapered microcatheter was inserted into the port. In the in vitro studies, the advance of a microcatheter out of the funnel part was evaluated via seven different septum puncture sites. A 5-Fr indwelling catheter connected to the port was placed in a vascular model, and a microcatheter catheterization was evaluated. In an in vivo study, the port-catheter system was implanted in the hepatic artery in a pig. A microcatheter was percutaneously inserted through the port into the hepatic arterial branches, and embolization was performed. In the in vitro studies, the microcatheter was smoothly advanced out of the port and catheterizations into the hepatic arteries were successful via all septum puncture sites. In the in vivo study, repeated selective embolization through the port was successfully conducted on 7, 14 and 21days after the implantation. The developed implantable port can be used for repeated catheter insertion into the hepatic artery. The combination of repeated TACE and HAIC could be possible using this device.

Study on the effect of two kinds of transparent dressings in the use of intravenous indwelling needle in restless patients in emergency first aid

Objective To investigate and compare the effect of two kinds of transparent dressings in the use of fixed intravenous indwelling needle in restless patients in emergency first aid. Methods A total of 160 restless patients who were required to use intravenous indwelling needle were randomly divided into conventional dressing group and 3M dressing group by random digits table method, 80 patients in each group. The medical transparent dressings(Specification: 6 cm×7 cm) were used for the patients of conventional dressing group, and 3M dressings(Specification: 6.5 cm×7.0 cm) for 3M dressing group. The fixity time, number of cases intravenous indwelling needle detached, replaced time of transparent dressing, number of crimping cases were compared. Results For the conventional dressing group, fixity time was (19.67±7.02) h, replaced time was (18.92±6.58) h, 15 detached cases and 24 crimping cases happened. While for the 3M dressing group, fixity time was (41.64±17.79) h, replaced time was (41.11±17.76) h, 4 detached cases and 7 crimping cases happened. The difference was statistically significant(t=-10.27, χ2=7.23, t=-10.48, χ2=11.56, all P<0.05). Conclusions 3M transparent dressing is suggested in fixing intravenous indwelling needle in restless patient in emergency first aid. It can ensure the use of intravenous indwelling needle during the period, effectively prevents the needle from detaching due to its good fixation effect. Key words: Emergency service, hospital; Nursing care; Restless; Transparent dressings; Intravenous indwelling needle; Fixation

Acupuncture for reducing pruritus induced by intrathecal morphine at elective cesarean delivery: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial

BackgroundIntrathecal morphine is a standard postoperative analgesic administered after cesarean delivery, but frequently causes pruritus. Acupuncture reportedly resolves refractory pruritus in certain patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in preventing pruritus induced by intrathecal morphine. MethodsThirty parturients received intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (12 mg), fentanyl (10 µg), and morphine (150 µg) for spinal anesthesia at elective cesarean delivery at term. Patients were randomly divided into the acupuncture group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). In the acupuncture and control groups, certified acupuncturists inserted either indwelling press needles or sham needles, into Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Quchi (LI11), and Zhigou (SJ6) on both arms the day before surgery. Needles were removed 48 hours postoperatively. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative pruritus. Adverse effects including nausea and vomiting were also investigated. ResultsThere were no significant differences between the acupuncture group and the control group in the incidence of pruritus (67% vs. 67%, P=1.000, RR 1.0 [95% CI 0.60 to 1.66]) or the requirement for antipruritic therapy (6.7% vs. 20.0%, P=0.283, RR 0.33 [95% CI 0.04 to 2.85]). The incidence of postoperative nausea in the acupuncture group versus control group was 40.0% vs. 13.3%, P=0.099, RR 3.0 [95% CI 0.72 to 12.6]). The postoperative analgesic effect was comparable. ConclusionPreoperatively administered acupuncture using press needles did not decrease intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus or the requirement for treatment.

Application of meticulous management in safety construction of intravenous infusion

For the safety problems of internal medicine intravenous infusion, we carry out meticulous management, establish quality control system of intravenous infusion safety management, and formulate quality control plan. We collect and analyse the potential unsafety factors in the various departments of internal medicine. We have revised the intravenous infusion system and procedures,formulated standards for safety inspection of intravenous fluids, and standardized the admission system for nurses. We carry out training on intravenous infusion related knowledge for nursing staff, carry out meticulous management of venous transfusion links, and actively carry out learning and communication. All these measures have greatly enhanced the safety awareness of the nursing staff. The safety index of intravenous infusion for liver diseases was preliminarily summarized. The use rate of the safe indwelling needle was increased from 30.60% to 92.30%, the rate of appropriate rate of drop speed increased from 68.45% to 93.20%, the three sign standard rate rose from 75.20% to 95.10%, and the patient’s satisfaction with infusion increased from 85.60% to 96.82%. Meticulous management can improve the safety of the internal medicine intravenous infusion as a whole. Key words: Risk assessment; Meticulous management; Intravenous infusion safety

Evaluation on the modified method in fixation of venous indwelling needle for pediatric patients

Evaluation on the modified method in fixation of venous indwelling needle for pediatric patients

Effect and safety of medical elastic net bandage on fixing limb venous indwelling needle for newborns

Objective To discuss about the effect and safety of medical elastic net bandage on fixing limb venous indwelling needle for newborns. Methods A total of 120 newborns hospitalized in the pediatric department of this center from September 2012 to December 2015 were selected as study objects.Random number table was used to divide into intervention group and control group (60 cases each).3 M surgical dressing with gauze fixation method was used for the venous indwelling needle of newborns in control group and 3 M transparent surgical dressing with elastic net bandage fixation method was used for the venous indwelling needle of newborns in intervention group.The fixation effect, retention time and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results 54 cases had successful fixation in intervention group, 2 cases had secondary fixation, 3 cases had indwelling needle falling-off and 1 case had transfusion leakage.40 cases of control group had successful fixation, 8 cases had secondary fixation, 7 cases had indwelling needle falling-off and 5 cases had transfusion leakage.Compared with the control group, the fixation success rate of intervention increased obviously, the occurrence rate of secondary fixation, indwelling needle falling-off and transfusion leakage reduced obviously, and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the indwelling time of limb venous indwelling needle to the child patients of intervention group was obviously extended.For the part of indwelling needle of child patients in intervention group, 1 case(1.67%) had skin allergy, 1 case(1.67%) had leakage swelling, and the total occurrence rate was 3.34%.For the part of indwelling needle of child patients in control group, 3 cases(5.00%) had skin allergy, 1 case(1.67%) had infection, 2 cases(3.33%) had leakage swelling, and the total occurrence rate was 10.00%.Compared with control group, the total incidence of adverse reactions of children in the intervention group decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Medical elastic mesh bandage used in fixed newborn body can significantly extend the indwelling venous indwelling needle indwelling time, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.It is safe and effective, and it is worthy of clinical popularization and application. Key words: Medical elastic net bandage; Newborn; Limb vein indwelling needle; Application effect

Creation of a Rodent Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Blocking Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Perfusion

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This article introduces and describes a standard protocol used to induce AAAs through adventitial VV hypoperfusion created with a combination of polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The protocol involves the use of male rats weighing 300-400 g, which are provided food and water ad libitum. After laparotomy with a ventral midline abdominal incision, exfoliation of the aorta is performed, which blocks blood flow from the perivascular tissue. Aortotomy involving a small incision adjacent to the renal artery branches is performed, and a polyurethane catheter is inserted using an 18-gauge indwelling needle. After repairing the incision, tight ligation of the aorta over the catheter blocks VV blood flow from the proximal direction through the aortic wall without disturbing the aortic blood flow. This technique can induce an AAA with progressive aortic dilatation. The greatest benefit of this model is that VV hypoperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and the development of an infrarenal AAA, which has morphological and pathological characteristics similar to those of a human AAA.

Creation of a Rodent Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Blocking Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Perfusion.

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This article introduces and describes a standard protocol used to induce AAAs through adventitial VV hypoperfusion created with a combination of polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.The protocol involves the use of male rats weighing 300-400 g, which are provided food and water ad libitum. After laparotomy with a ventral midline abdominal incision, exfoliation of the aorta is performed, which blocks blood flow from the perivascular tissue. Aortotomy involving a small incision adjacent to the renal artery branches is performed, and a polyurethane catheter is inserted using an 18-gauge indwelling needle. After repairing the incision, tight ligation of the aorta over the catheter blocks VV blood flow from the proximal direction through the aortic wall without disturbing the aortic blood flow. This technique can induce an AAA with progressive aortic dilatation.The greatest benefit of this model is that VV hypoperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and the development of an infrarenal AAA, which has morphological and pathological characteristics similar to those of a human AAA.

Clinical study of Arteriovenous needle used in rescuing patients with hemorrhagic shock

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of subclavian vein puncture with 16 G arteriovenous indwelling needle for emergency treatment of hemorrhagic shock, so as to provide a new approach for the rapid establishment of deep venous passage. Methods 80 patients with acute hemorrhagic shock were randomly divided into patients with arteriovenous indwelling needle group(catheter group) and conventional guide wire deep vein puncture group(routine puncture group), 40 cases in each group.The two groups were treated with supraclavicular subclavian vein puncture.The operation time, success rate of the first puncture, puncture times and rehydration rate, incidence of complications were observed in the two groups. Results The operation time of indwelling needle group was (62±22)s, which was significantly shorter than (672±178)s of the conventional puncture group, there was significant difference between the two groups(t=15.062, P=0.000). The first time success rate of puncture in the indwelling needle group was 70%(28 cases), which in the conventional group was 80%( 32 cases), the difference was not statistically significant(χ2=1.067, P=0.439), all patients were in 3 attempts in successful puncture.The velocity of infusion of 500 mL hydroxyethyl starch in the indwelling needle group was (198±51)s, which was better than (456±86)s in the conventional puncture group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=9.318, P=0.000). The two groups had no deep vein puncture related complications. Conclusion Arteriovenous indwelling needle by supraclavicular subclavian vein puncture with conventional guide wire supraclavicular subclavian vein puncture catheter can be used for emergency treatment of hemorrhagic shock, but the indwelling needle group in the operation time and velocity is superior to conventional guide wire group, more suitable for the rescue of patients with acute hemorrhagic shock time is pressing, stay with stable circulation can be through the guide wire inserted catheter indwelling subclavian vein catheter. Key words: Injections, intravenous; Injections, intra-arterial; Venepuncture; Subclavian vein; Shock, hemorrhagic

P1.16-023 A Useful and Safe Method of Intraoperative Localization of Small-Sized Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions

Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided marking is a useful method of intraoperative localization of small-sized peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, severe complications may be caused by visceral pleura puncture. Therefore, we report the safe method without visceral pleura puncture. The subjects were from November 2016 to May 2017, 6 males and 5 females, average age 70.7 years (59-86 years), total 11 cases of 12 lesions; 6 cases on the right (1 case: 2 lesions in the same lobe), 5 cases on the left. Before the operation, with the CT-guided, marking on the body surface near the lesion was performed. In cases where ports can be inserted at the marking section, we inserted the ports with both lung ventilation and marked directly on the lung surface. On the other hand, in case of difficult to insert, first we punctured a venous indwelling needle from the marking point and indwelled the outer tube. Second, with both lung ventilation, we inserted a infant nutrition catheter with crystal violet on the tip, and marked the lung surface. Third, we localized the lesion by palpation using marking as an index with partial lung ventilation. And finally, lung partial resection was performed. We were able to localize the lesions in all cases, the average operation time was 80 minutes (37 to 147 minutes), and there were no complications during the perioperative period. The resected lesion had an average diameter of 8.8 mm (3 to 16 mm). Our method is considered to be quite useful and safe in intraoperative localization of small-sized peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Experimental research on preventing mechanical phlebitis arising from indwelling needles in intravenous therapy by external application of mirabilite.

Various types of complications arising from intravenous indwelling needles have become a challenge in clinical care. It is urgent to seek a simple and cost-effective method for prevention and treatment of phlebitis. We investigated the roles of mirabilite in preventing and treating phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needles and provide guidance for prevention and treatment of mechanical phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needles. A total of 57 healthy congeneric big-eared New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank control, indwelling needle, and group with external application of mirabilite. The ear vein of each rabbit was punctured with an intravenous indwelling needle. The ear vein specimens were taken at 3, 5, and 7 days after indwelling. The hematoxylin and eosin stained pathological tissue sections of the ear veins of the rabbits in each group were observed. The expression levels of IL-1 and IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the vascular tissue of the ear veins of the rabbits in each group were detected with the immunofluorescence method. In the blank control group, there was no inflammatory cellular infiltration and no proliferation of fibrous tissue around the vascular wall. With the increase of the indwelling time, proliferation of fibrous tissue in vascular wall, increased inflammatory cellular infiltration and organized thrombus in the vascular tissue occurred in the ear veins of the rabbits in the indwelling needle group and group with external application of mirabilite. Compared with the indwelling needle group, the group with external application of mirabilite had significantly decreased fibrous tissue in the vascular wall and significantly decreased inflammatory cellular infiltration. At the same point in indwelling time, the expression levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the indwelling needle and group with external application of mirabilite were significantly higher than that in the blank control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the group with external application of mirabilite were lower than that in the indwelling needle group (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α are positively correlated with the indwelling time within the same group at different points in time. In conclusion, external application of mirabilite can significantly decrease infiltration of venous inflammatory cells of the rabbit ear margin, proliferation of fibrous tissue and thrombosis in the vascular wall, significant decrease the expression levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the mechanical phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needles, and decrease the inflammatory responses of the ear veins of rabbits.