Industrial Units Research Articles

IoT Sensor Data Retrieval and Analysis in Cloud Environments for Enhanced Power Management

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings new products to everyone to improve daily life. Concurrently other emerging technologies, including Big Data, Cloud Services, and surveillance, can participate through these technological advances. This research work explores the synergies among four systems to identify their shared functionalities and integrate them to create useful potential applications. Despite the limitations of the smart city concept, researchers would seek innovative methods to collect and process sensor information within an IoT-enabled smart building. A cornerstone of the proposed system is the utilization of cloud services as the foundational technology for a schema management platform. This platform efficiently gathers data generated by sensors within smart industrial units. Leveraging the capabilities of IoT technology, the data can be remotely managed and accessed using mobile devices with network connectivity. The proposed work addresses the challenges related with the smart city perception and supports for revolutionary approaches in the collection and manipulation of IoT Sensor data. By doing so, it imagines the creation of green, smart schemes that contribute to sustainable urban development.

Kinetic modeling of a Claus reaction furnace and waste heat boiler: Effects of H2S/CO2 and H2S/H2O ratio on the production of hazardous gases in an industrial sulfur recovery unit

In this study, the reaction furnace (RF) and waste heat boiler (WHB) were modeled using a kinetic model developed from key reactions to determine how the input feed in the various acid gas scenarios affects the Sulfur Recovery Unit's (SRU's) thermal stage for industrial application. The modeling results showed that, while keeping other parameters constant, a decrease in the H2S/CO2 and H2S/H2O ratios leads to an increase in the production of hazardous gases such as CO, SO2, and COS in the Waste Heat Boiler (WHB). Consequently, this leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU). When the temperature profile is altered, the Claus reaction pathway changes unfavorably, consequently affecting the overall efficiency of the Claus process. The accuracy of the kinetic model decreases as the acid gas becomes more dilute, significantly impacting the temperature profile. The accuracy of these results was confirmed through industrial data spanning from typical acid gas to sweet gas, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) ranging from 26.18 to 47.37.

A machine learning approach for modelling and optimization of complex systems: Application to condensate stabilizer plants

AbstractRecent advancements in supervised machine learning tools have demonstrated their ability to achieve accurate and efficient prediction results. In this paper, we leverage these tools as alternative approaches to model a specific application in the gas industry, based on operating data. The chosen application is a natural gas condensate stabilization process, in which light end components are removed to reduce condensate vapour pressure, meeting storage and transportation specifications. Here, we develop and evaluate various supervised machine learning models to predict the performance of two industrial condensate stabilizer units. By utilizing large datasets from these units and encompassing comprehensive operating data of input–output variables, we not only demonstrate the capability of these techniques to offer reliable and accurate predictions but also shed light on their potential impacts and implementations. The impacts of applying selected AI and machine learning algorithms are two‐fold. First, our research presents an innovative approach to process modelling and optimization in the gas industry, showing the potential for enhanced operational efficiency, profitability, and safety. Second, we propose a data‐driven surrogate‐based optimization framework, where the generated machine learning models can replace detailed first‐principle models, offering a streamlined method to find optimal values for variables to reduce operational energy consumption. Furthermore, we address the validation requirements of our machine learning models, ensuring their robustness and reliability in real‐world applications. By incorporating rigorous validation procedures, we guarantee the quality of our predictions and support their practical implementation. In conclusion, our research not only highlights the capabilities of machine learning in gas industry applications but also emphasizes their potential impacts and contributions to operational excellence. So, the presented approach can pave the way for improved performance, efficiency, and profitability in the gas industry.

Monitoring Net Land Take in a Metropolitan Region—Portugal

This study seeks to contribute to the definition of a “no net land take” policy by 2050 for Portugal’s second-largest metropolitan region (AMP, Porto Metropolitan Area) while sensitising those involved in regional and local planning to the European target. Based on an assessment of land use changes in AMP and its municipalities during 2007–2018, soil sealing levels in 2018 and population evolution, the study quantifies the processes that may impart achievement of the 2050 objective and identifies the regional drivers of net land take, to support the definition of both interventions to decrease land take and soil sealing and related targets. The main contribution of the research is the exploration of new indicators in terms of soil sealing and population data to identify the potential for implementing interventions proposed by the EU Soil Strategy that do not jeopardise the maintenance of biodiversity in urban areas. The land take rate in the AMP was the highest among mainland Portugal regions. Its main drivers were the development of transport networks, industrial and commercial units and dispersed housing. The reuse and re-naturalisation of artificial land have seen little use in the region. Accordingly, the daily net land taken in the AMP (0.59 ha/day) still needs to decrease until 2050. While artificial land increased across the AMP, most of its municipalities lost population. To reverse this trend, the AMP should implement tighter control mechanisms that ensure that infrastructure and housing needs are fully met through the reuse of urban areas that are already sealed. However, given that the share of impermeable soil in most urban areas is already significantly high, there will have to be a careful choice of locations where intensifying land use will cause less environmental damage. It is concluded that the degree of soil sealing within urban areas is fundamental for deciding on the interventions to be carried out to reduce net land take and for defining a policy towards meeting the 2050 target.

Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example

In this study, the effect of urban sprawl on land change in Istanbul was examined using Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data set produced for the years 1990-2018 and population information. According to this; It has been determined that urban sprawl in the study area has increased due to population growth, especially industrial units, city structures, mines and construction sites have increased by approximately 9%, while maquis areas, arable, mixed agricultural areas and forest areas have decreased by 9%. According to the K-means application, similarities in the districts were revealed between 1990 and 2018. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the districts that were in clusters with similar characteristics in the 1990s changed over time and were located in different clusters. As a result, it is predicted in the study that urban sprawl will increase further due to population growth in Istanbul.

Electrodialysis for sustainable management of seawater-brine: Increasing water recovery via production of hypersaline solution for brine-mining processes

The adoption of desalination processes for the production of fresh water is one of the main solutions to water scarcity. Desalination recovers fresh water from saline solutions, yet increasing their concentration during the process and producing a brine. The latter can have an environmental impact when discharged, thus requiring suitable disposal strategies or post-treatments.Among the processes reported in the literature, in this study, electrodialysis (ED) is studied as possible technology to be coupled to a standard desalination process in order to increase the global water recovery and produce hypersaline solution for subsequent brine-mining processes for the recovery of useful minerals. The performance in terms of Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), Total Recovery Ratio (RRTOT) and Additional Levelized Cost Of Treatment (ALCOT) are assessed by considering industrial ED unit equipped with standard membranes and high-performing membranes. The influence of operating conditions such as electric voltage, electric current and solutions residence time on the performance of the system is investigated. Results reveal that, in the best conditions, a RRTOT between 55 % and 78 % is achieved with SEC in the range of 0.5–1.9 kWh·m−3P and with ALCOT in between 0.10 €·m−3P and 0.21 €·m−3P. The integration of electrodialysis into standard desalination processes improves the efficiency and the sustainability of desalination, minimizing waste (zero-liquid discharge) and increasing productivity.

Efficient recycling and conversion of CO2 to methanol: Process design and environmental assessment

Carbon capture and carbon reuse in the chemical plants is one of the attractive prospective approaches to decrease the concerns about global warming and climate change. In the present study, is focused on the synthesis gas production from carbon dioxide in a methanol synthesis plant. In this regard, two methanol processes are proposed based on CO2 separation, recycling, and reforming. In the first scenario, CO2 is separated and recycled to the conventional reformer, while the process is equipped by a CO2 separation unit and dry methane reformer in the second scenario. The proposed processes are simulated and a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigated the effect of inputs on methanol productivity and carbon conversion. The operational parameters of proposed processes are optimized to enhance methanol productivity and CO2 conversion. Then, the processes are compared from energy efficiency, carbon efficiency, CO2 emission rate and methanol productivity viewpoints. The results showed that, in the second proposed scenario, methanol production rate approach to 5367 tons per day in comparison to 5030 tons per day for industrial unit. In addition, modification of conventional methanol process based on the second scenario could decrease CO2 emission rate about 56 tons per day.

Synergistic potency of ultrasound and solar energy towards oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol: a chemometrics approach.

Industrial units based on chemical processes-the textile and paper industries-are major sources of chlorophenols in the environment, and chlorophenolic compounds persist within the environment for a long time with high toxicity levels. The photo-assisted Fenton's and photocatalysis processes were investigated for the degradation of chlorophenols in the present study. Response surface methodology was employed to get optimised conditions for photocatalysis and photo-Fenton process-governing factors, thus, yielding a profound removal efficiency. Under optimised conditions, with a photocatalyst dose of 0.2 g/L, oxidant concentration of 10.0 mM and pH 5.0, complete removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was observed in 210 minutes in photocatalytic treatment. In the case of the photo-Fenton process, at an H2O2 dose of 5.0 mM and Fe2+ concentration of 0.5 mM, the organic pollutant was eliminated within 5 minutes of reaction time under acidic conditions (pH 3.0). The RSM model reported the perfect fit of experimental data with the predicted response. Among different isotherm models, the Langmuir isotherm was the best fit. The process followed pseudo-first order rate kinetics among various kinetics models. For the obtained optimised conditions, sonication and solar energy-driven processes were incorporated to study enhanced mineralisation. The solar-assisted Fenton process reported maximum mineralisation (90%) and cost-effective ($0.01/litre for 100 mg/L 2,4-DCP) treatment among different hybrid oxidation processes. The work provides insight into harnessing the naturally available solar energy, reducing the overall treatment cost and opting for a sustainable treatment method.

The COVID-19 lockdown induced changes of SO2 pollution in its Human-made global hotspots

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a hazardous air pollutant, which is mostly emitted from burning of fossil fuels, and has an adverse impact on the human health and ecosystem functioning. The COVID-19 natural anthropause (lockdown) provides a great opportunity to understand the changes in SO2 pollution across the globe, as there was a temporary standstill for most human activities. Therefore, we analyse the changes in global SO₂ pollution during lockdown compared to pre-lockdown and identify its hotspots driven by human activities using satellite measurements, reanalysis data and emission inventory. We observe a decline in SO₂ pollution of about 2.21 % in its global average, −21.05 % in Indo-Gangatic Plain, −16 % in East China, −7.67 % in East United States of America, −3.99 % in Western Europe and −3.85 % in Middle East owing to the halt in human activities such as industrial and transport operations, as found from the emissions inventory. There are point and aerial hotspots of SO₂ pollution across the globe (e.g. cities or industrial units), which also show a decrease (20–30 %) in SO₂ pollution during the anthropause. Fossil fuel burning in thermal power plants is a major source of SO2 pollution, and it has declined notably (1–12 %) during the lockdown in the major coal consuming countries such as the United States, China, Japan, Canada, Brazil, Australia, France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom. Therefore, lockdown provides a clear understanding of global human-driven hotspots of SO₂ pollution and their changes, which would help us to make better and effective air pollution mitigation strategies.

Optimal industrial localization by using geographic information systems in the Nador province (northeast of Morocco)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is one of the most accurate, analytical, results-based, and decision-making tools. In this context, we will try to apply this technique to the best geographical locations for the construction of industrial units in the Nador region (north-eastern Morocco); But these units vary according to the manufacturing branches. The factors in control of light industries vary compared to heavy industries. considerations in the localization of building materials units vary compared to textile units. Thus, the criteria adopted in the localization of industrial units and their indicators differ. We decided to determine several factors that influence plant location, such as proximity to industrial units, proximity standards to cities, road density, topography nature, ports, raw materials, railways, and other factors. We find that the prime locations for establishing industrial facilities and developing industrial zones are the geographical regions neighboring the town of Selouane. The most significant areas for industrial investment cover approximately 1469 hectares, notably the flatlands to the west of Selouane. Additionally, there are well-suited areas such as Azgangan, Beni Ansar, and Zaio, totaling approximately 14,211 hectares in the outskirts of these town.

Sulphur attack on RCC wall of sulphur pit

Sulphur attack is not a very popular damage mechanism in Reinformed Cement Concrete (RCC) structures. For Sulphur Recovery Units (SRU) of Hydrocarbon Processing Industry, it is not so. Here concrete pits are used for storing molten sulphur and hence concrete is exposed to corrosive materials. In BPCL- Kochi Refinery, during an internal inspection of a sulphur pit, bulging was noticed on the acid resistant brick lining. After removal of brick lining, sulphur attack was observed on RCC walls of pit. Full repair and refurbishment of the wall was carried out accordingly. As a case study approach, this paper deals with various aspects of sulphur attack on concrete including symptoms, damage patterns etc. It also includes materials & methodology adopted in refurbishment jobs. The paper shall impart awareness about sulphur attack damages to industry/technical experts.

The variety of models of terminological units of the hydraulic engineering industry and the sphere of state and municipal procurement

The relevance of the study lies in clarifying the terminological status of newly formed units and describing the variety of ways to replenish terminological systems. The subject of the study is the models of terminological units of hydraulic engineering and procurement for state and municipal needs. The aim of the work is to represent the methods of derivation in the language of hydraulic engineering, as well as to identify and classify specific terminological combinations of these industries. The conducted research also made it possible to clarify the criteria for assigning terminological names to the following classes of words: term, quasi-term, pre-term. Practical significance implies the application of the results in the compilation of databases and materials for teaching professional communication in foreign languages. The perspective of the study is a contrastive analysis of these terminological systems in two or more languages in order to clarify the translation of terminological units. The structural features of the terminological units are determined using contrastive analysis. The selection and comparison of terminological units were carried out on the basis of a solid sample of normative documents from the studied industries. The statistical analysis data demonstrated the frequency of formation of two-, three-, four-, etc. terminological names in hydraulic engineering and in the field of procurement. Practical significance implies the application of the results in the compilation of databases and materials for teaching professional communication in foreign languages. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the accuracy of expressing the concepts of the new sphere of procurement for state and municipal needs is achieved through verbose models, the components of which are combined by an obligatory valence. The peculiarities of the hydraulic terminological system are the absence of five-, six- and seven-component models, which is largely compensated by the wealth of derivational means and is due to the "age" of this industry. The novelty of the work is determined by several factors: firstly, the terminological status of the quasi-term and pre-term is clarified, and secondly, the criterion of mandatory valence is justified to determine a verbose combination of words as a stable terminological name.

THE AGITATION TEXTILE OF 1920–1930 YEARS: TO THE QUESTION OF THE CENTRAL DRAW WORKSHOP OF IVANOVO-VOZNESENSK STATE TEXTILE TRUST HISTORY

The article is devoted to the Central Draw workshop of Ivanovo-Voznesensk State Textile Trust. It is the first try to examine the community of the artists as the phenomenon of the local industrial history. To solve the problem the sources of the Ivanovo State Museum of local history documentary fund and the Head of the workshop P. Leonov’s book of notes from a private collection were used. The common central draw workshop establishment contributed to the strengthening of the Trust role as the industrial commercial unit. The drawings developed in the workshop were put into production at several factories of the region, the textile was sold under the Ivanovo-Voznesensk State Textile Trust brand and the drawings individuality was leveled. The Drawing Workshop regulated and ruled the process of textile ornament creation in the Ivanovo-Voznesensk region. Its development determinates the periods of the region textile design school development. Peter Leonov the leader of the Drawing wokshop played the great role in its forming mostly determinate the HR policy. The article contains a lot of documental material that shows the artists stuff of the workshop, their service records, salaries and some other aspects. It deals the works of the several artists who has put a special track in the regional industrial design. V. Maslov and F. Antonov’s textile ornament sketches are published for the first time and introduced into the scientific turnover. It was joined the collection of Burylin museum in 2020. The work is important for the attribution of the agitation textile manufactured in Ivanovo and illustrates the main stages of the Ivanovo agitation ornament development.

Modeling the Investment Efficiency and Risk Assessment of Great Health Industry in the Context of Digital Economy

Abstract With the development of the economy and society, people pay more and more attention to physical health. In order to make the big health enterprises in the long term at the level of smooth development, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth study on the investment efficiency and potential risk of the big health industry. This study constructs an investment efficiency evaluation method based on the DEA model. Firstly, the comprehensive efficiency is decomposed through the CCR model to further obtain the output results. Then, the effectiveness of enterprise investment is evaluated. The changes in the investment efficiency of the big health industry and other sample decision-making units are analyzed through the DEA-Malmquist model to output the trend of the overall investment efficiency. Logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest models are used to assess the risk of the large health industry, respectively, and several classifiers are trained. When predicting the final sample, the voting or mean value method is used to count the effect of classification. The overall mean value of big health enterprises hovered between 0.96 and 0.98 in five years, indicating that the comprehensive investment efficiency of the big health industry is relatively stable. The average AUC value of the random forest model is 0.635, which is 0.028 higher than the average AUC value of the support vector machine; thus, it is concluded that there is no great fluctuation in the investment efficiency of the big health industry under the background of the digital economy, and the random forest model is more suitable for the risk assessment of the big health industry.

Engineering Management Capability Enhancement of Provincial Industry Units: A Strategic Perspective

Engineering Management Capability Enhancement of Provincial Industry Units: A Strategic Perspective

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯРИНКУПРАЦІУ СІЛЬСЬКОМУ ГОСПОДАРСТВІ УКРАЇНИВУМОВАХВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Abstract. The article examines the problems of the deterioration of the Ukrainian labor market in rural areas during the implementation of martial law, analyzes the main changes that have taken place in the labor market, develops proposals for improving the state regulation of the labor market and directions for its stabilization.Today, in Ukraine, an important factor is the formation of the national market, based on the economic characteristics of the industry and taking into account the international experience of markets, in particular the labor market in rural areas.The peculiarities of the labor market in rural areas, along with the general ones, give rise to specific problems that require more thorough research and justification of the regulation of thistype of market as a permanent process of managing its functioning in order to ensure the positive evolutionary development of labor relations in various areas of the rural economy.The armed conflict caused the destruction of transport, social, and industrial infrastructure and significantly affected the real sector of the economy. All this slowed down economic activity inthe region and caused certain structural changes in the employment of the population, that is, only increased the variation in the sectoral structure of employment, which is most often associated with the political situation for a certain time.We see that there is a decline in the prestige of some professions and the growth of specialists in the direction of professionally mobile workers. Due to the lack of financial resources, employers are limited in their ability to expand their staff, so the demand is not for the number ofworkers, but for skills and qualifications, which is growing quite quickly.Real successes of effective policies on the labor market can be considered only those for which the costs of their implementation are more effective compared to the costs associated with unemployment. Therefore, estimates of the cost of the programs and the actual reduction in unemployment resulting from such policies are needed.According to the UN, since the beginning of the war, almost 7 million people have left our country, about 4 million Ukrainians have registered for temporary residence in EU countries.The start of the war and the introduction of martial law became the main factor affecting the state of the labor market in Ukraine. The following changes took place in the labor market:1. Competition on the market has increased significantly, due to the migration of the population from the occupied territories to the western and central regions of the country, stricter requirements have been imposed on employers in the selection of personnel, as a result, the workload for one workplace has increased.2. Changes in the structure of the country's labor potential, the number of the unemployed population increases, as a result of the destruction of industrial units or forced shutdown of enterprises during military operations. That is, the rate of migration of the population abroad decreased, 7 million people went abroad (according to UN data), which may lead to a labor shortage in the future.3. We observe the differentiation of the salary level and job offers relative to the regions.That is why the effectiveness of the state regulation of the labor market will largely depend on the interaction of local authorities with employers, business structures, territorial communities, and further research can provide a methodological basis, a mechanism for regulating regional labor markets.With the beginning of the war and the introduction of martial law, the labor market suffered significant losses and, according to the conclusions of many experts, there is no point in counting on the situation to improve.Keywords: labor market, rural area, government regulation, mechanism, martial law.

Testing the S-Curve Theory in OEM for Lean Operations: A Study on Organizational Transformation in the VUCA World

As the world is becoming more VUCA, only a few studies focus on exploring the plant performance and mapping its pattern in real time. The existing study shows that plant performance can be linked to an S-curve theory. This is mainly due to market turbulence, demand for continuous improvement, and the introduction of emerging technologies. Taking this idea, in this article, we focus on testing the S-curve in the lean deployment of an OEM. The study proposes integrating lean tools with decision-making techniques to achieve productivity benefits. The proposed method uses VSM to portray the changeover activities and standardize them using the SMED technique to reduce the changeover time alongside other continuous improvement suggestions. This provides real-time active solutions for decision making, prediction, and planning of resources. It also assists the industrial units in getting better insights into their productivity improvization and market evaluation trends. The study proposed an IoT-driven ecosystem for effective decision making in the OEM environment. Finally, the study is tested in an automotive OEM that has reduced changeover time by > 75% and an overall productivity increase of 27.31%. Such an ecosystem contributes to organizational transformation and promotes innovation in OEM.

Modeling the gas and liquid flow in the channels of the microplasmatron that is a plasma unit for applying fine coatings

This article describes a mathematical model of the flow of working gas and coolant in the channels of the microplasmatron of an industrial unit for the plasma application of fine coatings to confirm the performance of the installation. The unit is designed for applying protective coatings that make it possible to strengthen the surface of a certain part, which subsequently makes it possible to increase its service life. For convenience, the study is carried out in the universal Ansys Fluent software module, which has a wide range of capabilities for modeling the flow of liquids and gases, allowing one to identify the dominant physical phenomena occurring in the installation. As a result, calculation results were obtained in the form of distributions of temperatures, velocities and pressures within the volume of the working area of gas and liquid, and the operability of the installation element was confirmed.

SAFETY AND WORK ORGANIZATION DURING THE ASSEMBLY OF VIBRATING DELIVERY AND LOADING EQUIPMENT IN THE MINING INDUSTRY

This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of technological and organizational aspects of installation of vibratory delivery and loading units (VDLU) during the extraction of magnetite quartzite by underground mining in the mining industry. Objective. The article is aimed at considering the technological and organizational aspects of the installation of vibratory conveying and loading units (VCLU) in the mining industry, in particular, in the extraction of magnetite quartzite by underground mining. The main goal is to identify and reduce the risks to workers associated with the installation of these units. Methodology. The study includes a detailed analysis of the technological processes of magnetite quartzite mining and installation of VDNU-4TX. The Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method was used to identify potential hazards and determine ways to eliminate them in industrial processes. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm that VDNU-4TX is a reliable and efficient means of transporting magnetite quartzite. However, the installation of these units introduces risks for workers, which requires a detailed analysis and measures to reduce these risks. Research implications. The study points to potential occupational hazards and ways to eliminate or minimize them. The list of hazards includes working at heights, working with power tools, the possibility of falling objects, overhanging pieces of rock, fires, and others. Originality and significance of the results. The originality of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of technological processes and risks associated with the use of VDNU-4TX in the extraction of magnetite quartzite. The significance of the results lies in the possibility of improving labor safety and mining efficiency in the mining industry.

Understanding the Reliability of the Complex System Having Two Standby Units: A Transdisciplinary Approach

The main objective of this study is to thoroughly investigate the reliability of a complex system that consists of four components and two standby units. The complicated system is modeled using the Markov technique. The study formulates differential equations and solves them using a matrix method with the assistance of a computer program. Statistical methods, such as correlation and regression, are applied using SPSS software to understand the relationship between time and the reliability of this complex system. A statistical model is utilized to determine the system's reliability, identify potentially faulty components, and prioritize the protection of the most critical elements. The presentation of significant findings involves conducting a comprehensive analysis using tables and graphs created with Python programming language. The outcomes of this study aim to assist in identifying crucial units in various process industries, thereby facilitating the establishment of effective management policies and strategies for the optimal operation of complex and large-scale systems in the industry. This paper incorporates numerous disciplines, viewpoints, and methodologies to examine and enhance reliability in process industries. Reliability can indeed benefit from a matrix approach, which can be considered transdisciplinary. This study serves as both an introductory guide to reliability analysis for novice researchers and a survey highlighting the latest advancements in the field for experienced researchers.