Industry Standards Research Articles

Lavender essential oil market integrity: A comprehensive study of commercial Lavandula angustifolia essential oils adulteration and assessment of industrial standards

Adulteration of essential oils (EOs) is a common and unethical practice that affects both consumers and honest suppliers and harms market integrity. Despite the awareness of this problem, scarce scientific studies are described in the scientific literature. Therefore, 55 samples of lavender EOs were purchased and extensively analyzed to the trace levels, including chromatographic profile, quantitative analysis, and chiral profile. Of the 51 samples labeled as Lavandula angustifolia, 51 % were genuine, 6 % were cheaper lavandin EO, 14 % were fortified with synthetic additives and over 29 % of the samples were adulterated with both lavandin EO and synthetics. Usually, adulterated EOs were cheaper than genuine products, still some expensive products were also falsified. The most common synthetic adulterants were synthetic linalool and linalyl acetate, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acetate, α-terpinyl acetate, and dipropylene glycol. Only four of the studied samples were diluted with a medium not fully visible in the recorded GC profile. Industry standards were assessed to eliminate adulterated EOs and ISO 3515 was found to be impractical and too strict, but Ph. Eur. demonstrated its efficiency in eliminating adulterated samples without rejecting many genuine ones.PCA enabled the differentiation of lavender EOs containing synthetics from those of purely natural origin, and in the latter group, to distinguish L. angustifolia from lavandin. Some samples had an unusual composition suggesting that they were artificial blends of synthetics and some terpene fractions of non-lavender origin.This is the first such extensive study of adulteration of lavender EOs, regarding both the number of commercial samples as well as implications on their biological activity. The adulteration via dilution influenced the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils. In conclusion, adulteration is a significant problem in the market, and a large share of products on the market is somehow counterfeited, not only the cheapest products.

Penambahan Media Kapas Dan Kerikil Pada Multi Tray Aerator Untuk Pengolahan Air Daerah Rususnawa Untan Dalam Mengurangi Kandungan Logam Sebagai Pre-treatment Pada Sistem Membran RO

Rivers are surface water used for public purposes. Rivers are used for water storage, transportation, irrigation, livestock, industry, housing, water availability, fish rearing and recreation. Various activities carried out in the river cause pollution and have an impact on the decline in water quality, such as in Sepakat 2 river water which is used by the surrounding community for daily needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the Fe contained in Sepakat 2 river water and the effectiveness of using multi tray aerators with the addition of cotton and gravel media in reducing iron levels. Processing of Sepakat 2 river water through a pretreatment process using a 5-level multi tray aerator method and 6 perforated trays to drop water to the bottom of the container, then the water that has been aerated is collected in a box and deposited for 1 and 2 hours after which the water is taken and stored using a bottle container to be analyzed by the Pontianak Industrial Standardization and Services Center Laboratory. The results of this study are the quality of river water Sepakat 2 iron levels 6.37 mg / L before processing, after aeration 4.99 mg / L, after settling 1 and 2 hours with the same value of 5.09 mg / L. The efficiency of the multi tray aerator tool to reduce iron parameters from iron by 20.09%, TDS 52.1%, mercury (Hg) 43.08% and salinity is 63.3%.

Comprehensive Analysis of Needle Bearing Failures in Fuel Transfer Pumps: Insights from Testing and Finite Element Analysis

<div>This study investigates the failure mechanisms of needle bearings within fuel transfer pump assemblies through a comprehensive approach combining endurance testing, detailed inspection, the Dykem blue method, proximity sensors, and finite element analysis (FEA). The findings reveal critical insights into the causes of failure, highlighting significant axial displacement, with a maximum of 0.37 mm measured by proximity sensors. The Dykem technique identified distinct wear patterns across various components, pinpointing areas of high stress and potential failure. Detailed bearing inspections uncovered trunnion damage and abrasive wear, corroborated by FEA, which quantified displacements of 0.144 mm in the x-direction, 0.030 mm in the y-direction, and 0.015 mm in the z-direction. The primary operational factors contributing to bearing failure were contamination and inadequate axial control. These insights are pivotal, as they align with and expand upon established literature on bearing failures, providing a deeper understanding of the interplay between mechanical wear and operational conditions. Despite the robustness of the methodology, challenges included ensuring the accuracy of axial displacement measurements and replicating real-world operational stresses in a controlled environment. The study proposes several recommendations to enhance axial support and optimize system design to mitigate the identified issues. The societal impact of this research is significant, offering potential improvements in machinery reliability, which can lead to enhanced industrial efficiency and safety standards. This work advances the current knowledge in the field and provides practical solutions for extending the lifespan and performance of critical mechanical components in fuel transfer systems.</div>

Disruptive production process innovation for sustainable business: evidence from an emerging economy

PurposeThe study aimed to develop a disruptive production process innovation model from an emerging economy's agro-based dairy farming perspective based on the case of a Bangladeshi model dairy farm named Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CBBDF), Savar, Dhaka.Design/methodology/approachThe study used qualitative in-depth interviews, participants and document observation. Around 20 key informants were purposefully selected from the case organization.FindingsThe findings propose two different models for disruptive production process innovation toward sustainable agribusiness dairy farming from an emerging economy perspective and the modified process model from traditional dairy farms to modern dairy based on the stakeholders' (such as consumers, owners, managers and government) demand.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to develop a disruptive production process innovation and technology model for the dairy industry and its stakeholders' responsibilities from the experience of an emerging economy. The value of the research is in identifying factors under traditional dairy farming that need to be reduced and eliminated, and the factors under society, health concerns and value-added to existing farms need to be raised as per the global industry standard.

Strategies for achieving the sustainable development goals across the wine chain: a review

In the face of escalating climate change impacts, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations present a comprehensive blueprint for achieving a better and more sustainable future for all. The wine industry, with its extensive global reach and significant economic impact, holds a unique position to contribute toward these goals. This review examines how the wine industry can, directly and indirectly, support all 17 SDGs through a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating extensive literature analysis. The study explores the alignment of wine industry practices with the SDGs across three key pillars: social, environmental, and governance goals. Social initiatives focus on enhancing livelihoods, food security, fair and safe working conditions, inclusive and ethical development among the workers and communities, education, and economic growth. Environmental efforts emphasize reducing the industry’s carbon footprint, conserving water, improving water and energy use efficiency, improving grapevine resilience against adverse environmental conditions, minimizing pollution, protecting biodiversity, creating more sustainable cities, and promoting moderate wine consumption. Governance goals highlight the importance of regulatory frameworks, wine industry standards, and stakeholder engagement in promoting sustainable, responsible and ethical practices, contributing to effective partnerships and institutional capacity. Conclusions highlight the wine industry’s commitment to sustainability as a catalyst for positive change, demonstrating that profitability and environmental stewardship can coexist. Future perspectives call for enhanced collaboration, research, education, supportive policies, robust monitoring, and equality initiatives. By embracing sustainable practices, the wine industry can play a vital role in advancing the global agenda for a more equitable, resilient, and sustainable future.

Quality inspection method of BIM model for power grid engineering based on knowledge graph

With the continuous updating of national specifications and industry standards, the traditional manual compliance review method is difficult to meet the needs of the development of the construction industry. This study aims to improve the quality review method of BIM models by using knowledge graph technology. The BIM model of power grid engineering is selected as the research object, and a BIM model inspection system based on knowledge graph is developed to verify whether it complies with the relevant specifications and standards of power grid engineering. By taking the BIM model of an electrical engineering project as a case, an inspection report was generated, and the results verified the feasibility and practicality of this method. This technology provides a new direction for the deep integration of architectural design and information technology.

Financial Performance Analysis Reviewed from Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability Aspects

This research was conducted to analyze the financial ratios of PT Berlina Tbk during the period 2019 to 2022 see the company’s ability to use ratios. This research uses secondary data by utilizing financial reports and company reports. The analytical tool used in this research is liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratios. Based on the results of this research, it can be seen that the level of PT Berlina Tbk liquidity ratio, which is assessed by the average current ratio of 71,04%, cash ratio of 6,06%, and quick ratio of 44,16%, is considered illiquid. The solvency level of PT Berlina Tbk, which is assessed from the average debt to assets ratio of 59,57%, debt to equity ratio of 147,80%, and long-term debt to equity of 64,38%, is also considered not solvable, where the average calculation results the ratio is in poor condition and does not meet industry ratio standards. And for PT Berlina Tbk profitability level which is assessed from an average gross profit margin of 3,43%, net profit margin of 15,43%, and return on assets of 8,40%, which is considered less efficient, there needs to be a policy so that the profits obtained are more efficient.

Sub-Ambient Performance of Potassium Sarcosinate for Direct Air Capture Applications: CO2 Flux and Viscosity Measurements

Absorption based direct air capture (DAC) technologies have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their scalability, competitive regeneration energy requirements, and low susceptibility to degradation. One of the key advantages of DAC lies in its flexible siting options and the potential to utilize low-value land. However, most of the research in this field has been focused on ambient climate zones (T > 20 °C), overlooking sub-ambient (−30 °C < T < 20 °C) regions, which comprise approximately 70 % of the Earth’s surface. To fully realize the potential of DAC, it is essential to understand how DAC solvents perform in these sub-ambient conditions before any large-scale deployment can be considered. Among DAC solvents of interest, potassium sarcosinate (K-SAR) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its high CO2 capacity, fast uptake kinetics, compatibility with contactor packing materials, low volatility, good thermal and oxidative stability, and competitive regeneration energy requirements compared to current industry standards. This paper characterizes the CO2 flux and viscosity of K-SAR at sub-ambient conditions and explores the potential of using ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol as additives to prevent solvent freezing in DAC applications. For 1 M K-SAR, the CO2 flux ranges between 1.3 × 10-5 and 8.0 × 10-5 mol m−2 s−1 across a temperature range of −5 °C to 45 °C. Ethylene glycol is shown to effectively suppress the freezing point of K-SAR below −30 °C with volumetric loadings of the additive as low as 0.1. A reaction model was developed to predict the CO2 flux for 1 M K-SAR at different temperatures, demonstrating good agreement between experimental and theoretical fluxes.

Streamlining Clinical Trial Data from Raw to Regulatory Submission with R Shiny and Pharmaverse

In recent years, the pharmaceutical and biotech industries have increasingly adopted open-source tools to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and reproducibility of clinical trial data analysis. R Shiny, a web application framework for R, has become a key component in creating interactive dashboards and visualizations that support real-time data exploration and decision-making. As part of the Pharmaverse ecosystem, R Shiny plays a vital role in regulatory submissions, data analysis, and reporting, offering dynamic, user-friendly interfaces for clinical trial monitoring, patient safety reporting, and efficacy analysis. This abstract explores the application of R Shiny within the Pharmaverse, emphasizing its seamless integration with tools such as Tplyr and admiral for generating CDISC-compliant SDTM and ADaM datasets. Metadata management and validation are facilitated through OAK, ensuring consistency and traceability. The automated creation of Define.xml using tools like defineR further enhances transparency and regulatory compliance. Through case studies and practical examples, this abstract highlights how R Shiny and related tools improve data transparency, accelerate decision-making, and support regulatory compliance in clinical trials. By leveraging these open-source technologies, clinical trial teams can streamline data workflows, enhance collaboration, and improve outcomes, ultimately driving innovation within the pharmaceutical industry. The integration of these tools into a cohesive framework significantly enhances the submission process to regulatory bodies like the FDA and EMA, ensuring that clinical data meets both industry and regulatory standards.

The Importance of Cleaning and Sanitation in Homebrewing

The expansion of homebrewing among hobbyists and beer lovers has enabled the availability of fabulous and non-conventional flavors to a broader public. However, homebrewing conditions are not standardized and greatly depend on the meticulosity of the homebrewer. To ensure minimum hygienic conditions, homebrewers need to employ more effort than the standardized brewing industry. Cleaning and sanitation ask for a meticulous and thorough, almost perfect cleaning and sanitation pattern in order to ensure healthy fermentation and safe beer. The implementation of cleaning and sanitation methods can greatly prolong the lifespan of kegged or bottled beer and accent the excellent aromas and taste of homebrewed beer. Since there is a lack of scientific literature concerning this aspect of brewing, this paper is conceptualized as a review that covers all the major concerning/hazardous points in homebrewing and summarizes potential actions to maximize cleaning and sanitation efficiency in the homebrewing process.

Implementation of Islamic Inheritance Law: Study of History, Law and Its Principles

The imposition of late payment penalties in Islamic pawnshops at the initial stage of the contract has sparked debate. This study examines the implications of such penalties on the principles of justice, customers, funders, and Islamic financial institutions. Literature study and fatwa review are the basis of the discussion. The results show that fines that are not agreed upon at the beginning of the contract have the potential to cause legal and sharia uncertainty, and open up opportunities for abuse of authority. The negative impact is a decrease in customer trust and tarnishing the reputation of Islamic financial institutions. The proposed solutions are the inclusion of a clear amount of fines in the contract, the involvement of the Sharia Supervisory Board, customer education, and the establishment of industry standards. The application of fair fines can be in the form of tiered fines, adjusted to the customer's ability, and accompanied by alternative fine options. Transparency and accountability of Islamic financial institutions are key to the sustainability of a fair and sharia-compliant Islamic pawnshop system.

Review of floor impact sound insulation performance measurement evaluation methods and timber floor specifications in Japan

Since the 1970s, heavy-weight floor impact noise has been a concern in Japan, prompting the development of unique measurement and evaluation methods standardized by JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards). JIS A 1418-1 specifies the measurement method for light-weight floor impact sound insulation performance, while JIS A 1418-2 defines the measurement method for heavy-weight floor impact sound insulation performance. Two types of standard impact sources, namely car-tire impact source and rubber ball impact source, are specified for measuring the heavy-weight floor impact sound insulation performance. JIS A 1419-2 defines the evaluation method for floor impact sound insulation performance. These methods differ from the international ISO standards, making performance comparison challenging. This paper provides an overview of these Japanese methods. Furthermore, since the enforcement of "the Act on Promotion of Use of Wood in Buildings to Contribute to the Realization of a Decarbonized Society," construction of timber buildings has been promoted in Japan with the aim of encouraging wood usage and contributing to the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). However, the floor impact sound insulation performance of timber floors tends to be low, with various specifications for timber floor cross-sections differing among private companies. This paper introduces these specifications and also compares driving-point impedances.

A realistic approach for evaluating antimicrobial surfaces for dry surface exposure scenarios.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has raised public awareness about the importance of hygiene, leading to an increased demand for antimicrobial surfaces to minimize microbial contamination on high-touch surfaces. This is particularly relevant in public and private transportation settings, where surfaces frequently touched by individuals pose a significant, yet preventable, risk of infection transmission. Typically, the antimicrobial activity of surfaces is tested using test methods of the International Standards Organization, American Society for Testing and Materials, or Japanese Industrial Standards, which involve complete submersion in liquid, elevated temperature (37°C), and prolonged (24 h) contact periods. However, these conditions do not accurately represent real-world scenarios where surfaces are exposed to air. In this study, we propose a modified test method designed to better reflect real-life conditions in the intended end-use setting. The modifications included using deionized water instead of nutrient broth while preparing bacterial inoculum, applying a small test inoculum to the surface and allowing it to dry, maintaining ambient temperature and relative humidity throughout the contact period, and reducing the contact period to 4 h. With this modified approach, the antimicrobial activity of 20 samples was reassessed. This screening revealed that out of 20 samples, only 2 samples were effective against all species, while 8 samples demonstrated partial effectiveness against selected species, and 10 samples showed no significant effect. These findings highlight the inadequacy of the current test standard and emphasize the urgent necessity for revised and adapted testing method to ensure a reliable and accurate evaluation.IMPORTANCEThe recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has sparked increased demand for antimicrobial surfaces to mitigate the risk of fomites-transmitted infection in both indoors and confined spaces. Commonly, the antimicrobial activity of these surfaces is assessed using test standards established by national standards bodies, which do not distinguish between different application scenarios. While these test standards are suitable for surfaces intended for submerged application, they are inappropriate for antimicrobial surfaces designed for dry surface exposure. The usage of these standards can lead to an overestimation of antimicrobial efficacy. Thus, this study introduces a modified dry exposure test method aimed at better reflecting real-life conditions in the intended end-use setting. Our results revealed the subpar antimicrobial performance of numerous samples, highlighting the necessity to revise and tailor the universal test standard to real-world scenarios in order to ensure a reliable and accurate evaluation.

Assessing risks and opportunities associated with ESG factorsin investment projects

Our aim was to investigate the influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on risks and opportunities in investment and construction projects. The research methodology involved a review of scientific publications, both domestic and foreign, concerning ESG factors and approaches to their integration into investment projects. This allowed us to develop a step-by-step approach to assessing the impact of these factors on the risks and opportunities in investment construction projects. The proposed approach consists in identifying significant ESG aspects, carrying out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the associated risks and opportunities, and establishing a system for managing ESG factors within a particular project. In addition, we developed a system of quantitative indicators for assessing ESG factors, allowing them to be taken into account when designing a financial and economic model of the project. Theoretical results related to the development of an algorithm for assessing the impact of ESG factors and the system of indicators for their quantitative measurement were obtained. It is concluded that the assessment and management of ESG factors play an important role in improving the sustainability and efficiency of investment and construction projects. Further research should be focused on the creation of industry standards and indicators for assessing ESG factors in the sphere of investment and construction, as well as on the improvement of tools for environmental funding of projects.

Generation of a synthetic autochthonous microbiota responsible for the essential flavors and brewing properties of Daqu

Based on the 26 strains of medium–high-temperature Daqu, seed microbial inocula and mature microbial inoculants were prepared and inoculated into crushed wheat to prepare cleaner medium–high-temperature Daqu (XQ). The physicochemical properties, flavor, and microbial profile of XQ were studied using traditional medium–high-temperature Daqu (CQ) or industry standards as controls. The results showed that the liquefaction ability, saccharification activity, esterification activity, and moisture content of XQ were better than those of Daqu industry standards. The results of GC–MS and E-nose analyses showed that the main flavor compounds in the two types of Daqu were esters, alcohols, acids, and aldehydes, which had similar flavor profiles. Microbial sequencing revealed that the most abundant fungi in XQ were Aspergillus subflavus, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Candida tropicalis, whereas the most abundant bacteria were Lactobacillus curvatus, Weissella cibaria, and Bacillus subtilis. Both types of Daqu contained a high abundance of W. anomalus. In addition, the COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins) analyses displayed that the two types of Daqu had their dominant functions and generally had the pathways and functional characteristics of organism growth and metabolism. This study laid some experimental research bases for the preparation of cleaner Daqu and could provide insights for producing safer microbial fermented foods.

Innovations in Wind Turbine Blade Engineering: Exploring Materials, Sustainability, and Market Dynamics

This manuscript delves into the transformative advancements in wind turbine blade technology, emphasizing the integration of innovative materials, dynamic aerodynamic designs, and sustainable manufacturing practices. Through an exploration of the evolution from traditional materials to cutting-edge composites, the paper highlights how these developments significantly enhance the efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility of wind turbines. Detailed case studies of notable global projects, such as the Hornsea Project One, the Gansu Wind Farm, and the Block Island Wind Farm, illustrate the practical applications of these technologies and their impact on energy production and sustainability. Additionally, the manuscript examines the critical role of regulatory frameworks and industry standards in fostering these technological advancements, ensuring safety, and promoting global adoption. By analyzing the current trends and future directions, this study underscores the potential of modern turbine technologies to meet the increasing global demand for renewable energy and contribute to sustainable development goals. The findings advocate for continued innovation and policy alignment to fully harness the potential of wind energy in the renewable energy landscape.

B-154 Development and Evaluation of an Automated High-Throughput Magnetic Bead-Based pre-treatment Platform for Lipid-Soluble Vitamins in Clinical Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Background Mass spectrometry has become a critical tool in clinical diagnostics due to its unparalleled sensitivity, specificity, and ability for multiplex analysis, redefining standards in small molecule detection. However, its efficacy is limited by complex sample preparation requirements, such as purification and enrichment. Traditional pre-treatment methods often involve labor-intensive, error-prone procedures that can dilute samples, thereby necessitating enhanced sensitivity in mass spectrometry. Addressing these challenges, we developed an automated, high-throughput pre-treatment platform using magnetic bead technology to streamline the preparation of small molecules for analysis via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This study assesses the platform's effectiveness and reliability using lipid-soluble vitamins as a test case. Methods We developed a magnetic bead-based extraction process for lipid-soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, E, and K1) from clinical serum samples, utilizing Zybio's EXM3000 for automation. Protein-bound vitamins were dissociated using methanol and isopropanol, followed by magnetic bead extraction. The extracted vitamins underwent LC-MS/MS analysis. Comparative analysis with traditional liquid-liquid extraction methods, using 20 clinical samples and commercially available kits, evaluated this novel approach's analytical efficacy. Results The method showed excellent linearity (r &amp;gt; 0.99) for the target compounds. The imprecision ranged from 1.5% to 9.3%, and the accuracy (recovery rate) was between 91.5% and 113.4%. The limit of quantification, repeated six times, had a deviation of -8.5% to 13% and a CV of 1.5%-6.4%, meeting industry standards and EP document requirements. Comparisons with commercial kits in 20 clinical samples showed deviations within ±15%, and the 95% confidence interval for expected bias met the testing requirements. The method also demonstrated high correlation with the commercial kits, as evidenced by regression equations for Vitamin A: y = 0.9732x - 1.7985, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2: y = 1.0163x - 0.0055, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3: y = 1.0597x - 0.7968, Vitamin E: y = 1.0569x - 0.2917, and Vitamin K1: y = 1.0055x - 0.0039. Conclusions This study showed excellent performance of a novel automated high-throughput magnetic bead sample preparation platform for small molecules in clinical mass spectrometry. This technology overcomes the complexities associated with sample pre-treatment in clinical mass spectrometry and holds broad clinical application prospects in mass spectrometric analysis.

Multiplatform Path-ComDim study of Capixaba, indigenous and non-indigenous Amazonian Canephora coffees

Integrating diverse measurement platforms can yield profound insights. This study examined Brazilian Canephora coffees from Rondônia (Western Amazon) and Espírito Santo (southeast), hypothesizing that geographical and climatic differences along botanical varieties significantly impact coffee characteristics. To test this, capixaba, indigenous, and non-indigenous Amazonian canephora coffees were analyzed using nine distinct platforms, including both spectroscopic techniques and sensory evaluations, to obtain results that are more informative and complementary than conventional single-method analyses. By applying multi-block Path-ComDim analysis to the multiple data sets, we uncovered crucial correlations between instrumental and sensory measurements. This integrated approach not only confirmed the hypothesis but also demonstrated that combining multiple data sets provides a more nuanced understanding of coffee profiles than traditional single-method analyses. The results underscore the value of multiplatform approaches in enhancing coffee quality evaluation, offering a more detailed and comprehensive view of coffee characteristics that can drive future research and improve industry standards.

Water density-pressure-temperature modeling for drilling fluids in real-time HPHT applications

Accurate equations for extrapolating the density of water to varying pressures and temperatures are important for the petroleum industry. Water is a key component in drilling fluids, and extrapolation models of water are essential for calculating the density of the fluid as a whole for different depths in the well. This is further of paramount importance to be able to keep the pressure in the well within safety limits. This paper shows and explains how density-pressure-temperature (DPT) models referred to in the field of Petroleum are not well-suited for high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) wells which are becoming more and more common. It also discusses DPT- and pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) models from other disciplines and demonstrates that models with the accuracy needed for HPHT wells, are excessively complex and have unnecessary long execution times. For many challenging wells, hydraulic models run today in parallel with the operation in real-time and may constitute one of several components in a digital twin. In such applications it is important that each component runs as efficiently as possible, such that the entire system is able to deliver its results in time. In this work, new polynomial DPT models are constructed, that fill this gap in water DPT modeling. I.e., they are designed for being used for calculating the water density in real-time, and cover HPHT wells with pressure up to 200MPa and temperature up to 260°C. It is demonstrated that it is possible to construct polynomial models that are 1−2 decades faster than the industry standard used for comparison, while also being more accurate over the pressure and temperature range relevant to HPHT wells. If the accuracy can be slightly relaxed, a new model that is 2−3 orders of magnitude faster than the industry standard is proposed.

Effectiveness of Risk Management through Risk Maturity Measurement: A Study at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management at Pelindo post-merger and assess its risk management maturity level. Additionally, the study intends to offer relevant recommendations for the company in developing its risk management strategy and implementation. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study strategy, where the researcher analyzes an organization as a unit of analysis in a natural setting without manipulation. Data collection techniques include interviews with representatives from the Group Risk Management, Governance, and Compliance as the corporate-level risk managers. Document analysis includes textbooks, academic and professional journals, theses, articles, and company department reports. Data analysis follows the Miles and Huberman model. The research indicates that the maturity level of risk management at Pelindo post-merger has reached the good practice phase with a score of 2.94. This reflects a consistent application of risk management in accordance with industry standards, although its effectiveness varies. The organizational structure, framework, processes, and risk culture have begun to be implemented. Recommendations for improvement include strengthening the risk culture, enhancing the effectiveness of risk management functions, and aligning risk strategies with the ERM transformation plan for better effectiveness and compliance.