Industrial Scale Research Articles

Silver nanoparticles doped MoS2 flakes as highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Hydrogen fuel-based economy has been a prime candidate for sustainable future. Hydrogen generation through water splitting is quite popular, and it has the potential to produce green hydrogen at a very low cost. The development of low-cost, high efficiency electrocatalysts is very important for water splitting processes. Hence, this paper focuses on a novel approach to develop low-cost silver (Ag) nanoparticles doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The HER activity of pristine MoS2 nanostructures has also been tested to compare the results with Ag-MoS2 nanocomposites. The materials (MoS2, Ag-MoS2) have been synthesized using pulsed laser ablation in liquid, which is a sustainable technique to synthesize nanomaterials. The developed electrocatalysts have been characterized using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction to know their morphology, optical properties, and structural properties. The electrochemical performance study was analyzed in a standard three electrode cell with 0.5M H2SO4. From electrochemical measurement study, it has been observed that Ag-MoS2 has an overpotential of 0.222 V, which is less than that of MoS2 nanosheets (0.274 V). The Tafel slope is also the least for Ag-MoS2 as compared to MoS2. The charge transfer resistance for Ag-MoS2 is 13.05 Ω, while MoS2 provides the resistance of 39.93 Ω. The developed Ag-MoS2 electrocatalyst may be a promising material to generate green hydrogen at the industrial scale.

TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF PLANTS FOR PLASMA-CHEMICAL PYROLYSISOF MEDICAL WASTE

The protection of the environment and human health from the negative impact of waste, in particular medical and pharmaceutical waste, is a priority in the field of waste management. The term "medical waste" defines the full range of all categories and types of medical waste (MW) that are classified as hazardous in Ukraine. The unrestrained growth of the amount and rate of production of hazardous medical waste in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war (MW) critically exacerbates the environmental situation in Ukraine. However, existing methods and technological means are not able to ensure their complete environmentally safe processing and utilization. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the method of incineration of medical, pharmaceutical and hospital waste. It is demonstrated that plasma arc technologies and plasma-chemical pyrolysis technologies are well-proven and commercially attractive for their application on an industrial scale, including in the medical field, for the disposal, recycling and destruction of hazardous waste. The incineration of medical waste in the open air or in incinerators has temperature limits of no more than 500 oC. The paper considers the technology of plasma-chemical pyrolysis at 1100-1250 oC as a high-temperature alternative to medical waste incineration, which is implemented in the form of a mobile plasma pyrolysis unit "Plazmon-3 , developed and created on the basis of the domestic plasma generator PUN-1. The advantages of using high-temperature plasma-chemical pyrolysis are shown, which make it, in terms of environmental safety, beyond the competition and, unlike smoke-emitting analogues, plasma-chemical pyrolysis technologies destroy medical waste without forming environmentally hazardous residues

Engineering Triboelectric Paper for Energy Harvesting and Smart Sensing.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a promising technology for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing with a wide range of applications. Despite their potential, challenges such as the need for cost-effective, large-area electrodes and engineering sustainable triboelectric materials remain, especially given the impending restrictions on single-use engineering plastics in Europe. To address these challenges, engineering nano-graphite-coated paper is presented as a sustainable and high-performance alternative for triboelectric layers. Moreover, this material, which can be produced on an industrial scale, offers a viable replacement for metal electrodes. The combination of nano-graphite and paper, with its large contact area and inherent surface roughness, enables ultra-high power densities exceeding 14 kWm-2, driven by electrostatic discharge at the surface. Beyond energy harvesting, smart sensors are developed for floors and walls that detect movements for security purposes and smart sheets that monitor body movements and physiological activities during sleep. The findings highlight the potential of this engineering paper to serve as an eco-friendly alternative to engineering plastics in TENGs and electrodes, opening new avenues for future applications.

Microstructural properties of Pacific yew as determined with SilviScan

Summary Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia Nutt.) is a conifer from the northwestern United States with unusually dense and flexible wood. Because the wood of Pacific yew is not used at scale in the commercial industry, there has been no study of radial variation in wood properties or of the microstructural characteristics responsible for its atypical combination of high density and relatively low stiffness. Increment cores (12.5 mm in diameter) were obtained from 15 Pacific yew trees; SilviScan was used to observe patterns of radial variation in density, microfibril angle (MFA), and stiffness in the cores, and these patterns were compared to other conifer species. Observations included unusually dense wood with uncharacteristically low stiffness, a very slow decrease in density from pith to bark unlike any of the typical patterns of radial density variation reported for other conifers in North America, and an MFA that remained constant at its high initial value of approximately 35 degrees throughout the tree’s lifespan. Microstructural properties and macro characteristics were used to explore the ecological niche into which T. brevifolia fits, as it possesses features not shared by any other species of North American conifer.

Novel and Sustainable Materials for the Separation of Lithium, Rubidium, and Cesium Ions from Aqueous Solutions in Adsorption Processes—A Review

The growing demand for alkali metals (AMs), such as lithium, cesium, and rubidium, related to their wide application across various industries (e.g., electronics, medicine, aerospace, etc.) and the limited resources of their naturally occurring ores, has led to an increased interest in methods of their recovery from secondary sources (e.g., brines, wastewater, waste leachates). One of the dynamically developing research directions in the field of separation of AMs ions from various aqueous solutions is the search for novel, efficient, and “green” materials that could be used in adsorption processes, also on a larger industrial scale. This review concerns the latest achievements (mainly from 2023 to 2024) in the development of innovative adsorption materials (e.g., ion sieves, aluminum-based adsorbents, mineral adsorbents, composites, resins) for the separation of Li+, Cs+, and Rb+ ions from solutions, with particular emphasis on their most important advantages and limitations, as well as their potential impact on the environment.

Project‐Based Learning in Bioprocess Engineering: MATLAB Software as a Tool for Industrial‐Scale Bioreactor Design

ABSTRACTThe project‐based learning (PBL) methodology has proven to be a valuable pedagogical approach in engineering programs for decades. However, a significant gap remains in the application of such methodologies in the field of bioprocess engineering. This study addresses this gap by exploring the implementation and outcomes of innovative PBL methodology in the context of bioprocess engineering education. The educational innovation involved the study of a bioprocess at the industrial scale, which comprises the definition of the culture medium, the operational units of the process, the design of the bioreactor with the assistance of MATLAB software, and the performance of a techno‐economic analysis. The results over eight academic years (441 students) demonstrated consistently high average grades in case studies (8.9 ± 0.3 out of 10), indicating successful student navigation of PBL challenges. The students’ positive feedback highlighted the satisfaction and effectiveness of the methodology in promoting collaboration, enhancing comprehension, and preparing students for real‐world scenarios. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the successful implementation of PBL in bioprocess engineering education, highlighting its potential for fostering active learning, practical skill development, and student engagement. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on innovative pedagogical approaches in engineering education and underscore the importance of ongoing evaluation and refinement for enhancing student learning outcomes.

Design of Reactor for The Production of Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) Crystal

In this research, the design and analysis of a batch reactor for the production of Sodium Thiosulfate crystal was carried out. This research was carried out with computational analysis and calculations of the reactor, stirrer and mass balance using the Microsoft Excel application. It is hoped that the manufacture of Sodium Thiosulfate can be scaled up on a factory scale so that a place is needed to react the raw materials from which the Sodium Thiosulfate is made. The specifications for sodium thiosulfate production at an industrial scale (1000 times larger than the lab scale) require a volume of 186.1300 ft3, a height of 2.8147 ft, and one stirrer with a power of 1800 Hp, based on calculations from the batch reactor and stirrer. The calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel without considering effectiveness factors. The calculation results indicate that the reactor's design and performance analysis are applicable.

The non-energy industrial sector: an analysis of Algeria's energy-related CO2 emissions (2006-2021)

In 2021, Algeria's CO2 emissions exceeded 178 million tons, reflecting a rise of over 73% in less than 15 years. To fight climate change, this study provides a detailed decomposition analysis of the drivers influencing Algeria's CO2 emissions related to energy use from 2006-2021 using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) approach. It emphasizes the non-energy industry sub-sectors, including food and drink products, iron and steel, mechanical, electronic and electric equipment, textiles and clothing, leather, and construction materials, which account for 24.36% of Algeria's total energy consumption. The findings indicate that industrial scale is the main driver influencing the increase in carbon emissions, contributing 26.12 Mt, followed by the emission factor effect at 9 Mt. However, the effects of industrial structure and energy intensity take an important part in reducing emissions, accounting for 14.16 Mt and 4.21 Mt, respectively. The “construction materials” industry was identified as the highest carbon emitter of non-energy industries, followed by “iron and steel, mechanical, electronics, and electric equipment”, and “food products, beverages, and tobacco” industries. Algerian policymakers can use the study's empirical results to develop sustainable energy strategies, particularly in non-energy sector, to enhance the potential for the country reaching its energy and green objectives.

Deactivation Mechanism of Spent TiO2-Based Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Catalysts and State-of-the-Art Recycling Technologies.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) make up a group of gases that are mainly formed during the combustion of fossil fuels at high temperatures. NOx contributes to environmental degradation by forming acid rain and enhancing global warming. Exposure to air with a high concentration of NOx can aggravate respiratory diseases, particularly asthma. The elimination of NOx in practical applications mainly proceeds through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 to harmless N2 and H2O. One practical issue of the SCR process is the deactivation of TiO2-based SCR catalysts. In addition, growing numbers of spent SCR catalysts present a serious waste-management challenge for recyclers at end of life. It is therefore crucial to disclose the deactivation mechanism of the spent TiO2-based NH3-SCR catalysts and propose effective recycling technologies for waste valorization. Here we outline the catalyst deactivation pathways for TiO2-based SCR catalysts and critically review methods of improving the direct sustainability of spent catalysts, in areas such as direct regeneration and recovery of spent catalysts. Through this review, the challenges, solutions, and future strategies for handling spent SCR catalysts are clarified for future studies of application on an industrial scale.

Advancements and Challenges in Adsorption-Based Carbon Capture Technology: From Fundamentals to Deployment.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption on solid sorbents represents a promising technology for separating carbon from different sources and mitigating anthropogenic emissions. The complete integration of carbon capture technologies in various industrial sectors will be crucial for a sustainable, low-carbon future. Despite developing new sorbents, a comprehensive strategy is essential to realize the full potential and widespread adoption of CO2 capture technologies, including different engineering aspects. This study discusses the pathway for deploying adsorption-based carbon capture technology in fundamental material science aspects, thermo-physical properties behavior at the molecular level, and industrial pilot scale demonstrations. When integrated with process simulation and economic evaluations, these techniques are instrumental in enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the capturing processes. While advancements in adsorption-based carbon capture technologies have been notable, their deployment still encounters significant hurdles, including technical, economic, and environmental challenges. Leveraging hybrid systems, renewable energy integration, and the strategic application of emerging machine learning techniques appear promising to address global warming effectively and will consequently be discussed in this investigation.

Water adsorption within PIM-1 polymer and CAU-23 MOF material from osmotic molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract In the context of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture, the existence of the Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) transparency effect, which can enhance carbon dioxide uptake under humid conditions, was recently demonstrated. It is, therefore, essential to first determine the water adsorption capacity within the MOF. In this work, the CAU-23 MOF material, which appears to possess the main chemical and structural characteristics necessary for MOF transparency to occur, was considered. In addition, Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is now considered on an industrial scale for shaping purposes. Among polymers, the intrinsically microporous polymer PIM-1 has shown interesting adhesion properties with MOF surfaces. Thus, before investigating what happens within the MMM, we aim to examine the water adsorption within the bulk CAU-23 and PIM-1 materials using the recently developed osmotic molecular dynamics simulations. These preliminary results show that CAU-23 could be a promising material for enhancing the MOF’s transparency and increasing $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 uptake. Graphic abstract

Transforming CO2 into advanced 3D printed carbon nanocomposites

The conversion of CO2 emissions into valuable 3D printed carbon-based materials offers a transformative strategy for climate mitigation and resource utilization. Here, we 3D print carbon nanocomposites from CO2 using an integrated system that electrochemically converts CO2 into CO, followed by a thermocatalytic process that synthesizes carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are then 3D printed into high-density carbon nanocomposites. A 200 cm2 electrolyzer stack is integrated with a thermochemical reactor for more than 45 h of operation, cumulatively synthesizing 37 grams of CNTs from CO2. A techno-economic analysis indicates a 90% cost reduction in CNT production on an industrial scale compared to current benchmarks, underscoring the commercial viability of the system. A 3D printing process is developed that achieves a high nanocomposite CNT concentration (38 wt%) while enhancing composite structural attributes via CNT alignment. With the rapidly rising demand for carbon nanocomposites, this CO2-to-nanocomposite process can make a substantial impact on global carbon emission reduction efforts.

Generating MVA-Vector Vaccine Candidates and Testing Them in Animal Models.

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated and replication-deficient vaccinia virus developed through serial passages in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). MVA is increasingly used in biomedicine for vaccine development in preclinical and clinical studies in humans. Major benefits of MVA include a well-established record in clinical safety, long-standing experience in genetic engineering of the virus, a large data set demonstrating efficacy in preclinical models with the capacity to induce both protective antigen-specific antibody and cellular immune responses, and the availability of virus production under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) suitable for industrial scale amplification. In this chapter, we describe established state-of-the-art protocols for generating, amplifying, and purifying recombinant MVA viruses, including possible vector viruses for further investigations as well as clinical evaluation.

A Study of the Influence of Additives of Nanostructured Functional Ceramics in the Coating of Welding Electrodes on their Welding and Technological Properties

The present work aims to study the influence of Nanostructured Functional Ceramics Photocatalysts (PNFC) under the brand name ZB-2, obtained using a synthesis method deploying pulsed radiation activation technology on welding and technological properties. This method of obtaining ceramic material allows the latter to be produced on an industrial scale. Therefore, it can replace the technology for producing PNFC under the influence of concentrated solar radiation at the Big Solar Furnace (BSF) of the Institute of Materials Science, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The ZB-2 ceramic material has shown its effectiveness when used as an additive in the coating charge of the MR-3 welding electrode. Thus, the breaking arc length of the MR-3 welding electrode is increased up to 2% with the addition of ZB-2 to the coating charge. With additions of more than 2%, the breaking arc length decreases. The additive ZB-2 has the same effect on the diameter of the deposited point of the MP-3 welding electrode. When its content in the coating is up to 2%, the diameter of the deposited point increases, and a further increase in the additive content reduces this indicator. Adding up to 1% ZB-2 into the coating composition has a beneficial effect on the size of the peak at the end of the electrode. When its content exceeds 1%, the latter decreases. Also, an increase in the content of the PNFC additive in the coating of the MR-3 electrode reduces the value of the melting coefficient and increases the value of the deposition coefficient, which contributes to a sharp reduction in losses due to waste and spattering up to 53% when the additive content in the coating mass is up to 8%.

Antioxidant, metabolic and digestive biomarker responses of farmed Sparus aurata supplemented with Laminaria digitata

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of supplemented diets with the brown macroalga Laminaria digitata in improving the antioxidant, metabolic and digestive performance in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), using a multi-biomarker approach. Three experimental diets supplemented with 1.5 %, 3 % and 6 % of dried powdered L. digitata were tested against a control diet. After 30 and 60 days, S. aurata juveniles were sampled and muscle, gut and liver tissues were collected. Results showed that fish fed with 1.5 % L. digitata exhibited higher specific growth rate (SGR) after 30 days. Additionally, at this supplementation level, there was a significant reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, CAT; glutathione S-transferase, GST; superoxide dismutase, SOD) and in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in muscle and liver tissues. In contrast, gut antioxidant enzyme activity increased with higher macroalga concentrations (3 % and 6 %). Fish fed with 6 % L. digitata revealed a significant decrease in muscle aerobic potential (citrate synthase (CS) activity) but increased anaerobic capacity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity). Moreover, the 1.5 % L. digitata supplemented diets led to a significant increase in amylase activity after 30 days. After 60 days, fed with 6 % L. digitata showed lower hepatosomatic index (HSI) compared to animals fed on control diet. Additionally, trypsin activity was higher in fish fed the supplemented diets, especially at 3 % L. digitata. Pepsin activity was significantly supressed in fish fed diets with higher macroalga concentrations (3 % and 6 %). Overall, the current findings highlight the beneficial effects with lower doses of L. digitata on farmed marine fish performance and welfare. However, additional research is needed to establish the most cost-effective seaweed supplementation dose and validate this strategy at an industrial scale.

Remediation of antibiotics-contaminated wastewater through photocatalytic techniques: implications for SDGs that support a more sustainable future and a healthy planet

ABSTRACT This paper aims to provide information on the remediation of various antibiotics from contaminated wastewater by photocatalytic treatment techniques. The review includes the mechanism of action of pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals as environmental pollutants, antibiotics and their metabolites, toxicity and health implication of antibiotics-contaminated wastewater, measures to manage antibiotics in the environment, the different wastewater treatment technologies, the degradation and mechanism of antibiotics via photocatalysis, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relating to the treatment of antibiotics-contaminated wastewater. Photocatalysis has more advantages than other treatment techniques due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and higher percentage degradation of antibiotics in wastewater. The use of photocatalytic methods to purify antibiotic-contaminated wastewater has substantial ramifications for several SDGs, hence promoting a healthier world and a more sustainable future. This paper is presumed to offer some insight on the treatment technique that is more efficient and suitable for antibiotics-contaminated wastewater that can be explored on an industrial scale.

Three-dimensional nanocomposites derived from combined metal organic frameworks doped with Ce, La, and Cu as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for supercapacitors and oxygen reduction reaction

Fabrication of a nanocomposite with a low-cost and efficient synthesis method instead of using electrocatalysts based on platinum metal has become one of the main challenges in energy storage devices and fuel cells. In this regard, a bifunctional electrocatalyst for supercapacitors and oxygen reduction reaction is fabricated and tested. The novelty of this study is the synthesis method and enhancement of the electrochemical characteristics of synthesized electrocatalysts. The core-shell method is used for the electrocatalyst's synthesis which uses Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF)-8, ZIF-67, and Material Institute Lavoisiers (MIL)-101 for the fabrication of three types of electrocatalysts. In the following, to increase the characteristics such as conductivity and stability, doping of Copper (Cu), Cerium (Ce), and Lanthanum (La) are added to the nanocomposites. The Co@NC, CoZn@NC, and CoZn@FeNC prepared electrocatalysts are obtained from the pyrolyze process of La/ZIF-67, CeCu/ZIF-8@ La/ZIF-67, MIL-101@CeCu/ZIF-8/La/ZIF-67. The results indicated that the CoZn@NC electrocatalyst has the best performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with an onset potential of 0.062 (V vs Ag/AgCl) and current density of −12.97 (mA/cm2) at a constant voltage of −1 V. Furthermore, the electron transfer number of CoZn@NC electrocatalyst for ORR was 3.64. The conducted Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) tests demonstrated that the CoZn@NC electrode has the highest capacitance of 271.14 F/g. The outcomes showed that by the core-shell method, various properties of nanocomposites can be utilized to solve the weaknesses of catalysts by using proper metals. Moreover, the presence of Cu2+,Ce3+,La3+ improve the structural defects in the carbon matrix, the stability based on the chronoamperometry results, and the mass transfer. The study provides a perspective for future researches to fill the research gaps to obtain the new supercapacitors utilize on a large scale in the electronics industry.

Will land transfer affect agricultural carbon emission efficiency? An empirical study based on provinces in China.

Studying the carbon emission efficiency of the agricultural sector plays an important role in achieving the goal of global carbon neutrality. As a common economic behavior in agricultural production, it is still unclear about that how land transfer affects agricultural carbon emission efficiency (ACEE). Therefore, according to panel data of 30 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities at the same level) from 2005 to 2019 in the Chinese mainland, this work adopts the panel Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to reveal the influential mechanism of land transfer on ACEE. Subsequently, the panel quantile regression and sub-sample regression are applied to divide the provinces into different types of regions, so as to explore what kind of heterogeneity effect would occur, if land transfer acts upon ACEE. Finally, this work discovers the influential mechanism of land transfer to ACEE by agricultural industrial agglomeration and agricultural land management scale. The research results support the view that the land transfer significantly inhibits the improvement of ACEE, and also prove that there is regional heterogeneity in the impact of land transfer on ACEE, and this heterogeneity is mainly reflected in the impact intensity of land transfer on ACEE in different regions. The more important and deeper discovery is that agricultural industrial agglomeration and agricultural land management scale intensify the inhibition of land transfer on ACEE. Considering that both agricultural industrial agglomeration and agricultural land management scale have a regulatory effect on the influence of the land transfer on ACEE, this work suggests that the government improve the land transfer market system, implement differentiated agricultural management measures, and reasonably promote agricultural industrial agglomeration to gradually realize economies of scale.

Propagation, Establishment, and Early Fruit Production of Table Grape Microvines in an LED-Lit Hydroponics System: A Demonstration Case Study.

Controlled environment farming (CEF) systems, including tunnel houses, glasshouses, and vertical farms, are expanding worldwide. As the industry scales, growers need a broader range of crops that are adapted to CEF systems to take full advantage of the potential to increase yields and decrease weather-related risks. Dwarf grapevines (microvines) are ideal candidates for CEF due to their high economic value, phenotype, and phenology. This study aimed to develop propagation protocols, a critical first step for the successful integration of microvines in the CEF market, and to demonstrate the establishment, early growth, first flowering, and fruiting of table grape microvines in a fully indoor, LED-lit, CEF system. An experiment was conducted to investigate the efficiency of clonal propagation of a newly developed microvine variety, which had been bred for the production of seedless table grapes in response to two variables: (a) shoot position of cutting, and (b) length of time of misting exposure (from 3 to 7 weeks). A subset of successfully established plantlets were then transplanted into a hydroponic, CEF system, where their establishment, early growth, flowering, and fruit formation were assessed. Three weeks after cuttings were taken, 83.7% of the cuttings had formed roots, regardless of cutting section or misting treatment, while the remaining 16.7% of cuttings died. The sprouting success was lower with 49.3% of plants forming new leaves after 7 weeks. The highest level of sprouting was observed with cuttings taken from mid-shoot and lower shoot positions and the 5-week misting duration. While the rooting efficiency and survival of green shoot microvine cuttings are very high, further research is needed to increase the frequency of sprouting in the required timeframes to levels that are more acceptable for commercial production. The establishment success of sprouted cuttings after transplanting to hydroponics was 100% and their production and fruit quality were similar regardless of cutting tissue source. The crop cycle from planting to first harvest was 208 days (63 days for plantlet production and 145 days from transplanting to first harvest). The vines began flowering after an average of 33.9 days and the berries went through veraison (i.e., commencement of ripening) after an average of 116 days under the conditions tested. Microvine fruit grown under these conditions contained greater than the minimum total soluble solids content required for the Australian market. We have demonstrated that table grape microvines have potential as a novel crop for CEF systems.

A comprehensive review of lignin-reinforced lignocellulosic composites: Enhancing fire resistance and reducing formaldehyde emission.

The rising environmental concerns and the growing demand for renewable materials have surged across various industries. In this context, lignin, being a plentiful natural aromatic compound that possesses advantageous functional groups suitable for utilization in biocomposite systems, has gained notable attention as a promising and sustainable alternative to fossil-derived materials. It can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass through extraction via various techniques, which may cause variability in its thermal, mechanical, and physical properties. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and low toxicity, lignin has been extensively researched for the development of high-value materials including lignin-based biocomposites. Its aromatic properties also allow it to successfully substitute phenol in the production of phenolic resin adhesives, resulting in decreased formaldehyde emission. This review investigated and evaluated the role of lignin as a green filler in lignin-based lignocellulosic composites, aimed at enhancing their fire retardancy and decreasing formaldehyde emission. In addition, relevant composite properties, such as thermal properties, were investigated in this study. Markedly, technical challenges, including compatibility with other matrix polymers that are influenced by limited reactivity, remain. Some impurities in lignin and various sources of lignin also affect the performance of composites. While lignin utilization can address certain environmental issues, its large-scale use is limited by both process costs and market factors. Therefore, the exact mechanism by which lignin enhances flame retardancy, reduces formaldehyde emissions, and improves the long-term durability of lignocellulosic composites under various environmental conditions remains unclear and requires thorough investigation. Life cycle analysis and techno-economic analysis of lignin-based composites may contribute to understanding the overall influence of systems not only at the laboratory scale but also at a larger industrial scale.