Industrial Revolution Research Articles

The Effects of Artificial Intelligence and Modern Technology on Commercial Transactions for Commercial Transactions Law 2023

In light of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the intervention of artificial intelligence in commercial transactions has expanded, and it has not remained a mere subject or subject of the contract, whether it is a material or moral product, but has gone beyond that to have a fundamental and effective role in concluding the contract as an electronic agent that makes the contract automated and concluded in whole or in part in an automated manner without human intervention. The UAE legislator was interested in regulating its use, whether under the Electronic Transactions Law of 2006 and the current one of 2021, and referred to this possibility under the Trade through Modern Technology Law of 2023; It considers it an information program that represents the original principal and bears the effects of the transaction concluded with the intervention of artificial intelligence despite not granting the electronic agent legal personality. The integration of artificial intelligence and modern technology into commercial transactions has profoundly transformed the landscape of commercial law. Artificial intelligence techs, including natural language processing and machine learning algorithms, are increasingly utilized for contract formation, risk assessment, and dispute resolution. Such technologies enhance efficiency, decreases human error, and advance transactional processes, offering substantial advantages for businesses and consumers. Modern technology, consists of digital currencies, smart contracts, and blockchain, has further revolutionized commercial transactions through offering unprecedented levels of security, transparency, and automation. Blockchain technology warrants irreversible and provable records, while smart contracts perform automatically when predefined conditions are met. This minimizes the need for intermediaries and enhancing integrity of the transactions carried out. Additionally, this paper addresses the legal and regulatory responses to these technological advancements. Jurisdictions across the world are grappling with the need to update existing laws or come up with new ones in order to address the challenges posed by AI and modern tech in commerce. The dynamic nature of technology calls for a flexible and adaptive legal approach in order to make sure that commercial laws remains to be relevant and effective.

RECORDING, PRESERVATION, IMPROVEMENT AND USE OF AUTOCHTHONOUS GENETIC RESOURCES OF PLANTS IN THE REGION OF KORÇA

Korça, although a small area on the surface, stands out for its climatic, land and orthographic diversity. This has made that the genetic diversity, both in spontaneous and cultivated plants per area unit, to be quite wide. After the industrial revolution, there has been an exploitation on a large scale which has led to the narrowing of this biodiversity and in some cases, to their disappearance Collection is the first step in conservation of genetic resources. This includes a series of activities from germplasm exploration, collection of field materials, processing, documentation, to submission for storage Plant exploration was carried out at the time of flowering. At this stage was also determined, the most suitable deadline for the second visit during which the materials will be collected. Most germplasm collections were based on seed collection. Through the study, we identified resources with important genetic values of cultivars and autochthonous populations of the Korça region, such as corn, beans, tomatoes, peppers, onions, cabbage, leeks, watermelons, melons, fodder peas, apples, pears, walnuts, chestnut etc. The next important step is the introduction into the schemes of genetic improvement of seed production of plant forms, especially those that are of interest to farmers. From an economic point of view, this project made a contribution to the reduction of genetic erosion.

The tech revolution in the hotel industry and its impact on organizational citizenship behaviour and employee loyalty in an Indian context

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between Employee Engagement, OCB & Employee loyalty in the hotel industry of India. The study also explored the role of technology in the hotel industry & how it fosters behavioral changes among employees. It is a quantitative study & SPSS was used for mediation & moderated mediation analysis after conducting CFA using AMOS. The findings suggest that Employee engagement has a positive relationship with employee loyalty & that OCB mediates this relationship. Technology usage acts as a positive moderator between employee engagement & OCB. The study extends the literature on Self-determination theory & social exchange theory. The present study will help managers to understand the importance of technology in changing the behavior of employees & instilling a sense of belongingness in them.

Using AI-Enabled Tools to Support Minority Students’ Success in HE

Generative AI and large language models (LLMs) are transforming workplace literacy practices in the fourth industrial revolution. This study explored how master's students in educational leadership and teacher education programs at a minority-serving university in a low SES urban metroplex in the south-central USA perceive and experience using LLMs and AI-assisted software. The focus was on how these tools support their learning and help them demonstrate knowledge. Key themes include equitable access to AI tools, diverse applications in academic and professional contexts, building student confidence through support and training, using AI to enhance academic readiness and skills, identifying individual needs, enabling higher order thinking opportunities, and promoting ethical use and academic integrity.By addressing various issues of AI usage, institutions can better support underserved students in using disruptive technologies, contributing to their academic success and professional preparedness. Faculty must ensure students' needs are met before requiring the use of new technologies like generative AI and AI-enabled tools.

Unveiling the future: Smart airports - applications, advantages, strategies and technological challenges

Purpose: This paper aims to provide an insight onto the smart airport concept, its advantages and disadvantages as the world is constantly in a state of change. Concepts related to such revolution as well as its characteristics are increasingly being considered into various daily operations. As of so the concept of a Smart City has risen and with it the concept of a Smart Airport. These airports use these technologies to ease travelling processes and ensure safe and secure airports as well. Some of these are computerized check-ins and baggage tracks, smart screening, live tracking of passengers, and parking. Such changes in the aviation industry brought about by the fourth industrial revolution, guarantee that a number of airports will continue to grow.Design/methodology/approach: Through a thorough study of the literature available it was possible to meticulously describe the concept of a smart airport. Therefore, the approach was to synthesize multiple perspectives, theoretical perspectives to empirical evidence, which leads to the development of a solid and elaborate paper which aims at exploring the complexity of this emerging construct.Findings: Findings indicate that airports tend to follow innovations as they occur around the world. Financial budgets, security concerns, passenger and workforce perception and acceptance are also factors on how airports tend to implement new technologies which leads to why airports around the world are so different technologically from each other.Originality/value: This study is directly defined as a matter of explication and a qualitative investigation into airports of the future. This article which takes up a qualitative approach not only reports the existing trends, but also reflects the scheme of the theory and conclusion for the future. Furthermore, this paper adds to the conversation about smart cities and the aviation industry's effect at a broader scale.

국내 주요 대학의 핵심역량 혁신 사례 연구

Objectives Factors such as a decrease in the school-age population, the 4th Industrial Revolution, and the emphasis on social responsibility of universities have forced universities to establish their own core competencies to overcome the crisis. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the core competencies of major domestic universities and derive implications for the innovation of core competencies. Methods For this study, universities were selected from all regions of the country, including two from the metropolitan area, one from the Chungcheong area, two from the Gyeongsang area, and one from the Jeolla area. These universities were chosen based on their experience in core competency management. The study then conducted research by collecting academic papers, articles, surveys from each university's website, and conducting expert interviews. Results According to the survey results, major universities prioritize basic competencies required to demonstrate expertise, rather than job-specific skills, when it comes to talent development. Moreover, these universities focus on 2-6 core competencies related to talent. Finally, the measurement of these core competencies is done through a self-report questionnaire consisting of approximately 50 to 100 questions. Conclusions The findings of this study have important implications for other universities that aim to improve the competence of their students by establishing core competencies. Firstly, universities can look to other institutions for examples of effective core competency management and innovation, but should avoid excessive imitation. Secondly, in order to ensure the reliability and validity of the analysis of the university's core competency indicators, a balance between school and student perspectives is necessary. Thirdly, the results of core competency measurement should be used to develop student careers and strengthen their employment capabilities. Finally, strong leadership and management from the university's top management is required to bring about any necessary changes.

Research on the Performance of Thermoelectric Self-Powered Systems for Wireless Sensor Based on Industrial Waste Heat.

The issue of energy supply for wireless sensors is becoming increasingly severe with the advancement of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Thus, this paper proposed a thermoelectric self-powered wireless sensor that can harvest industrial waste heat for self-powered operations. The results show that this self-powered wireless sensor can operate stably under the data transmission cycle of 39.38 s when the heat source temperature is 70 °C. Only 19.57% of electricity generated by a thermoelectric power generation system (TPGS) is available for use. Before this, the power consumption of this wireless sensor had been accurately measured, which is 326 mW in 0.08 s active mode and 5.45 μW in dormant mode. Then, the verified simulation model was established and used to investigate the generation performance of the TPGS under the Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin boundary conditions. The minimum demand for a heat source is cleared for various data transmission cycles of wireless sensors. Low-temperature industrial waste heat is enough to drive the wireless sensor with a data transmission cycle of 30 s. Subsequently, the economic benefit of the thermoelectric self-powered system was also analyzed. The cost of one thermoelectric self-powered system is EUR 9.1, only 42% of the high-performance battery cost. Finally, the SEPIC converter model was established to conduct MPPT optimization for the TEG module and the output power can increase by up to approximately 47%. This thermoelectric self-powered wireless sensor can accelerate the process of achieving energy independence for wireless sensors and promote the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Effects of transformational leadership and organizational climate on project performance in industrial revolution 5.0: a systematic literature review

Purpose The relationships between transformational leadership (TL), organizational climate (OC) and project performance have been investigated by previous studies, but no review of existing studies has systematically analyzed the effects of TL and OC on project performance in the industrial revolution (IR) 5.0 era. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the effects of TL and OC on project performance in IR 5.0, and to identify mainstream research topics, research gaps and future research directions. Design/methodology/approach To do this, a total of 53 included journal articles were obtained after initially retrieving 648 documents from the Scopus database by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. It consists of four main steps, namely, identification of documents, screening, eligibility and included articles. In addition, science mapping analyses were conducted for keyword co-occurrence and document analyses, which aided in identifying the mainstream research topics, research gaps and future research directions. Findings The results report the annual publication trends, keywords and document analyses. Furthermore, a detailed qualitative discussion highlighted four mainstream research topics including TL in project management; the relationship between TL, OC and innovation; safety climate; and OC in project management. Moreover, this review study identified four research gaps and future research directions aligned with the mainstream research topics. They include: longitudinal investigations and multinational corporation surveys in TL; scope and longitudinal data in innovation; mono-method bias and universality of safety climate; and more comprehensive analyses of OC. Originality/value This review study would contribute to not only advancing the effects of TL and OC on project performance in IR 5.0, but also enabling project managers to understand TL or OC issues to improve project performance.

Navigating the Digital Revolution in the Food Industry: Consumers' Perceived Environmental Risks and Purchasing Decisions

Navigating the Digital Revolution in the Food Industry: Consumers' Perceived Environmental Risks and Purchasing Decisions

Enhancing Fiqh learning outcomes through artificial intelligence applications at Sekolah Indonesia Johor Bahru

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a transformative force in education, offering innovative solutions to enhance learning and teaching processes. This technology is revolutionising traditional educational methods by enabling more efficient, accessible, and engaging learning environments. This study aims to evaluate the impact of AI on Fiqh education at Sekolah Indonesia Johor Bahru (SIJB), reflecting the technological advancements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The research employs a quantitative quasi-experimental design, involving 73 students, to assess the effectiveness of AI tools in enhancing Fiqh learning outcomes. Pre-test and post-test data were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to measure the effect of AI-based interventions on student performance. The results indicate positive effects of AI-based learning methods on students in Fiqh education. Additionally, a four-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to assess students' perceptions of the ease of use of AI tools, their understanding, and the impact of these tools on learning. The study concludes that the integration of AI tools in Fiqh education at Sekolah Indonesia Johor Bahru significantly enhances students' knowledge and learning outcomes. The implications of these findings suggest that AI can be effectively integrated into Fiqh learning to foster a more engaging and efficient learning environment, ultimately improving student performance and understanding.

Development of Contextual Visual Media in Increasing MTs Students' Learning Motivation

Motivation has a strategic role in a person's learning activities, without motivation no one will learn and the learning process will not continue. The use of media in learning is very important because it makes the material presented easier to understand and makes students more motivated. Developing digital-based learning media is a good learning media to use in learning in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 and is believed to be able to increase student motivation. The aim of this research is to develop contextual visual media that can increase student motivation. The method used in this research uses the ADDIE model developed by Dick and Carry. The research results are in the form of contextual visual media which was developed using five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The validity test results are in the very good category, so the visual media developed is suitable for use in research. Based on the t test results of 0.012, these results indicate that the hypothesis is accepted, so it can be concluded that there is an increase in motivation after learning activities using the developed contextual visual media.

The fourth industrial revolution and the future of work: Reasons to worry and policies to consider

AbstractA striking feature of the contemporary U.S. economy is the widespread adoption of technologies associated with the 4th Industrial Revolution (IR) including sensors, industrial robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Empirical work investigating the labor market impacts of 4th IR technological advances reveals they are skill‐biased, primarily advancing job opportunities for those with high levels of formal of education, unlike prior industrial revolutions that were skill neutral. This paper explains how the 4th IR has fostered job polarization, greater technological unemployment, and increasing wage inequality. Moreover, we delineate why these developments are worrisome and likely to expand over time. We assert that policy intervention to promote reinstatement of technologically unemployed persons is warranted, because displacement of labor caused by automation creates negative externalities. Consequently, we provide an example of how tax policies could be used to curtail technological unemployment—without creating hurdles for the adoption of 4th IR innovations. We advance and describe a new, innovative way, for fiscal policy to foster employment opportunities for those at greatest risk of job loss through automation. The initiative entails government subsidies to promote the provision and acquisition of skill certificates that employers view as complementary with 4th Industrial Revolution Technologies.

Investigating Perceptions and Practices of Plagiarism among Nigerian Undergraduates in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era: The Role of ChatGPT

Investigating Perceptions and Practices of Plagiarism among Nigerian Undergraduates in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era: The Role of ChatGPT

Artificial intelligence as a core of the new industrial revolution: prospects and limitations

The purpose of the article is to define prospects and limitations of artificial intelligence as a core of in the new industrial revolution. The definition of the concept of AI in the scientific community remains the subject of heated debate. At the same time, in the regulatory and legal plane, a trend is being formed towards unification of the concept of AI. Based on the analysis conducted and literary sources, the following prospects for AI can be identified on theoretical and practical levels. On theoretical level: (1) alienation of tacit knowledge from the individual (employee and entrepreneur); (2) optimization of the planning system; (3) revision of the socialist-calculation debate; (4) decreasing information asymmetry. On practical level: (1) formation of new products and markets; (2) increasing labor and capital productivity; (3) massive creation of new jobs; (4) optimization of business processes; (5) opportunity for rapid growth for small businesses and startups. Limitations: (1) long-term structural unemployment; (2) inflated expectations from AI and, as a consequence, the possible formation of a speculative bubble in the global stock market; (3) energy consumption of AI; (4) outdated pre-AI corporate culture and regulatory environment. Further improvement of AI (including the transition from AI to AGI) and the expansion of its use can make a significant contribution to solving problems related to economic calculation and minimizing information asymmetry, and therefore optimizing transaction costs in the economy. AI, certainly acting as a locally useful tool at the level of individual enterprises and organizations, causes the acceleration of attracting funds to the stock market, which can lead to the formation of a bubble on global level. If this bubble bursts, expectations about the economic efficiency of AI will be revised, and some AI-related companies will experience significant margin reductions (perhaps losses and bankruptcies). But this, in turn, will initiate the next stage of AI development, will accelerate its transition from the current narrow specialization to the creation of full-fledged general artificial intelligence (artificial general intelligence), which has a greater potential to change the economy at all levels. As a result, AI will become established as the core of the new industrial revolution.

Historic ocean acidification of Loch Sween revealed by correlative geochemical imaging and high-resolution boron isotope analysis of Boreolithothamniom cf. soriferum

Ocean Acidification (OA) arises from the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration following the industrial revolution. The ecological and socio-economic consequences of OA were first identified around 10–15 years ago but remain poorly understood. This is particularly true in coastal regions where local processes can have dramatic consequences on pH trends through time, obscuring and compounding the long-term effects from rising atmospheric CO2. Here we explore the possibility of generating long records of coastal ocean pH using the skeletons of widely distributed coralline algae (CA). The skeletons of these slow growing (<1 mm/year) taxa often contain micron-scale heterogeneities, making sampling for high-resolution climate reconstructions using bulk sampling techniques difficult. Here we use laser ablation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers to generate high-resolution 2D images of the element/calcium ratios and boron isotope composition (δ11B) of a sample of Boreolithothamniom cf. soriferum from Loch Sween in Scotland, UK where we have been monitoring temperature since 2004 and pH during 2014. By carefully correlating the geochemical images with a scanning electron microscopy image we can segment them to remove the marginal portions of the skeleton, isolating the central growth axis to generate an age model and growth rate. The δ11B-pH is significantly elevated above the seawater pH in Loch Sween (8.4 to 8.9 vs. 7.9 to 8.1) consistent with other CA that show internal pH elevation. On a seasonal scale, internal pH is negatively correlated with temperature and also exhibits a long-term decline. By removing this temperature effect, internal pH can be correlated to seawater pH during the 2014 monitoring period allowing us to reconstruct a seawater acidification trend from 2004 to 2018 of -0.018 pH units per year, 10x higher than open ocean trends but consistent with contemporaneous monitoring efforts of UK coastal waters. Reconstructed aqueous CO2 suggests that prior to ∼2008 Loch Sween was a sink of CO2 but after this date, particularly during the early summer, it was a substantial CO2 source. Comparison of reconstructed aqueous CO2 with a record of calcification rate of our sample of Boreolithothamniom cf. soriferum suggests this acidification and associated rise in local seawater pCO2 may have freed this sample from carbon limitation leading to a recent increase in calcification.

Does 4IR and Covid 19 Effect The Quality of Work Life and Living Standard of Women Workers? Evidence from Selected RMG Firms in Bangladesh

Purposes The study's main objective is to find out the impact of the fourth industrial revolution and covid-19 on women workers of selected Ready-Made Garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. Methodology This study mainly followed a quantitative research approach with survey study. Total 18 garments (case) has been chosen randomly from DSE listed RMG firm based on access priority. Sample size for survey study has been determined by statistical method is 384. But this study consider total (15*27) = 405. Data have been collected from selected respondents (women workers) using structured questionnaire. Findings The study reveals that women workers in the RMG sector exhibit a remarkable lack of anxiety about their work-life quality, largely due to their experience and resilience in handling the challenges of their profession. It highlights the adaptability of these workers and underscores the importance of targeted support and interventions to promote sustainable livelihoods and better working conditions amid persistent challenges. Implications The study's findings can inform policymakers about the specific challenges faced by women workers in the RMG sector due to the convergence of 4IR and the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/Value this study's originality and value lie in its intersectional analysis, empirical evidence, contextual specificity, practical implications, and contributions to knowledge, all of which enrich our understanding of the complex dynamics shaping the lives of women workers in Bangladesh's RMG sector amidst the challenges of 4IR and COVID-19. Limitations The study's findings may be limited by the scope of the selected RMG firms and the sample size of women workers included in the research. While efforts were made to ensure diversity within the sample, the findings may not be representative of all women workers in the RMG sector in Bangladesh, limiting the generalizability of the results.

Validating the Causal Relationship between Quantum Leadership and Employee Innovation Performance from the Perspective of Organizational Sustainability

In the quantum era, the rapid development of enterprises cannot be separated from the efforts of employees, and the improvement of employee performance is also closely related to the behavior and attitude of organizational leaders. Quantum leadership, as a new leadership paradigm, differs from traditional Newtonian classical mechanics in that it emphasizes wholeness and interconnectedness, considers new ideas as the key to success, and values complex changes in the organizational environment, thus helping the organization provide sustainable development in the future. In addition, quantum leadership is able to manage in chaotic and potentially uncertain environments, encouraging employees to explore new ideas for solving problems, stimulating enthusiasm and motivation for innovation, and thus improving the level of employee performance. In particular, as the importance of innovation performance has been emphasized, it has been considered as a key variable in driving and promoting sustainable organizational development. Moreover, this study is different from previous studies that validate traditional leadership. We focus on an emerging type of leadership that distinguishes itself from traditional leadership—quantum leadership—which is a leadership model that is currently receiving a lot of attention. In the uncertain future environment, quantum leadership is gradually becoming a key factor for business growth and plays an important role in the survival and development of organizations in the future environment. Based on this research background, this study argues that quantum leadership is closely related to employee innovation performance. This study examines whether quantum leadership improves employee innovation performance and the sequential multiple mediating effects of organizational intelligence and knowledge sharing. Most of the previous studies focused only on the mediating or moderating role of the model. This study expands this area of research by incorporating the moderating role of innovative culture and validating its effects. This finding explores the development of quantum leadership and provides a theoretical foundation for related research. In addition, this study collected data from 345 employees of Chinese SMEs in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. These results suggest that quantum leadership positively affects innovation performance. Organizational intelligence and knowledge sharing have multiple serial mediating effects on quantum leadership and innovation performance. Moreover, the interaction between innovative culture and knowledge sharing improves employees’ innovation performance. Therefore, this study clarifies the causal relationship between quantum leadership and innovation performance through theoretical and validated research models. It lays the foundation for the sustainable development of organizations in the future.

Increasing creativity, production innovation and commercialization through the new teaching factory model based on life skills

This research aims to implement and develop a new teaching and learning factory model based on life skills in Vocational Secondary Education (SME) Creative and Production Crafts Expertise Program. This model is designed to support the needs of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 by integrating project-based learning through collaboration between the school curriculum and the industrial world. This research usesmixed methods, with a quasi-experimental design involving control and experimental groups using pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the new teaching and learning factory model was valid and reliable based on expert validation tests. The implementation of this model successfully increased students' creativity in product design, production, and commercialisation, and it developed social skills such as critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and interpersonal skills. In conclusion, the implementation of the life skills-based teaching factory model is effective in preparing students to face the challenges of the world of work, improving innovation skills, and supporting production processes that are relevant to industry needs. The contribution of this research is in the development of an innovative learning model that integrates the education curriculum with the world of work, thus producing graduates who are better prepared to face the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0.

Spatiotemporal evolution of air-sea CO2 flux in the Northwest Pacific and its response to ENSO

Global warming, driven by human activities since the Industrial Revolution, has significantly elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, leading to higher global temperatures and a rise in extreme weather events. The ocean, as a major carbon sink, has absorbed about 30% of human-induced carbon emissions, helping mitigate global warming’s impacts. This study examines the spatiotemporal distribution of air-sea CO2 flux in the Northwest Pacific from 1982 to 2021 and its response to El Niño-Southern Oscillation, using Empirical Orthogonal Function and composite analysis. The seasonal patterns of air-sea CO2 flux and the influence of environmental factors were further evaluated. The results show that air-sea CO2 flux in the Northwest Pacific exhibits clear seasonal fluctuations. In winter, high-latitude areas act as significant carbon sources. Strong winds deepen the mixed layer, promoting CO2 release from the ocean into the atmosphere. In contrast, in summer, longer daylight hours, rising SST, and melting sea ice lead to upwelling, which brings nutrients to the surface and stimulates phytoplankton growth. This process turns the region into a carbon sink as phytoplankton growth, driven by intense sunlight, enhances the ocean’s CO2 absorption. The mid-latitude region consistently acts as a carbon sink year-round. During El Niño events, more negative air-sea CO2 flux anomalies appear in the eastern Northwest Pacific, enhancing carbon uptake. La Niña events have the opposite effect in the eastern regions. These findings highlight the Northwest Pacific’s critical role in modulating regional and global carbon cycles under varying climatic conditions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for improving predictions of future climate impacts and for developing effective strategies to mitigate global warming.

Making High Thermoelectric and Superior Mechanical Performance Nb0.88Hf0.12FeSb Half-Heusler via Additive Manufacturing.

Thermoelectric generators held great promise through energy harvesting from waste heat. Their practical application, however, is greatly constrained by poor raw material utilization and tedious processing in fabricating desired shapes. Herein, a state-of-the-art process is reported for 3D printing the half-Heusler (Nb0.88Hf0.12FeSb) thermoelectric material using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The multi-dimensional intra- and inter-granular defects created by this process greatly suppress thermal conductivity by providing numerous phonon scattering centers. The resulting LPBF-fabricated half-Heusler exhibits a high figure of merit ≈1.2 at 923K and a single-leg maximum efficiency of ≈3.3% at a temperature difference (ΔT) of 371K. Hafnium oxide nanoparticles generated during LPBF effectively prevent crack propagation, ensuring competent mechanical performance and reliable thermoelectric output. The findings highlight the significant potential of LPBF in driving the next industrial revolution of highly efficient and customizable thermoelectric materials.