Regulation Of Industry Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ МЕР ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ОТРАСЛИ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The need for state support for cattle breeding is important in market conditions. The current situation causes difficulties in many areas. The cattle breeding industry is no exception, in the current situation it is experiencing certain difficulties associated with the instability of the external and internal environment. This segment is important in the field of ensuring the food market. Government support for the livestock industry, as a rule, leads to an increase in the production of meat, meat and dairy products. However, a number of industry problems are being identified, including the unstable profitability of cattle breeding enterprises. Therefore, in our opinion, there is a need for timely research in this area in general, in particular, issues related to the regulation of the cattle industry at the state level and the measures taken to support and develop it.

Analysis of the Causes of Baolong Real Estate Bond Default

The real estate industry, as a pillar industry of China's national economy, plays an important role in the development of the economy and society. However, in recent years, due to the impact of the epidemic and the tightening of industry regulation, credit risks in the real estate industry have begun to accelerate exposure. Since 2021, there have been frequent defaults on real estate company bonds, and the scale of defaults has rapidly climbed to the top of the industry. Therefore, in-depth analysis of the reasons behind the wave of defaults by real estate companies has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed. This article takes Baolong Real Estate as the research object to explore the causes of its bond default. Research has found that: The fundamental reason for the default of Baolong Real Estate bonds lies in the company's operational strategy mistakes and neglect of debt management. The company's heavy holdings in the third and fourth tier real estate markets, coupled with an increase in commercial real estate, have weakened the company's profitability and operational capabilities. In addition, the company's asset liability ratio is too high and there is a problem of mismatched debt maturity. After entering the centralized redemption period, under the dual pressure of tightened external financing environment and hindered internal sales collection, bond defaults ultimately occurred.

The Influence of Industrial Regulations, Strategic Alliances, and Market Competition on Perceived of Firm Performance (Case Study of a Private Construction Sector Companies in Balikpapan)

Providing infrastructure is one of the fundamental sectors that must be realized in the context of economic development so that general prosperity can be achieved. In its implementation, the Government has determined projects that fall into the National Strategic Project (PSN) category, the aim of which is to meet basic needs and improve community welfare. Kalimantan Island in particular has 13 projects with a total investment value of Rp. 240.3 trillion. Funding for basic infrastructure and connectivity projects comes from the government, government-private partnerships, state-owned companies and the private sector. One of the main regulations is the public-private partnership (PPP) policy, which allows BUMN and private companies to work together in developing strategic projects. Poor governance in state-owned enterprises hinders effective collaboration with private companies in the Balikpapan construction sector, primarily through capability, resource and politicization gaps that affect industry regulations, market competition and strategic alliances. This research uses a survey method to collect data using a questionnaire. Sampling was carried out using a non-probability method with a purposive sampling approach. The sample in this study consisted of 31 respondents who were company representatives or directors or top managers of private companies in Balikpapan City which formed alliances with other private companies when participating in National Strategic Projects. This research uses SEM-PLS with the SmartPLS 3.0 application tool. Based on the results of this study and the discussion that has been carried out, the following conclusions can be drawn: Industry regulation affects financial performance, industry regulation affects customer performance, industry regulation affects business process performance, industry regulation affects learning and growth performance, strategic alliance affects financial performance, strategic alliance affects customer performance, strategic alliance affects business process performance, strategic alliance affects learning and growth performance, market competition affects financial performance, market competition affects customer performance, market competition affects business process performance, market competition affects learning and growth performance, and overall that industry regulation, strategic alliance, and market competition have significant influence on perceived performance of private companies in Balikpapan construction sector.

State and trends of regulation of crypto assets and cryptocurrency exchanges

This article analyses the current state and trends in the regulation of trading of crypto assets and crypto exchanges at the global level. The enacted laws and regulations of the jurisdictions of the United States of America (herein-after referred to as USA) and the European Union (hereinafter referred to as EU) are indicated. It is emphasised that the regulatory framework of the EU is an example of effective international regulation. It is noted that the legislation in the USA regarding the regulation of the crypto exchanges and crypto assets is at the development stage, and there are contradictions between authorities considering the scope of the necessary regulation. The steps that should be taken at the global level to harmonise regulatory standards are analysed. The key directions for the development of the global regulation of the crypto exchanges include expansion of requirements to combat money laundering and financing of terrorism, introduction of mechanisms for training and protecting investors and information disclosure requirements. The author emphasises the need for interaction between industry representatives and regulators to manage the risks associated with cryptocurrencies, including prevention of market manipulation and fraud. The results of the work will be useful in shaping the concepts of the national and global regular framework regarding the trading of the crypto assets. Methods of analysis, synthesis, formal-logical, comparative, and descriptive analysis have been used as research methods.

Research on Pharmaceutical Tax Management Issues in the Digital Economy

In the era of the digital economy, the deep integration of information technology with the pharmaceutical industry has become a new engine for innovation and development in the pharmaceutical sector. However, the integration of the pharmaceutical industry faces a series of challenges, such as difficulties in the identification of tax elements, asymmetry of tax-related information, low levels of informatization in pharmaceutical enterprises, insufficient information technology capabilities in tax authorities, and incomplete policies and regulations in the pharmaceutical industry, which constrain the healthy development of pharmaceutical companies. Against the backdrop of modern tax governance reform, the pharmaceutical industry urgently needs to strengthen tax management to adapt to new changes. Firstly, tax authorities need to leverage information technology to innovate and transform the systems of tax law enforcement, services, and regulation. Secondly, pharmaceutical companies need to use information technology to solidify their management foundations and enhance their capabilities and skills. Lastly, tax laws and policies related to the pharmaceutical industry need to be adjusted and improved in a timely manner to meet the new requirements of the digital transformation in the pharmaceutical sector. With the joint efforts of all parties, support and protection can be provided for the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry. 在数字经济时代，信息技术与医药产业的深度融合，已成为推动医药行业创新和发展的新引擎。然而，医药产业融合发展过程中面临一系列挑战，税收要素认定困难、涉税信息不对称、医药企业信息化水平不高、税收部门信息化征管能力不足、医药行业政策法规不健全等，制约医药企业健康发展。在税收治理现代化改革背景下，医药行业亟需加强税收管理以适应新变化。首先税务机关需要利用信息技术，实现税务执法、服务、监管制度的创新和变革。其次医药企业需要运用信息化手段，夯实管理基础，提升能力与本领。最后医药税收法规政策需要与时俱进的调整与完善，以适应医药行业数字化转型的新要求。在多方共同努力之下，为医药行业的健康发展提供支持和保障。

The Role of Self-regulation in Media Concentration in Mongolia: Based on The Network Theory

Free, fair, and independent media are essential for a democracy to function effectively. Media interact with politicians and other powerful members of society, play a significant role as a public watchdog, and serve the public. However, in a free democracy, the media must be held accountable and must be transparent. Journalists must follow specific legal and ethical regulations. Regulations for the media industry are generally divided into three categories: state regulation, independent self-regulation, and co-regulation with participation from civil society. Media Councils make ethical decisions on news coverage and journalistic behaviors by applying the Code of Ethics consisting of professional journalistic standards. It is important to point out that they are independent institutions set up by the media industry. An effective media self-regulation system is essential to promote the pluralism of journalism, diversity, and independent media, as well as to ensure citizens’ rights to seek and receive reliable and credible information. Consequently, they are neither authorities nor courts.This study focuses on the above three kinds of media regulation and their advantages and disadvantages in media concentration. It will also explain the relationship between network theory and media development. Furthermore, it will discuss the advantages of and opportunities for a media self-regulation mechanism in the current media development in Mongolia, based on resolved journalistic cases by the Media Council’s Ethics Committees.

The tariff regulation of railway freight transportation in EU

The article examines the provisions of the EU legislation on the tariff regulation of rail freight transportation, as well as the prospects of their implementation in the domestic system of industry regulation. It is emphasized that the implementation of European rules of tariff regulation on railway transport is an important factor in the development of a competitive environment in the market of transport services, as well as a necessary prerequisite for the attraction of internal and external investments in the development of the railway industry. Such adaptation is extremely important for reducing transport costs, improving the quality of services and the overall efficiency of rail freight transportation. The key provisions of the Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe of 21.11.2012 № 2001/14/EU “Creation of a single European railway space”, which defines the rules for collecting fees for the use of railway infrastructure by freight transport operators, are highlighted. It is emphasized that the Directive envisages the separation of infrastructure management and transport operations to prevent conflicts of interest and stimulate fair competition among market operators. It also defines railway companies’ rights to access infrastructure and establishes transparent pricing mechanisms. The article examines the European experience of creating independent regulatory bodies authorized to monitor market practices, monitor compliance with safety standards, and ensure fair pricing mechanisms. It was concluded that the implementation of the provisions of the EU legislation on the tariff regulation of rail freight transportation will ensure a significant increase in the competitiveness of domestic rail transport by improving the access of national carriers to the European transport infrastructure, optimizing logistics on rail transport, ensuring transparency and reasonableness of pricing, creating equal conditions for national railway operators. The importance of the consistent implementation of the provisions of the EU legislation on the tariff regulation of rail freight transportation in the context of the Europeanization of domestic legislation on rail transport and the regulatory approximation provided for by the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU is emphasized.

The next generation of AI tools are coming, do we need to better regulate them?

This research investigates the importance for robust regulation and legislation to properly govern the development of ‘Frontier Artificial Intelligence Systems’. To do this a comparison of approaches of both existing and proposed legislation has been taken which includes from the US, UK and EU. This has involved reading both summations, assessments and opinions from both academic writers and the media and making comparisons with other industry regulations issues such as Social Media. The key findings of this research highlight the different approaches being taken to the same problem. Legislation that came into force on August the 1st 2024 from the EU takes a safety-first approach, identifying risk levels from ‘unacceptable risk’ that would be prohibited, down to ‘minimal risk’ which would remain unregulated. This is compared to the UK White Paper, which advocated an innovation first approach with a secondary focus on safety. With the potential risks associated with AI enhanced cyber-attacks and the spread of disinformation across different platforms, this research emphasises the importance of strong regulation in relation to safety and ensuring this happens from the outset in the development of ‘Frontier AI’ and is not an afterthought.

Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is unequally distributed across space and time, with inputs to terrestrial ecosystems impacted by industry regulations and variations in human activity. Soil carbon (C) content normally controls the fraction of mineralized N that is nitrified (ƒnitrified), affecting N bioavailability for plants and microbes. However, it is unknown whether N deposition has modified the relationships among soil C, net N mineralization, and net nitrification. To test whether N deposition alters the relationship between soil C and net N transformations, we collected soils from coniferous and deciduous forests, grasslands, and residential yards in 14 regions across the contiguous United States that vary in N deposition rates. We quantified rates of net nitrification and N mineralization, soil chemistry (soil C, N, and pH), and microbial biomass and function (as beta-glucosidase (BG) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity) across these regions. Following expectations, soil C was a driver of ƒnitrified across regions, whereby increasing soil C resulted in a decline in net nitrification and ƒnitrified. The ƒnitrified value increased with lower microbial enzymatic investment in N acquisition (increasing BG:NAG ratio) and lower active microbial biomass, providing some evidence that heterotrophic microbial N demand controls the ammonium pool for nitrifiers. However, higher total N deposition increased ƒnitrified, including for high soil C sites predicted to have low ƒnitrified, which decreased the role of soil C as a predictor of ƒnitrified. Notably, the drop in contemporary atmospheric N deposition rates during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic did not weaken the effect of N deposition on relationships between soil C and ƒnitrified. Our results suggest that N deposition can disrupt the relationship between soil C and net N transformations, with this change potentially explained by weaker microbial competition for N. Therefore, past N inputs and soil C should be used together to predict N dynamics across terrestrial ecosystems.

Importance of ethical behavior in sales organizations

The study explores the critical role of ethical behavior within sales organizations, highlighting its impact on trust, reputation, and sustainability. With increasing scrutiny from regulatory bodies and customers, ethical practices have become essential in mitigating legal risks, fostering long-term client relationships, and maintaining a positive corporate image. The research investigates the multifaceted effects of ethical behavior, including its influence on organizational culture, employee motivation, and adherence to legal frameworks. Through qualitative methodologies, the study delves into the ethical dilemmas faced by sales professionals, the organizational factors shaping their conduct, and the implications of ethical or unethical practices on customer loyalty and brand reputation. Additionally, it examines the alignment of ethical behavior with corporate social responsibility, emphasizing its broader societal impact. By addressing gaps in current literature, this research provides actionable insights for fostering an ethical culture within sales teams and enhancing compliance with industry regulations. Ultimately, the findings aim to equip organizations with strategies to build sustainable and ethically sound sales environments.

Seasonal Inter-comparison of Fine Particulate Matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) Over Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The seasonality of meteorology significantly influences the distribution of atmospheric pollution that have harmful effect on human, environment and economy. Similarly, Ethiopia has erratic seasons, this can impact air pollution. Thus, this study focused on intercomparison of PurpleAir PM<sub>2.5 </sub>measurement at Addis Ababa city. The existing data processed by R software. Accordingly, the finding show that, during the rainy season, PM<sub>2.5 </sub>levels exhibit a consistent pattern with concentrations peaking in the early night and reaching their lowest at midday. At Black Lion Hospital (BLH), peak concentrations extend to midday due to <i>due to heavy traffic and cross-sectional jams to travel commercial areas</i>. In contrast, during the semi-rainy and dry seasons, PM<sub>2.5 </sub>levels peak in the early morning and decrease by midday. Hourly variations in PM<sub>2.5 </sub>concentrations could be influenced by factors such as temperature inversion, wind, relative humidity, and solar intensity, alongside transportation and industrial activities. Analysis reveals that a significant proportion of the seasonal hourly mean trend during the rainy season, vary in between 30 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3 of the hourly data while 15 µg/m3 to 40 µg/m3 of data in both the semi-rainy and dry seasons also surpass these guidelines. Despite the general reduction in pollution levels due to rain, the rainy season still contributes to elevated PM<sub>2.5 </sub>concentrations, posing substantial risks to human health, the environment, and development activities. The monthly mean pattern further highlights a peak in PM<sub>2.5 </sub>concentrations during the rainy season, underscoring the complex dynamics of air quality. This finding emphasizes the need for targeted strategies to manage pollution throughout the year. The finding suggest that, expand air quality monitoring, and reduce traffic emissions, strengthen industrial regulations and increase public awareness. It may relevance for air quality management strategies for local and regional governments.

Precision apiculture system: honey traceability from hive to spoon

Honey is one of the most adulterated food substances and is also prone to mislabeling and fraudulent mixing with low-quality honey. Due to this, severe health issues and economic losses to authentic beekeepers have been reported. Though several technologies and systems have been applied in different parts of the world to achieve complete transparency in the honey traceability mechanism, honey adulteration remains a pressing issue among its various stakeholders. This article discusses various issues that arise due to fraudulent honey, different honey traceability systems implemented across the world, drawbacks of the existing systems and a novel app “Sumadhu” that has been developed to serve as a comprehensive honey traceability system based on data science, machine learning, GPS, across the honey supply chain to track the honey right from its harvest from the bee hive to the spoon of the end consumer in a methodical manner. The Sumadhu app was applied in India and data were collected at various supply chain stages through the app and analyzed to assess impacts on traceability, stakeholder connectivity, economic benefits, operational efficiency, etc. The Sumadhu app addresses critical issues in honey traceability by using data science, GPS, blockchain, and machine learning. The app’s potential for scalability and integration with government systems positions it as a groundbreaking solution for global honey traceability challenges. This study emphasizes the importance of developing advanced traceability systems to ensure the purity and authenticity of honey, benefiting all stakeholders and providing critical information to government entities for better industry regulation.

Examining the Spatial and Temporal Variation of PM2.5 and Its Linkage with Meteorological Conditions in Dhaka, Bangladesh

This study investigates the temporal and spatial variations in PM2.5 concentrations in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from 2001 to 2023 and evaluates the impact of meteorological factors and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies on air pollution. Using satellite and ground-based data, this study analyzed the seasonal trends, daily fluctuations, and the influence of COVID-19 lockdown measures on air quality. Our findings reveal a persistent increase in PM2.5 levels, particularly during winter, with concentrations frequently exceeding WHO guidelines. Our analysis suggests significant correlations between meteorological conditions and PM2.5 concentration, highlighting the significant role of meteorological conditions, such as rainfall, humidity, and temperature, in modulating PM2.5 levels. Our analysis found that PM2.5 levels exhibited a significant inverse correlation with relative humidity (r = −0.72), rainfall (r = −0.69), and temperatures (r = −0.79), highlighting the role of meteorological conditions in mitigating pollution levels. Additionally, the study underscores the temporary improvements in air quality during lockdown periods, demonstrating the potential benefits of sustained emission control measures. The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive and multi-faceted air quality management strategies, including stringent vehicular and industrial emissions regulations, enhancement of urban green spaces, and public awareness campaigns to mitigate the adverse health impacts of PM2.5 pollution in Dhaka.

Moms and micro-influencers: A new profile for brands on Instagram

Influencer marketing has become a fundamental tool in advertising. At the same time, the presence of minors on social media has become widespread, especially on their parents’ channels, as seen with micro-influencer mothers (those with less than 100 000 followers). This study aims to understand their communication and engagement strategies through an exploratory data analysis of the Instagram activity of five micro-influencers during five months (August to December 2022), analyzing 276 posts. The research shows that, like instamoms, the profiles studied feature several brands employing different advertising techniques, often lacking transparency regarding their commercial relationships. Most posts that showcase brands do not include any disclosure about a commercial collaboration. Fashion brands appear more frequently, but the food sector is particularly concerning, as many promote unhealthy products. Minors play an essential role by appearing in the most-liked and commercial posts. The results highlight the involvement of minors in profiles that fail to comply with key industry regulations, despite a great deal of advertising activity occurs, along with a lack of transparency from both micro-influencers and brands.

Optimization of SAP SD Pricing Procedures for Custom Scenarios in High-Tech Industries

The high-tech industry operates in a dynamic environment requiring customized solutions for unique business scenarios. Pricing procedures within the SAP Sales and Distribution (SD) module are critical for managing complex pricing structures and ensuring profitability. This paper explores the optimization of SAP SD pricing procedures to address the specific needs of custom scenarios in high-tech industries. It identifies the challenges posed by highly configurable products, multi-tiered pricing, and intricate tax structures often associated with these industries. A systematic approach is proposed for enhancing pricing accuracy and efficiency, leveraging SAP’s flexible condition technique. The study introduces strategies for tailoring pricing schemas, condition types, and access sequences to handle unique requirements, such as volume-based discounts, region-specific pricing, and bundled product offers. Furthermore, it examines the integration of external pricing engines and advanced analytics to complement standard SAP functionalities, ensuring seamless scalability and adaptability to market changes. Case studies are presented to illustrate the successful implementation of optimized pricing procedures in high-tech enterprises, highlighting improved sales order processing times, increased pricing transparency, and reduced revenue leakage. The findings emphasize the importance of aligning pricing strategies with organizational goals while maintaining compliance with industry regulations. This research provides a roadmap for SAP consultants and business leaders to achieve greater agility and precision in pricing operations, fostering competitiveness in an ever-evolving marketplace. By addressing the unique challenges of high-tech industries, this study demonstrates how customized SAP SD pricing optimizations can drive operational excellence and business growth.

Regulation of the dairy processing industry by leading global exporters

Introduction. In today’s globalised world, the dairy processing industry is crucial in ensuring food security and economic growth for many countries. Leading global exporters of dairy products face numerous challenges related to the regulation of this industry, including control over production values and prices, quality standards, product safety, etc. Studying the regulatory practices of the dairy processing industry in these countries provides valuable insights into which approaches contribute to the development of the sector and enhance its competitiveness in the global market. Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to conduct the analysis and comparison of dairy industry regulation strategies in leading exporting countries, to identify the threats and sustainability of their approaches. Methods. The research was carried out using the following methods: analysis and synthesis – to characterize the modern mainstream of theoretical intelligence in the field of regional security; comparative analysis – to compare the structures of regional security management in different parts of the world; deductions and inductions – to form a conceptual model of global governance; tabular and visual methods – for visual presentation of the material. Results. The article provides a retrospective review and comparison of dairy industry development programs in the European Union, the United States, Canada, and New Zealand over the past 50 years. New Zealand’s model is based on a market-oriented approach that integrates the dairy sector into the global economy, granting significant autonomy to market participants. However, despite its clearly neoliberal character, the state has played a crucial role in shaping the sector, with the leading dairy cooperative holding a near-monopoly status, indicative of a “neo-corporatist” model. In contrast, Canada’s approach involves substantial government intervention in dairy market regulation, reflecting a “neo-statist” model. The European Union and the United States employ a mixed regulatory framework incorporating elements of neoliberalism, neo-statism, and neo-corporatism. Discussion. The spread of neoliberal ideas and the implementation of its institutions have significantly impacted dairy industry regulation. Reforms have gradually dismantled the previous institutional hierarchy, compelling governments to adapt to global markets and competitive conditions. However, practice demonstrates that not all major dairy-producing countries have pursued deregulation. Instead, neoliberal principles have been adapted to national and regional contexts, allowing governments to maintain substantial interventions in the dairy sector of many leading nations. Additionally, following the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent global geopolitical crises, there has been a resurgence of regulatory processes, accompanied by increasing regional tensions. These trends have been observed across various sectors, with the dairy industry also reflecting this historical shift. Prospects. In future scientific studies, it is advisable to more clearly define the problems and directions for improving the deregulation of the milk processing industry by the world’s leading exporters.

Integrative metabolomics – GC-IMS approach to assess metabolic and flavour substance shifts during fermentation of Yangjiang douchi

Douchi is traditional Chinese condiment. In this study, electronic sense, GC-IMS and metabolomics were combined to analyse the changes in flavour profiles and metabolites of Yangjiang douchi at different fermentation stages. The results showed that umami was the primary taste characteristic of douchi. Aldehydes, esters, and ketones representing the predominant flavour compounds. Metabolomic analysis identified 13 compounds as key differential metabolites, which were mainly enriched in the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in lipid metabolism. The correlation analysis indicated that heptanal, hexanal, phenyl acetaldehyde, benzene acetaldehyde and abhexone may be the key aroma substances during fermentation. The major free fatty acids that may act as key flavour precursors are palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. This study provides a scientific basis for the industrial regulation of Yangjiang douchi fermentation.

Integrating Quality at Source into Supplier Management: A Pathway to Cost Efficiency and Regulatory Compliance

In an increasingly competitive global market, organizations are seeking to enhance both cost efficiency and regulatory compliance in their supply chains. This paper explores the integration of Quality at Source (Q@S) into supplier management as a strategic pathway to achieve these goals. Quality at Source is a proactive approach that emphasizes defect prevention and quality assurance at the earliest stages of production, specifically at the supplier level. By embedding Q@S principles within supplier management, companies can not only reduce the financial burden associated with defect detection and correction but also mitigate risks associated with non-compliance with industry regulations. The study identifies key benefits of Q@S, including cost savings through reduced waste, improved production efficiency, and minimized need for extensive downstream quality control. Additionally, it demonstrates how Q@S facilitates regulatory compliance by ensuring that quality standards are met consistently, thus simplifying audits and reducing the likelihood of penalties. The paper details a framework for Q@S implementation, covering essential steps such as supplier selection, establishing quality metrics, conducting regular audits, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement among suppliers. Through a combination of case studies and data-driven insights, the paper illustrates the tangible benefits of Q@S integration. Real-world examples showcase successful applications of Q@S across different industries, highlighting significant cost reductions and enhanced compliance. Furthermore, this research discusses the challenges companies may face, such as initial investment costs and resistance to change from suppliers, and provides strategies for overcoming these barriers. The paper concludes by examining the role of advanced digital technologies—such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain—in furthering Q@S initiatives. These technologies enable real-time monitoring and data transparency, enhancing the capacity of organizations to track supplier performance and maintain quality standards. The findings underscore the importance of Quality at Source as an essential component of modern supplier management, providing a roadmap for organizations aiming to achieve cost-effective, compliant, and sustainable supply chains.

Veterinary Collaboration and Modernization in the French Animal By-Products Industry, 1940–1944

Abstract Scholars studying the Second World War animal by-products industry have underestimated the systematic nature and broad scope of German intervention. This article examines how the close co-operation between French and German veterinarians, reflecting a shared professional interest in animal slaughter and disease control, facilitated the large-scale restructuring and modernization of French carcass disposal under Nazi occupation from 1940 to 1944. Animal by-products were an important resource for Germany’s war effort. Drawing on the previously unexploited papers of Wehrmacht veterinarian Conrad Herbig and the archives of the Vichy Salvage Service, I argue that German veterinary officers, in collaboration with their French counterparts, leveraged their expertise to impose a new vision of hygienic and efficient rendering practices in France. Herbig’s experiences in the Indre-et-Loire department reveal how the Nazi occupation authorities harnessed French material and institutional resources to direct French hides, fats, and bones towards German military production, even as logistical constraints limited their ambitions. Franco-German veterinary collaboration under Vichy represented an intensification of long-term trends towards professionalization, industrial concentration, and hygienic regulation in the French meat industry. This microhistorical case-study thus sheds new light on the dynamics of the occupation and its post-war impact on French agriculture and food production.

Public complaints of water pollution: A long-term spatiotemporal analysis in Japan

Public complaints about water pollution are important indicators of public environmental risk perception and provide crucial feedback for evaluating the effectiveness of water resource management strategies. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of water pollution complaints in Japan from 1989 to 2021, utilizing integrated datasets that include river networks, water quality monitoring stations, regional industrial demographics, and socioeconomic indicators. Our findings reveal a significant decline in complaints—over 45% from the peak in 2006—following the implementation of various environmental policies aimed at reducing industrial discharge and restoring natural ecosystem function. The shift in complaint targets from industries to individuals suggests that these policies have been effective in mitigating industrial pollution, while also highlighting the need to address individual behaviors that impact water quality. Despite long-term improvement in water quality indicators such as Suspended Solids (SS) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), no significant correlation was observed between these indicators and the temporal or spatial patterns of water pollution complaints. Instead, a strong positive correlation was observed between complaints and reported water quality incidents, reflecting heightened public sensitivity to acute pollution events. Spatial analysis further identified a significant association between complaints and the manufacturing workforce, indicating that industrial activity continues to shape public perception of water pollution risks. Our findings underscore the complex interaction between public perception, environmental policies, and industrial activities, and suggest that effective water management requires a multifaceted approach. Policymakers should continue to enforce stringent industrial regulations, while also enhancing public education and communication strategies to improve awareness of individual responsibilities in water protection. This research provides a theoretical basis for developing more responsive and effective environmental policies and public education strategies.