Profitability Of Industry Research Articles

The new era of Bitcoin: Profits, progress and potential in the inscription-driven crypto industry

The introduction of the Ordinals Protocol and BRC-20 tokens, featuring the pioneering concept of Inscriptions, signifies a pivotal evolution in the Bitcoin network. Officially launched on 21st January, 2023, this innovation embeds a unique blend of tokenisation and non-fungible attributes directly into Bitcoin’s base layer, akin to engraving precious metals. This paper thoroughly examines the technical underpinnings and market implications of BRC-20 tokens, focusing on the stark contrasts with traditional ERC-20 tokens and initial coin offerings. Unlike ERC-20, Inscriptions integrate seamlessly into Bitcoin’s existing structure, offering a decentralised model that strengthens the principles of a true fair launch in decentralised finance. The study critically assesses the reception within the Bitcoin community, balancing the potential enhancements in Blockchain functionality against concerns regarding foundational principles. Furthermore, it explores the profound implications for stakeholders such as miners, exchanges and developers and evaluates the transformative impact on the cryptocurrency ecosystem at large. Ultimately, this paper elucidates the role of Inscriptions in redefining the trajectory of Bitcoin and shaping the future landscape of Blockchain technologies, emphasising their potential to foster equity and innovation in token distribution.

Determinants of Profitability of the Islamic Life Insurance Industry in Indonesia

Determinants of Profitability of the Islamic Life Insurance Industry in Indonesia

Characterization and Identification of Potential Lactic Acid Bacteria as Biological Control Agent against Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis of the Banana Blood Disease

Banana is one of the primary fruits cultivated in Malaysia and currently decimated by the emergence of a disease, known as banana blood disease (BBD) which caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis (Rsc). The BBD has significantly affected the yield and profits of the worldwide banana industry. To date, various approaches including chemical and biological controls have been attempted to manage this disease but none of them succeed in controlling the disease. The uses of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in managing plant diseases have been reported earlier but little information is available. Therefore, this project is designed to identify and investigate potential plant-associated LAB as biological control agent (BCA) against Rsc by using agar well diffusion method. The inhibition zones of each well were observed after 72h and the isolated LAB that showed inhibition zones were proceed for molecular characterization using PCR amplification followed by gel electrophoresis. The sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis. In addition, each of the potential LAB were used to identify their morphological characterizations and biochemical testing. Throughout the study, the highest inhibition zones of LAB from kimchi and fermented milk achieved a diameter of 21.30 mm and 28.70 mm, respectively. Kimchi isolates showed the highest similarity which is 97% as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum species. Among the fermented milk isolates, the highest similarity which is 98% identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei.

The influence of boars of producers of various breeding on the economic indicators of the use of sows

Relevance. Interbreeding or hybridization is an important factor in increasing pig productivity. As a result of the heterosis effect, the multiplicity of sows increases, the safety of offspring increases, the growth rate of young animals improves, the quality of meat improves and, as a result, the profitability of the pig industry increases.Methods. The paper evaluates the influence of boar producers from the companies PIC, Genesus Genetics and Hypor on the reproductive qualities of sows of a large white breed from the company Hypor. To implement the experiment, according to the principle of pairs of analogues, 3 groups of sows of a large white breed from the company Hypor were formed, 5 heads each. The sows of group 1 were inseminated with the seed of Landrace boars from PIC, group 2 with the seed of Landrace boars from Genesus Genetics, group 3 with the seed of Landrace boars from Hypor.Results. In scientific and economic experience, it was found that the multiplicity of sows of the 3rd group amounted to 13.0 heads, which is 7.7% less than in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups. The number of piglets at the time of weaning in groups 1 and 2 per sow was 12, which is 5.3% more than in group 3. For 1 kg of live weight gain, 9.38 EQ was spent on farrowing in the 3rd group, which is 8.1% more than in the 1st and 8.4% more than in the 2nd experimental group. Based on 1000 rubles of feed consumed, in addition, compared with the 3rd group (5.44 rubles), more live weight gain was obtained in the 1st experimental (by 0.44 rubles) and in the 2nd experimental (by 0.47 rubles) groups.

The Value Chain Analysis of Coffee Products in the Case of Bandung District

Coffee, a significant plantation product, holds vast opportunities in both domestic and global markets. Bandung Regency is renowned for its distinctive fruit-flavored coffee, particularly from Ciwidey and Puntang, where coffee is marketed in cherry and green bean forms without branding. A value chain analysis is essential to enhance the coffee industry's added value and sustainability. This study aims to identify the coffee value chain in Bandung Regency, analyze the cost of production, total revenue, and profit of the coffee processing industry in Ciwidey and Puntang, and determine the added value of coffee products in these areas. Using descriptive analysis, results indicate that Ciwidey (MS Coffee) has a lower cost of goods produced than Puntang (Acs Siliwangi) due to higher production volumes in Puntang leading to higher costs. However, Puntang’s larger production volume also generates higher monthly revenue and profit due to a higher selling price per kilogram. Value-added analysis reveals that Puntang’s value-added per kilogram (Rp. 55,025.00/kg) surpasses that of Ciwidey (Rp. 44,647.00/kg), attributed to higher selling prices, superior product quality, and greater market presence in Puntang. Conversely, higher input prices in Ciwidey result in lower value-added.

Scaling Up Performance: The Impact of Economies of Scale in the Sportswear Industry

The sportswear industry has experienced substantial development as a result of the increasing demand for products that are both performance-oriented and lifestyle-oriented. This study examines the influence of economies of scale on the development and profitability of this dynamic sector. Despite the fact that industry leaders exhibit robust production efficiencies that are indicative of economies of scale, they face difficulties in managing the escalating operating and SG&A expenses. The study emphasizes the importance of stringent cost control measures and continuous innovation in order to maintain a competitive advantage and profitability in the sportswear industry amidst the changing market conditions.

Exploring the drivers of modern slavery reporting quality in Indonesia

AbstractVulnerability to modern slavery in Indonesia, particularly driven by poverty and discrimination against minority groups, has become a primary concern in the context of information transparency. This study aims to investigate the factors that can support the reporting quality of modern slavery in Indonesia, namely the industry sector, profitability, social responsibility commitment, and gender diversity as the moderating variable. The research utilized a sample of 225 companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2022. Data were collected from financial reports and sustainability reports as well as the Refinitiv Eikon database. Panel data regression analysis was conducted to analyze the determinants of the disclosure quality. The research findings indicate that high‐risk industry sectors tend to disclose less information regarding modern slavery, with this outcome having a partially negative impact. However, profitability is not associated with the quality of voluntary modern slavery disclosure. In contrast, corporate responsibility commitment is positively associated. Additionally, this study reveals that gender diversity does not moderate the association between the industry sector, profitability, and corporate responsibility commitment with the disclosure quality of modern slavery. This research contributes to the growing literature on the accountability of modern slavery in an emerging country context through institutional theory and gender socialization theory lenses by identifying the firm‐level factors to enhance corporate disclosure in this area. This study also contributes to corporate understanding of modern slavery issues within supply chains. With growing attention to this problem, the awareness of labor exploitation within corporate supply chains is also increasing. The findings of this research can assist companies in recognizing the importance of transparency and voluntary disclosure regarding modern slavery in their supply chains.

Fixed-[formula omitted] asymptotics for panel models with two-way clustering

This paper studies a cluster robust variance estimator proposed by Chiang, Hansen and Sasaki (2024) for linear panels. First, we show algebraically that this variance estimator (CHS estimator, hereafter) is a linear combination of three common variance estimators: the one-way unit cluster estimator, the “HAC of averages” estimator, and the “average of HACs” estimator. Based on this finding, we obtain a fixed-b asymptotic result for the CHS estimator and corresponding test statistics as the cross-section and time sample sizes jointly go to infinity. Furthermore, we propose two simple bias-corrected versions of the variance estimator and derive the fixed-b limits. In a simulation study, we find that the two bias-corrected variance estimators along with fixed-b critical values provide improvements in finite sample coverage probabilities. We illustrate the impact of bias-correction and use of the fixed-b critical values on inference in an empirical example on the relationship between industry profitability and market concentration.

Pengaruh Penerapan Green Accounting terhadap Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2020-2022

This research aims to analyze the effect of implementing green accounting on profitability in Basic Industry and Chemical Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. The population of this research is all Basic Industry and Chemical Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) totaling 70 companies with samples for three years from 2020-2022 totaling 22 companies with a period of 3 years so that we got 66 samples taken using the Purposive Technique Sampling. Data collection was carried out using documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS 23 using multiple linear regression tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of partial testing (T test), the environmental cost variable has a significant effect on profitability, indicating that environmental costs can have a large effect on the company's ability to earn profits. Meanwhile, the environmental performance variable does not have a significant effect on profitability, which shows that whether a company's environmental performance is good or bad does not affect the company's profit even though the company has a good PROPER rating. Based on the results of simultaneous testing (F test) environmental costs and environmental performance together have a simultaneous effect on profitability

Strategies for Increasing Passenger Aircraft Capacity: A Comprehensive Review

This review explores various strategies to increase the passenger and cargo capacity of aircraft while maintaining safety and efficiency. The study focuses on four main areas of modification: wing structures, center of gravity management, landing gear upgrades, and engine enhancements. We examine the challenges associated with increasing aircraft capacity, including structural limitations, performance impacts, and fuel efficiency concerns. The paper provides insights into potential design modifications that could allow for increased load-carrying capacity in commercial aircraft, potentially leading to improved operational efficiency and profitability in the aviation industry.

Mechanisms underlying reproductive responses of Japanese quails to heat stress conditions.

Exposure to heat stress can cause a significant increase in the death rate and disease susceptibility of poultry birds, ultimately impacting the profitability of the poultry industry. Despite being a more economical choice, Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) are not immune to the harmful effects of heat stress. Quails may experience negative effects on their reproductive performance due to excessive reactive molecules caused by heat stress. However, they have developed various mechanisms to maintain their reproductive abilities in such conditions. The neuroendocrine system in birds plays a vital role in regulating their reproductive responses to thermal stress, and it is also connected to other environmental factors such as photoperiod that can impact their reproductive performance. Hormones are crucial in the complex interactions necessary for sexual maturation and reproductive responses to heat stress in Japanese quails living in stressful thermal conditions.

Novel single nucleotide polymorphism G216A of hormone-sensitive lipase gene associated with Awassi sheep reproduction

BackgroundLitter size plays a crucial role in determining profitability in the sheep industry. Breeding sheep with high litter sizes could be enhanced by selecting candidate genes. One gene affecting sheep's reproductive performance is the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) gene. As a result, this study investigated whether the HSL gene variation influenced the fertility of Awassi ewes. The genomic DNA was extracted from 52 singleton ewes and 48 twin ewes. The HSL gene exon 9 (278 bp) was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsStudy results revealed two genotypes identified in the 278-bp amplicons: GG and GA. Molecular sequence analysis identified a novel mutation in the GA genotype 216G > A. The statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 216A > G and reproductive performance. Ewes with the SNP 216G > A genotype exhibited significantly increased litter sizes, twinning rates, lambing rates, and fewer days to lambing compared to ewes with GG genotypes (P ≤ 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results provided strong evidence that the 216G > A mutation significantly increased litter sizes.ConclusionsThis study concluded that variant 216G > A SNP positively impacts Awassi sheep reproduction. There is a higher litter size and more prolificacy in ewes with the 216G > A SNP than in those without the SNP.

Optimal Profitability Analysis for Contractors Regarding Variations in Payment Systems and Scheduling

Construction projects often face higher risks than other types of projects, primarily due to potential delays from inaccurate scheduling and cash flow issues. Therefore, effective scheduling and payment systems are crucial for contractors to reduce risks and achieve optimal profitability. This study aims to identify optimal cash flow and profitability for contractors through the analysis of various payment systems and the utilization of float time. The methods used include cash flow analysis and feasibility analysis using NPV, BCR, and ROI methods. This research explores eight different payment and scheduling approaches to evaluate their impact on project profitability. The results show that cash flow across all alternatives remains positive without experiencing a shortage of funds and indicate that the contractor's optimal profitability is achieved with application of alternative 5, featuring 0% float time and no advance payments. This alternative results in the highest profit, with an NPV of Rp 15,338,960,581, a BCR of 1.059, and an ROI of 5.90%. From these results, it can be concluded that not utilizing float time leads to the most optimal profitability for the contractor. Additionally, it can be said that the scheduling plan implemented by the contractor for the Twin Tower project is well-structured. However, for the payment system, it is recommended to adopt a no-advance payment approach. It is hoped that this study will help contractors optimize their profits in the competitive construction industry.

Agglomeration effects of high-tech industries: Is government intervention justified?

Government intervention in industrial development is prevalent across both developed and developing nations. This paper evaluates the efficacy of Chinese government intervention in high-tech industries in fostering economic development. Methodologically, we assess government intervention's effectiveness by examining the heterogeneity of agglomeration effects in high-tech industries across various locations before and after policy interventions. Our study reveals several key findings: (1) Overall, high-tech industry agglomeration yields positive intra-industry and local spillover effects. (2) Agglomeration effects exhibit significant spatial and temporal variations. Before 2013, government intervention was limited, and high-tech industries predominantly clustered in the eastern region due to market forces, resulting in significantly positive agglomeration effects. However, post-2013, government intervention became evident, particularly driven by competitive dynamics in less-developed regions and central government support for these areas. Consequently, high-tech industries in these regions generated positive intra-industry and local spillover effects, leading to a shift in the distribution of high-tech industry hubs towards the central and western regions. Nonetheless, agglomeration effects diminished in these regions, signaling distortions. (3) Not all high-tech industries exert positive impacts; for instance, the ICT manufacturing sector, characterized by general technology, demonstrates the most pronounced effects, whereas the aerospace manufacturing industry shows relatively weaker agglomeration effects. (4) High-tech industries primarily enhance industrial profitability by refining intermediate inputs and foster local total factor productivity and green total factor productivity through knowledge spillovers. Consequently, policy interventions should aim to effectively facilitate intermediary mechanisms. These findings offer valuable insights into how governments can judiciously intervene in high-tech industries to promote sustainable economic development.

Double marginalization in the pricing of complements: The case of US freight railroads

AbstractMonopolists selling complementary products charge a higher price in a static equilibrium than a single (multiproduct) monopolist would, reducing both the industry profits and consumer surplus. Firms could instead reach a Pareto improvement by lowering prices to the single‐monopolist level. We analyze pricing data of railroad coal shipping in the United States. We compare a coal producer that needs to ship from A to C, with the route passing through B, in two cases: (1) the same railroad owning AB and BC and (2) different railroads owning AB and BC. We do not find that the price in case (2) is higher than the price in case (1), suggesting that the complementary monopolist pricing inefficiency is absent in this market. Our findings are robust to propensity score blocking, causal machine learning algorithms, and difference‐in‐differences analysis. Our results have implications for vertical mergers, tragedy of the anticommons, mergers of firms selling complements, elimination of double marginalization, and royalty stacking and patent thickets.

Efficiency analysis in knitted fabric portfolio management using DEA

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-making protocol to meet the new requirements in an atypical panorama, such as the economic instability, in the textile industry. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consists of analyzing technical criteria, costing parameters and efficiency scores of knitted fabrics using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and classification and regression (C&R) trees models, together with statistical techniques. From these tools, it is possible to guide the portfolio management of these products in a textile company, identifying those that are inefficient and require immediate management measures. The results are expected to be replicated in other companies because the DEA and C&R trees analytical procedures are applicable to different portfolios, whether in the same industry or not. Findings The results allowed identifying inefficient textile products regarding the input-output relationship and the main technical reasons related to the most significant inefficiencies, such as fiber composition and knitted fabrics rapports used in manufacturing. Originality/value DEA and C&R trees, in combination with the study of textile technical parameters, can be fundamental to investigating the efficiency and profitability of industries in periods of economic instability or other adverse situations. In addition, it is noteworthy that there are practically no studies in the literature on DEA applied in the textile industry, indicating excellent development potential.

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Melalui Rasio Profitabilitas Pada UMKM Zenfood Frozen Malang

This study aims to determine financial performance through profitability ratios at Zenfood Frozen MSMEs located on Jalan Ir. Rais IX Malang City. The approach used in this research is a Quantitative Descriptive approach. The data used is primary data collected through a process of direct observation, interviews, and documentation, regarding variable costs, revenues and profits that occur. Data analysis uses profit analysis to determine the amount and value of product sales using income analysis. This study describes the profitability ratios at UMKM Zenfood Frozen Malang as follows Gross Profit Margin in May was 36.4% and June was 39.1%, Net Profit Margin in May was 34.8% and June was 35.6%, ROA in May was 43.4% in June was 47.5% ROE in May was 65.1% and June was 62.4%. The results of the calculation of profitability ratios in Zenfood Frozen MSMEs according to Industry Profitability Ratio Standards, the results of the calculation of gross profit margin, net profit margin, ROA and ROE for the May-June period are above the industry standard average. Zenfood Frozen business owners are advised to continue to monitor and analyze business profitability regularly.

Impact of Customer Satisfaction on Organizational Performance in Nigeria's Brewery Industry

This study investigated how customer satisfaction influences the profitability of Nigeria's brewery industry. The objective is to establish the connection between customer satisfaction and organizational performance if any. Primary and secondary data were used for this study. The primary data was collected with the aid of questionnaires while the secondary data was compiled and gathered from the selected organization periodicals and journals. The population of the study included 84 staff of three (3) brewery companies in Lagos, Nigeria. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The descriptive tools included tables and percentages while the inferential tools included regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings from the study show the R2 values of 0.630 which revealed that customer satisfaction independently explains 63% of the variation in organizational performance in Nigeria’s brewery industry. The f-statistics of 3.838 of the organization revealed that the model is statistically significant at 0.05 significance level. The study findings also revealed that the satisfaction of customers leads to better organizational performance. It was recommended that brewery companies should invest more in product quality and prioritize customer service in order to improve customer satisfaction levels.

Influence of growth intensity of black and white dairy cattle on their reproduction and productivity under free housing

Targeted and economically justified livestock breeding, considering the biological characteristics of growing animals, is a key issue in dairy farming. One of the insufficiently studied aspects of livestock breeding is the period of animal development from the first insemination to the first lactation, which affects their safety, productivity, and reproductive capacity. The study was conducted at the breeding station of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed of the state enterprise "Kutuzivka" in Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region, Ukraine. Animals born in different years differed in growth intensity, reproductive performance, and productivity. At the same time, there was a tendency for the milk yield of first-born heifers to improve with an increase in live weight gain from insemination to the first lactation. According to the results of the correlation analysis, this weight gain had a significant relationship with age and live weight at first insemination, milk yield for 90 days, milk yield for 150 days, milk yield for 305 days of lactation, and live weight at first lactation. The survival rate of all first-born heifers with a weight gain of more than 146 kg was 16–21% higher compared to animals with a lower weight gain. Also, such animals had the highest milk yields for all lactation periods. Their advantage in milk yield was 234 kg for the first 90 days of lactation, 331–381 kg for 150 days of lactation, and 573–675 kg for 305 days of lactation. Groups of animals with different live weight gain after the first insemination also had significant differences in the duration of the service period and the number of stillborn calves. The results of the study concluded that the animals with the highest gain were significantly younger and had a higher live weight at insemination as well as the highest live weight in the first lactation. The early maturation of replacement heifers will contribute to the intensive reproduction of the herd, which will increase the profitability of the dairy industry. Further research is needed to determine the effect of growth intensity on the reproductive performance of second and subsequent lactation cows and calf safety.

Digital Marketing Strategies and Profitability in the Agri-Food Industry: Resource Efficiency and Value Chains

Agriculture is essential to any country’s economy. Agriculture is crucial not only for feeding a country’s population but also for its impact on other businesses. The paradox of agri-food companies generating substantial profits despite seemingly high product prices is explored in this article, focusing on the role of digital marketing within the agri-food industry. Enhanced digital marketing performance leads to efficient advertising campaigns, through reduced advertising costs and increased resource efficiency. To do so, the authors collected web analytical data from five established agri-food firms with the highest market capitalization. Then, linear regression and correlation analyses were used, followed by the utilization of fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) modeling. The analysis revealed that increased traffic through search sources is associated with reduced advertising costs. Additionally, enhanced website engagement contributes to lower advertising expenses, emphasizing the optimization of the user experience. However, it has been discovered that allocating funds for social media advertising eventually results in higher expenses with higher website-abandoning rate. Ultimately, successful management of the balance between product costs and profitability in the agri-food sector lies on the increased use of search sources and greatly reducing the use of social media sources.