Industrial Output Value Research Articles

Application of geographically weighted regression (GWR) in the analysis of the cause of haze pollution in China

Haze pollution is an increasingly serious problem in China. Based on the PM2.5 data from 283 prefecture-level cities in China, we combine the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and use a geographically weighted regression (GWR) method to evaluate the effects of different factors influencing haze pollution in different regions. Nighttime light data from NOAA was used in place of gross domestic product (GDP) in a robustness test. From a global analysis perspective, the EKC is established, and the inflection point is approximately 40000 yuan per capita; however, the GWR estimate is better than the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimate with an improvement in R2 from 0.20 to 0.75. The GWR estimation results show that different environmental protection inputs have different effects in different regions: 1. Technical inputs tend to increase productivity rather than reduce emissions in most areas except Guangdong and Jiangsu. 2. The industrial output values in Guangxi and Yunnan have a greater impact on pollution than those in other regions. 3. In the central and eastern regions with dense populations, comprehensive public transportation can effectively reduce haze pollution. In terms of environmental protection measures, park green areas can reduce pollution, and due to the current status of industrial waste recovery in China, increasing the recovery rate of industrial waste is not conducive to reducing pollution. This article analyzes different causes of haze in different regions and provides suggestions for implementing different environmental policies in different regions.

A novel discrete grey multivariable model and its application in forecasting the output value of China’s high-tech industries

Abstract An improved discrete grey multivariable model is designed to forecast the future output value of the high-tech industries that cover large and medium-sized enterprises (LMEs) in China’s eastern region. Although the high-tech industries have become a major concern due to their great economic worth, few studies have been carried out to consider the accumulative effects of research and development (RD second, the Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), an intelligent algorithm, is employed to determine the optimal accumulative coefficients; third, an one-step rolling mechanism, which takes into account the most recent data for model calibration, is utilized to further enhance the forecasting capability. To verify the efficacy and practicality of this proposed model, data sets from the eastern high-tech industries (2007–2015) are employed in the forecasting experiments. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms a range of benchmark models. Therefore, this superior model is employed for forecasting future output value of the eastern high-tech industries from 2016 to 2020. Based on the empirical findings, some suggestions are presented to further promote the development of China’s high-tech industries.

Emergy-based ecological footprint analysis for a mega-city: The dynamic changes of Shanghai

To move towards sustainable urban development, interactions between economic and ecological systems should be further investigated due to their coupled relations. In this study, we propose an emergy-based ecological footprint (EEF) analysis framework. Shanghai was selected as a case study city to see its dynamic changes from 2007 to 2016. The results show that Shanghai had a large ecological deficit, an extremely high ecological footprint intensity and a poor coordination relationship between its ecological system and its economic system, indicating a great ecological challenge that it is facing. The uneven distribution of its emergy ecological footprint is mainly due to the large share of fossil fuels land type. But with the city's great efforts, the overall ecological pressure has been reduced and the coordination relationship has also been improved, while the local economy is still booming. Pearson correlation analysis further indicates that the city's policy on developing tertiary industry has resulted in a positive effect on improving the coordinating relationship. The ratio between the output value of heavy industry and gross industrial output value has the most negative correlation with the coordinating relationship. Finally, policy recommendations are raised by considering the local realities. These recommendations can also provide valuable insights to other megacities with similar challenges.

Building evaluation model of biohydrogen industry with circular economy in Asian countries

This investigation contributes to the relevant literature by building a preliminary economic model of the biohydrogen with circular economy (CE) to evaluate the effects of developing biohydrogen which is an important driven power of CE. Value flows of secondary materials are estimated and added to the IO database and circularity are also added to GTAP model. The results demonstrate that the GTAP model modified with biohydrogen of CE is valid. Malaysia will be the most productive country if it developed CE, and it will have the highest output value of biohydrogen industry compared to other countries. CE will outperform LE in developed regions, whereas LE will outperform CE in developing regions. Japan will be the first country to realize CE with negative CE gap. The results for Japan indicate the effectiveness of the modification of GTAP model to incorporate CE mechanism and biohydrogen. The biohydrogen industry will have an important role in the transition to CE.

Research on the correlation of port logistics and regional economic growth base on gray relational analysis method

SummaryCostal Port, as modern transport hub and logistics nodes linking airlines, railways, highways, and other transport means, plays an important role in driving regional economic growth, while the regional growth in Port inter‐lands offer substantial support and guarantee for the port logistics. The correlation between port logistics and regional economic growth, therefore, may serve the entry point of research on the sustainable development of both Shenzhen and its port, given the positive interplay of the port logistics with regional economy, will gain a better strategic position in the Belt‐and‐Road Initiative and the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area. Gray correlation analysis and decision tree algorithm are both employed in the light of the status quo of ShenzhenPort to closely examine relevancy between the port logistics and regional economic development. The relevancy among gross industrial output value, total investment in fixed assets and gross import and export value reads 0.69:0.682:0.643, respectively, in contrast to the least relevancy of the construction industry; the gross industrial output value as well import and export value, according to the decision tree algorithms, exert decisive influences on the port logistics.

The aggravation of urban air quality deterioration due to urbanization, transportation and economic development – Panel models with marginal effect analyses across China

In this paper, panel data models are established to examine the impacts of urban construction, transport facilities, and economic development on the urban air quality. Combined with data from different tiers of Chinese cities for two time series, 2010 and 2015, the variable-intercept model (VIM) is used to determine the parameters and significance of each independent variable. The marginal effects of different categories of independent variables (urbanization, transportation and economy) on the urban air quality are also studied with regard to the results of different VIMs. The results show that transportation factors (such as annual passenger trips, bus numbers and taxi numbers) have the most significant effects on the air quality for all the Chinese cities. Moreover, urbanized area and annual gross value of industrial output also have prominent impacts on the air quality across China. In addition, the marginal effects of the air quality index obtained via VIMs with classified local variables reflect that the influences of urbanization, transportation and economy on urban air quality are substantially different among different tiers of cities. Therefore, based on the findings, we propose measures to improve air quality for different tiers of cities, such as rational use of space resources, optimizing transport modes, and encouraging carpooling.

Energy Ecological Footprint Changes and Its Influencing Factors at the Provincial Scale in China

The energy ecological footprint is an important theory and method for quantitative measurement of the coordinated development of the socio-economic-ecological environment. This research indicated the following: (1) the energy ecological footprints of China and the provinces showed significant linear increases (except Beijing). China’s economy developed rapidly over 1999-2015, but the economic development had a high dependence on energy consumption, which induced an increase in the energy ecological footprint. Optimizing industrial structure and reducing energy consumption are effective ways to reduce the energy ecological footprint. (2) Forest land was the most important land use type for per capita energy ecological footprint capacity, accounting for 50% or more of the total. The energy ecological footprints of China and the provinces were mainly in a state of deficit, and only Sichuan, Qinghai, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang were in surplus. In addition, the ecological pressure in the eastern developed provinces was higher than in the central provinces, and the lowest pressure was in the west. (3) The energy ecological footprint of China and the provinces was mainly affected by the secondary industry output value, followed by population, total investment in fixed assets, and then the tertiary and primary industry output values. The results showed that reduction of industrial energy consumption is still the main issue for addressing carbon emissions in China.

Simulation of land green supply chain based on system dynamics and policy optimization

The dependence of human beings on natural resources is long-standing, and land resource is a crucial part of these natural resources. In recent years, land pollution and resource shortage have severely affected the normal lives of individuals. There is a growing appreciation of the need for studying the green supply chain of land. In this study, the land green supply chain is divided into subsystems of technology (T), energy (E), environment (E), and economy (E), which construct TEEE dynamic model. Based on the model, we simulate the develop trend of technology, energy, environment, and economy in Shandong Province from 2003 to 2020. Moreover, we find out optimal polices to realize economic and environmental objectives of 2020 of Shandong Province, and get the optimization scheme for environmental policy as below: water quota for farmland irrigation is 2780 m2 per hectare, quota for urban water consumption is 33 m3 per capita per year, quota for industrial water consumption is 8 m3 per CNY10000 and unqualified rate of industrial waste water is 1%. If regulating and controlling as per such objectives, total industrial population will be reduced to 99.87 million, total industrial output value will reach CNY 44.68 trillion and environmental pollution degree will get down to 1.153.

Government IT related Hi-Tech company’s incentives and subsidies role on industries in Hebei province, China

Economic implications on government incentives to industries are key areas that require critical analysis in un- derstanding the impacts. Tax incentives is the most predominant approach used in most cases in reducing vari- ous related costs. This research uses the government annual survey data on Chinese listed corporation in Hebei province to investigative the incentives related parameters. Data from a survey of 85 IT related industries in Hebei province showed that there was significant positive impact of company’s incentives role, the incentives given by government increase output in industries. This study also examined the role that the government incentives played in regard to high-tech related industries Using multiple regression analysis method, the results indicated that re- lated Hi-tech company’s incentives created a significant impact in increasing the gross value of industrial output, created an impact in both product sales income and the commodity sales revenue. However, the results indicated that not all the government Information Technology (IT) related Hi-tech company’s incentives that led to improved total income between the periods of study. Moreover, there would be anticipated increase employee rate if these incentives were constantly provided to Hi-tech companies consistently but in totality there was no clear increase in personnel over that period. the aim of this paper is to reveal the impact created by the government incentives on the IT related Hi tech companies. This study therefore provided room for discussion and further studies that would help in coming up with other concrete evidence in subsequent years.

Research on energy consumption of Beijing transportation industry based on LMDI method

Beijing, as the capital of China, has a rapid economic development and developed transportation industry. In recent years, the output value of transportation industry of Beijing has been growing rapidly. At the same time, it also accompanied by a large amount of energy consumption. With the energy and environmental problems increasingly prominent, it is particularly important to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly transportation industry. Based on this, the paper used LMDI method to analyse the factors affecting the energy consumption of Beijing transportation industry for the year 2005-2016. The results show that the energy structure, energy intensity and freight turnover of per GDP inhibit the energy consumption, and the freight turnover promote the energy consumption, in which, the freight turnover is the key factor to restrain energy consumption. Therefore, certain technical means should be taken out to reduce energy consumption and the pollution on environment, which has a certain practical significance in improving the environment of Beijing.

Analysis on input-output efficiency of renewable resources industry in Hubei Based on DEA-Malmquist model

Recycling of renewable resources is an important way to promote economic green, cycle and low-carbon development, and to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. In order to improve the input-output efficiency of renewable resources industry in Hubei Province and realize the effective allocation and scale benefit of renewable resources, this paper selects five input-output indicators, including fixed assets stock, annual average number of employees, number of enterprises, total industrial output value and total profit volume of discarded resources comprehensive utilization industry. Then we use DEA-Malmquist index model to calculate the input-output efficiency of the renewable resources industry in Hubei province from 2009 to 2016. According to the result, we explore the changing trend of production efficiency and the reasons of its change. The conclusion can provide reference for relevant departments to propose strategies for improving efficiency and promoting industrial development.

Simulating the Evolution of the Land and Water Resource System under Different Climates in Heilongjiang Province, China

Heilongjiang Province is under the pressure of a water shortage due to climate change, population growth and economic development. To effectively manage regional land and water resources, this paper describes a system dynamics model that was built to simulate the interaction between land and water resources and socioeconomic factors, as well as the evolution of regional land and water resources in different climates in Heilongjiang Province. The results show that the declining trend of unused land area and the water supply–demand ratio will not stop, even under the most optimistic (e.g., humid climate) climate conditions, if the current land use patterns continue. Therefore, measures should be taken to manage the unreasonable usage patterns of land and water resources in this region. This study simulated the evolution of regional land and water resources for five scenarios under an arid climate by changing the net irrigation quota for paddy fields, the water quota for industrial use, forestland area, annual change rate of farmland area, and the growth rate of the gross industrial output value. Further, a combined scenario that can maximally reduce the regional land and water resource sustainable risk was identified. The simulation of the combined scenario showed that it can effectively increase the degree of regional land and water resource use in the region, as well as reduce the risks that threaten these resources. This study provides theoretical support for the efficient use of land and water resources in the future.

Three-dimensional ecological footprint assessment for ecologically sensitive areas: A case study of the Southern Qin Ling piedmont in Shaanxi, China

Abstract The ecological management of ecologically sensitive areas is highly sensitive and complex. The three-dimensional ecological footprint assessment for ecologically sensitive areas plays a decisive role in the overall development of a region's ecological environment and can be helpful for promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of economic and natural capital utilization. Taking a typical ecologically sensitive area in the southern Qin Ling piedmont of Shaanxi (southern Shaanxi) as an example, this paper describes the per capita ecological footprint ( E F ) and per capita biological capacity ( B C ) from 2005 to 2015. In addition, based on an analysis of the utilization of capital stocks and flows and the ecological footprint depth ( E F d e p t h ) and size ( E F s i z e ) , the factors driving changes in the region's ecological footprint size are revealed by a partial least squares model (PLS model). The results indicate that the per capita biological capacity in the southern Qin Ling piedmont of Shaanxi remained stable at 2.100 ha/cap and that the per capita ecological footprint increased, with fluctuations between 1.359 ha/cap and 2.239 ha/cap. After the first appearance of a per capita ecological deficit in 2013, the ecological footprint depth peaked in 2014 at 1.049 ha/cap. The capital stocks consumption rate was well controlled, which meant that capital flows remained the main source of natural capital. The main factors driving the ecological footprint size are commonly used arable land, the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the primary industry output value. Therefore, some suggestions are offered as follows: control the land use for urbanization, accelerate industrial restructuring and upgrading, and establish a mechanism for environmental monitoring and warning.

A comprehensive evaluation model of regional atmospheric environment carrying capacity: Model development and a case study in China

Atmospheric environment is a complex system affected by economy, society, population and other factors. Based on DPSIRM framework, scientific relationships among those factors were reflected and inherent mechanism of the complex system was studied. 20 indicators were selected to construct an evaluation index system. Optimizing Projection Pursuit by Simulated Annealing algorithm, the Coupling Simulated Annealing-Projection Pursuit model was established to calculate a comprehensive index, which was used to evaluate the regional Atmospheric Environment Carrying Capacity. The results showed that the Driving force and Pressure subsystems occupied a leading position on the whole system. Economic development, urbanization process, population growth and pollutant emission needed to be concerned to maintain the harmony of the complex system. Influence weights of indicators were quite different from each other. The top 5 indicators were: the amount of industrial smoke and dust emissions, the amount of automobile, the comprehensive energy consumption of 10,000 Yuan industrial output value, the annual average wind speed and the number of days of air quality reached the national standard’s second level. By analyzing the evaluation results, Atmospheric Environment Carrying Capacity was on the rise in 2006–2015, which suggested Chengdu’s atmospheric environment showed a good condition during these years. However, with the rapid industrialization, urbanization and accompanying pollution, we should boost the corresponding exhaust gas treatment capacity to keep its environmental healthy.

Measuring model of rural transformation development path in Fuping County of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

With the rapid urbanization and industrialization, urban and rural transformation development is inevitable, although rural transformation may suffer from a continuously widening gap. Thus, this paper describes a model to measure the rural transformation development path used to analyze the process more clearly, through measuring rural transformation, detecting influencing factors, and calculating the acting forces of factors. (1) The degree of rural transformation development in Fuping County, which has always been lower than in adjacent counties, gradually improved from 1990 to 2015. This study presents the temporal and spatial influencing factors, including the per capita industrial output value of enterprises above a designated size (x5), the population density (x8), and the per capita water resource (x12) of six counties near to Fuping County. (2) The pull forces in these six counties were larger than the push forces, including society, economy, and resources, which indicates that rural development in Fuping County was mainly dominated by external factors. (3) This paper suggests to increase small scales and to extend large scales to improve the path measurement model by analyzing the test results for Fuping County; furthermore, proposals are presented for realizing rural sustainable development of Fuping County in terms of policy, industry, and resources.

Assessing relationship and contribution of China's technological entrepreneurship to socio-economic development

As a driver of global economic growth, the development of emerging economies has been a highly significant trend over the past decade. China has adopted technological entrepreneurship as a national strategy for future economic development. In this paper, we applied a statistical description, contribution rate, gray absolute correlation, and elastic coefficient analysis to assess contributions of technological entrepreneurship to national development. We found that: (1) The number of technology enterprises has been growing and their contributions to the country's output value, exports, employment, and tax are increasing; (2) From 2010 to 2014, the industrial output value of technological entrepreneurship accounted for 41.49% of the average GDP growth. There is a high correlation between technological entrepreneurship and economic growth with a gray correlation coefficient of 0.8296. (3) Technological entrepreneurship has made a significant contribution to the promotion of technological progress and foreign trade. Invention patents created by entrepreneurs accounted for approximately 71% of domestic invention patents. The total export value of high-tech products accounted for approximately 22.6%. (4) Technological entrepreneurship didn't have a clear impact on employment with an employment elasticity of only 2.79%. (5) The contribution rate of technological entrepreneurship to state tax revenue was approximately 8.49%. We considered the paper as the first endeavor to study technological entrepreneurship in China from macro perspectives which have both theoretical value and practical significance for socio-economic development.

Natural capital utilization based on a three-dimensional ecological footprint model: A case study in northern Shaanxi, China

Utilization of the capital stock and capital flow is the basis for evaluation of regional ecological construction, it is helpful to promote the coordinated development of economic and natural capital utilization, and improve the utilization efficiency of natural capital. Northern Shaanxi is characterised as being rich in energy resources and having a fragile ecological environment. Taking northern Shaanxi as an example, based on the analysis of ecological footprint per capita and ecological carrying capacity per capita in northern Shaanxi from 2001 to 2015, the driving factors behind changes in the ecological footprint of the region are revealed by using a partial least squares method. And this study describes the utilization of capital stocks and flows with the ecological footprint depth (EF depth) and ecological footprint size (EF size). Additionally, the TEF size and RFLOWSTOCK are firstly used in practice. The research conclusions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, the ecological deficit increased significantly from 2001 to 2015 by a factor of 9.35, and the pull effect of the fossil energy account was the most clear. Secondly, the main driving factors behind the change in the ecological footprint are population, and above-scale industrial output value. Thirdly, northern Shaanxi needs 4.08 times its present area in order to meet its resource consumption level. Fourthly, both the consumption of natural capital stocks and flows were found to be increasing, and the consumption of capital stocks is found to be 3.05 times as fast as the utilization of capital flows. These findings not only is of realistic significance in promoting the coordinated development between economy and natural capital utilization in northern Shaanxi under the constraint of fragile environment, but also has policy implications in improving the utilization efficiency of natural capital in ecologically fragile areas. And this study will help in understanding the fragile ecosystems of these regions, provide a reference for similar energy-rich and ecologically fragile areas and promote practical construction at the same time.

Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Shandong Province Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

Water resources carrying capacity is the maximum available water resources supporting by the social and economic development. Based on investigating and statisticing on the current situation of water resources in Shandong Province, this paper selects 13 factors including per capita water resources, water resources utilization, water supply modulus, rainfall, per capita GDP, population density, per capita water consumption, water consumption per million yuan, The water consumption of industrial output value, the agricultural output value of farmland, the irrigation rate of cultivated land, the water consumption rate of ecological environment and the forest coverage rate were used as the evaluation factors. Then,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to analyze the water resources carrying capacity Force status evaluation. The results showed : The comprehensive evaluation results of water resources in Shandong Province were lower than 0.6 in 2001-2009 and higher than 0.6 in 2010-2015, which indicating that the water resources carrying capacity of Shandong Province has been improved.; In addition, most of the years a value of less than 0.6, individual years below 0.4, the interannual changes are relatively large, from that we can see the level of water resources is generally weak, the greater the interannual changes in Shandong Province.

Sustainability evaluation based on the emergy ecological footprint method: A case study of Qingdao, China, from 2004 to 2014

Urban sustainable development is important for addressing the urgent pressure of ecological transformation in China. This study used an improved emergy ecological footprint method and four indexes to evaluate the sustainability of the complex eco-economic system in Qingdao from 2004 to 2014 by determining the area’s emergy carrying capacity and emergy ecological footprint. The results show that Qingdao’s per-capita emergy carrying capacity decreased from 12.4305hm2/cap in 2004–11.3295hm2/cap in 2014, with a decrease rate of 0.840%. In contrast, the emergy ecological footprint per capita increased rapidly from 3.0609hm2/cap in 2004–25.4010hm2/cap in 2014, with an increase rate of 21.212%. Thus, the ecological overload increased over time. Qingdao experienced an expanding emergy ecological deficit beginning in 2009. Furthermore, the four sustainability evaluation indexes together indicate that Qingdao was drifting away from sustainability. Moreover, relevant socioeconomic factors were investigated using Pearson correlation analysis, and the results indicate that the largest correlation coefficient exists between the ratio of the output value of tertiary industry to gross regional domestic product and the per-capita emergy ecological footprint. Therefore, adjusting the energy consumption structure, decreasing dependence on non-renewable energy, increasing the diversity of bioproductive land types and developing high-level tertiary industries are conducive to promoting Qingdao’s sustainability. Additionally, the results provide a scientific reference and decision-making basis for regional sustainable development.

Study on the coordinated development of economy, environment and resource in coal-based areas in Shanxi Province in China: Based on the multi-objective optimization model

Coal-based areas face resource depletion, environmental pollution, ecological damage, and other coordinated economic and social pressures. Based on the theory of policy network and the interest interaction in the policy network of the stakeholders, the paper puts forward the development goals of economic growth maximization, environmental pollution minimization and coal resource consumption minimization. Utilizing the data of the input-output table in Shanxi in 2007 and the China Environment Statistics Yearbook in 2008 and the multi-objective optimization model, this paper designs and assesses the green development policies effects, taking Shanxi province as the case. The results are that: (1) Three stakeholders of coordinated development in coal-based regions are the government, coal enterprises and the residents of the mine area. (2) The common goals of the three stakeholders are the maximization of industry output value, the minimization of pollutant discharge, and the minimization of coal consumption. (3) The research shows the coal industry will still be the main industry in Shanxi in 2015–2020. According to the conclusions, the paper puts forward to pay attention to the government interests, coal enterprises and residents of the mining area. Furthermore, coal exploitation and utilization should be planned scientifically, the trend of the coal market and price fluctuations should be analyzed, and the appropriate tax rate should be formulated.