Industries In Other Countries Research Articles

Energy self-sufficiency and carbon neutrality potential of Chinese urban wastewater treatment

The implementation of some energy-saving and emission reduction measures can effectively offset the energy consumption and carbon emissions in the wastewater treatment process. Integrated policy-making information on carbon-energy-economy of these technologies is not clear in national wastewater treatment industry. This study investigated energy self-sufficiency, carbon neutralization potential and economic performance of wastewater treatment industry, as well as related synergy effect among the three aspects using the proposed approach. Then the approach was used to investigate energy-saving and carbon emission reduction potential of the three technologies (photovoltaic power (PV), combined heat and power (CHP) and water source heat pump (WSHP)) and technological combinations as well as related economic performance in urban wastewater treatment of Chinese different provinces in 2021. The results showed that (1) The national energy self-sufficiency is 95%; therein, 13 provinces have the potential to achieve or exceed energy self-sufficiency of 100%, and the top 3 provinces are Heilongjiang, Yunnan and Hunan. (2) The national carbon neutral potential is 87%; therein, 9 provinces have the potential to achieve or surpass carbon neutralization of 100%, and the top 3 provinces include Beijing, Hunan and Shaanxi. (3) these technologies or their combinations are potentially economically viable (net economic benefit ratio >1), and the top three provinces are Beijing, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia. (4) Generally, there are 13 provinces with synergy effect >1 in the country; the top three provinces are Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Hunan. Finally, targeted policy suggestions are provided for Chinese urban wastewater treatment. The proposed approach can also act as one of decision-making tools for wastewater treatment industry in other countries or areas in the world.

Makalah Industri Substitusi Impor Dan Persaingan Industri Pada Pembangunan Industri

Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is one of the industrial development strategies that has been implemented by many developing countries, including Indonesia. This strategy aims to reduce dependence on imported consumer and capital goods, as well as create jobs and increase domestic value added. In the early stages of its implementation, ISI has successfully driven industrial growth in Indonesia. However, along with technological development and global competition, ISI faces various challenges, one of which is competition from industries in other countries. Industrial competition is one of the important factors that affects industrial development. Healthy competition can encourage industries to innovate and improve efficiency, making them more competitive in the global market. This paper discusses the relationship between ISI and industrial competition in industrial development. This paper also discusses various policies that can be implemented to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian industries.

A fuzzy model for financial performance measurement of real estate investment trusts: comparison of investment areas

PurposeThis study aims to present the financial performance of companies and investment areas in the real estate investment trust (REIT) industry.Design/methodology/approachA fuzzy model for financial performance measurement (FM-FPM) was proposed through the collaboration of fuzzy axiomatic design (FAD) and fuzzy entropy weighting (FEW). For the data, financial ratios were used, and their importance and functional requirements were collected via a questionnaire survey.FindingsThe FM-FPM is a beneficial model to be used for a REIT industry based on the structured procedures of FAD and FEW techniques. It can be suitable to regularly evaluate the performance of REITs and their investment areas in financial means, especially in today’s turbulent business environment. The Turkish market that was considered to show the practical applicability of the FM-FPM demonstrated specifically that diversified real estate was found to rank first, followed by mixed-buildings, warehouses, shopping malls and hotels, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe FM-FPM can be employed for REIT industries in other countries and adapted to different industries. However, more respondents or a different set of criteria might lead to different outputs.Practical implicationsThe FM-FPM may guide REIT managers and investors while making their decisions and controlling the performance of REITs and investment areas.Social implicationsThe FM-FPM may encourage low- and middle-income investors to make good use of their savings.Originality/valueThe research is first (1) to offer a FPM model in order to determine investable areas in a REIT industry and (2) to employ multiple criteria decision-making tools in order to measure the financial performance of individual companies and investment areas in a REIT industry.

Green human resource management and environmental performance of hotels in South Africa

The main purpose of this study is to investigate how green human resource management (GHRM) influences environmental performance (EP) in hotels in South Africa: the mediating and moderating role of environmental concern (EC) and green human capital (GHC). The study followed the quantitative research design and a self-administer questionnaire was employed during the data collection process. Data was collected from two hundred fifteen hotels in a cross-sectional survey. The participants of this study were three-star, four-star, and five-star hotels in Gauteng province. The data was analysed using SmartPLS 4.0. The empirical findings of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between GHRM and the EP of hotels. The study further shows that the relationship between GHRM and EP is partially mediated by EC and the relationship is also moderated by GHC at an average weight. The study has the following limitations and suggests some new study areas. First, the cross-sectional nature of the survey limits the ability to separate cause-and-effect relationships, and a longitudinal study will help to improve the results. Second, the survey was done on firms in one industry and one country. To improve the generalisability of the findings, further studies can include other industries in other countries. This paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring external business variables mediating and moderating the relationship between EC and GHC and contributes to the discussion on the contradictory results regarding the relationship between GHRM and EP.

Green Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Environmental Performance of SMEs: Mediating and Moderating Role of Green Innovation and Green Purchase Behaviour

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigates how green entrepreneurial self-efficacy (GESE) influences environmental performance (EP) in the Gauteng province: the mediating and moderating role of green innovation (GI) and green purchase behaviour (GPB).
 Design/methodology/approach: The study followed the quantitative research design and a self-administered questionnaire was employed during the data collection process. Data was collected from one hundred ninety-five SME owners in a cross-sectional survey. The participants of this study were in the retail, service and manufacturing sectors. The data was analysed using SmartPLS 4.0.
 Findings: The empirical findings of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between GESE and the EP of SMEs. The study further shows that the relationship between GESE and EP is partially mediated by GI and the relationship is also moderated by GPB at an average weight.
 Research limitations/implications: The study has the following limitations and suggests some new study areas. First, the cross-sectional nature of the survey limits the ability to separate cause-and-effect relationships, and a longitudinal study will help to improve the results. Second, the survey was done on firms in one industry and one country. To improve the generalisability of the findings, further studies can include other industries in other countries.
 Originality/value: This paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring external business variables mediating and moderating the relationship between GESE and EP and contributes to the discussion on the contradictory results regarding the relationship between GESE and EP.

Effects of Working Capital Management on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises' Profitability from the Continuity of Supply Chain Relationships

Purpose: The object of this paper is to analyze the impacts on the CCC, DIO, DRO, DPO, which are a factor for measuring WCM and profitability (ROA) from a supply chain relationship perspective between two large Korean automotive manufacturers (Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Corporation) and SMEs in the automotive parts manu-facturing industry.
 Design/methodology/approach: We used two Korean automotive manufacturers (Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Corporation) and SMEs of Korean automotive parts manufacturing industry's panel data in this research. The panel data model was used to investigate the impacts of CCC and its factors on ROA to test the hypotheses. For analyzing the panel data, a model of fixed effects was used in this research.
 Findings: According to the groups, the CCC shows a negative correlation with both ROA. DIO is negatively associated with ROA. DPO shows a positive correlation with ROA. In contrast, DPO shows a negative correlation with ROA. DPO shows a positive correlation with ROA. Conversely, DPO shows a negative correlation with ROA.
 Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this research show that because the analysis was made on the basis of the automotive industry in Korea, it is difficult to apply it to other industries in other countries. A comparative international analysis is therefore needed. The implications of this paper are the impacts of CCC, DIO, DRO, and DPO on profitability based on large enterprises and SMEs in aspects of the supply chain relation-ships, which previous studies did not cover sufficiently.
 Originality/value: Prior study mainly concentrated on the impacts of the CCC, DIO, DRO, and DPO on profitability based on SMEs in various industries from many countries. But this research focused on the CCC and profitability from the perspective of supply chain relationship between Korean large enterprises and SMEs.

Comparative analysis of state support for agricultural producers in Russia and in the world

Despite numerous trade disputes within the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding the overestimation of the support level for agriculture by individual countries of the world, subsidizing farmers by their own governments not only does not decrease, but also tends to increase in general. In the conditions of the WTO member countries open markets, the world countries food security, including Russia, largely depends not only on the competitiveness of their own agriculture, but also on the support of their own agricultural sector commensurate with other states. Based on this, it is an urgent task to track the scale of state influence on the industry in other countries in order to avoid excessive competition of imported products. Thus, the purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of state support for agriculture in the countries of the world based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data. The results of the work are detailed information on the comparative level of state support for the agro-industrial complex in the countries of the world, and the amount of support for the Russian agricultural industry corresponds to the world average. To process the information received in order to present the results of the work as accessible as possible, tabular and graphical methods are used.

Managing patient loyalty through digital patient experience

This study aims at providing an understanding of the relationship between the digital experience of patients, innovation, and service quality to enhance patient loyalty to healthcare facilities in Indonesia. The data were then analyzed using the structural equation model. This study involved 214 patients at healthcare facilities in Indonesia, filling out questionnaires through an online survey. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for the measurement model analysis. The results indicated that patient loyalty could be influenced by healthcare facilities that simultaneously implemented innovation, patient digital experience, and service quality. The novelty of this study was obtained by testing and analyzing patient digital relationships, innovation, service quality, and patient loyalty in a model, and using healthcare facilities in Indonesia as a research analysis unit. Moreover, it was compared with the health and non-health industries in other countries.

Peculiarities of development of the machine-building sector’s enterprises of Ukraine

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the current state and features of the development of enterprises in the machine-building industry of Ukraine. The purpose of the paper, based on the analysis of literary sources and statistical data, is to investigate the prospects for the development of the machine-building industry in Ukraine and to highlight the main factors affecting its development. The paper emphasizes the importance of the machine-building sector as a key branch of industry and the national economy as a whole, examines methods of research of enterprises in the machine-building sector, production and financial indicators of the industry, as well as problems and challenges faced by the business. In particular, the most important factors affecting the market situation of the machine-building sector in Ukraine, indicators of the efficiency of the use of production capacities, the role of the state and international cooperation in the development of the machine-building industry, as well as innovative and technological development will be considered. The experience of the development of the machine-building industry in other countries, in particular in Europe and Asia, was studied. The problems of the machine-building sector in Ukraine are revealed, namely: lack of a powerful market, lack of access to financing, low level of innovativeness and technological soundness of production, low level of qualification of the workforce. It was determined that the development of the machine-building sector requires a complex approach and decisive actions on the part of the state and enterprises. The need to develop and implement a strategy that will be aimed at increasing the efficiency of using and developing the potential of the machine-building sector of Ukraine and at creating high-tech products that will meet the requirements of international markets has been proven. This material will offer ways to solve the problems of enterprises in the machine-building industry of Ukraine, such as support for exports, innovations and scientific research, development of infrastructure and logistics, and improvement of employee qualifications.

Assessment of Working Environment Factors Influencing Construction Workers' Performance in the Nigerian Construction Industry

The working environment plays a crucial role in determining the performance of employees in the construction industry. Factors such as physical conditions, ergonomics, and the social and cultural atmosphere significantly impact how well employees carry out their tasks. Unfortunately, these factors have been negatively affecting the performance and productivity of the Nigerian construction industry. This study aims to assess the working environment factors that influence construction workers' performance in Nigeria. A quantitative research approach was adopted, utilizing a five-point Likert-based questionnaire for data collection. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, resulting in 187 valid responses, which is considered adequate for analysis. The results indicate that 11 out of the 16 hypothesized barriers were statistically significant, surpassing the set threshold of 3.5. The most significant factors influencing construction workers' performance in the working environment were found to be disputes among workers, poor weather conditions, equipment failure, changes in orders during unpredictable execution, and major rework due to unforeseen conditions. Through factor analysis, the barriers were categorized into three components: "Physical and Social-related barriers," "Operational-related barriers," and "Welfare-related barriers." This study highlights the paramount importance of working conditions in determining employee performance and recommends the development and implementation of strategies to mitigate working condition challenges in the construction industry. The findings of this study can be applicable to construction industries in other countries with similar characteristics to Nigeria.

The Intellectual Spoils of War? Defense R&D, Productivity, and International Spillovers

Abstract We examine the impact of government funding for R&D—and defense-related R&D in particular—on privately conducted R&D, and its ultimate effect on productivity growth. We estimate longitudinal models that relate privately funded R&D to lagged government-funded R&D using industry-country level data from OECD countries and firm level data from France. To deal with the potentially endogenous allocation of government R&D funds we use changes in predicted defense R&D as an instrumental variable. In many OECD countries, expenditures for defense-related R&D represent by far the most important form of public subsidies for innovation. In both datasets, we uncover evidence of “crowding in” rather than “crowding out,” as increases in government-funded R&D for an industry or a firm result in significant increases in private sector R&D in that industry or firm. On average, a 10% increase in government-financed R&D generates a 5% to 6% additional increase in privately funded R&D. We also find evidence of international spillovers, as increases in government-funded R&D in a particular industry and country raise private R&D in the same industry in other countries. Finally, we find that increases in private R&D induced by increases in defense R&D result in productivity gains.

Comparison of the Strategic Factors of Enterprises in China and the United States in the Process of Green Transformation

The electricity industry is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gases, which makes reducing carbon emissions critical to mitigating climate change. In response, renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower are replacing traditional sources such as oil and natural gas. Traditional energy companies are undertaking green transformations to invest in sustainable facilities that require significant capital and practice, making it an area for study and improvement. This essay examines the green transformation process in the power industries of China (China Three Gorges Corporation (CTG)) and the United States (NextEra Energy (NEE)), essential for reducing carbon emissions. Chinese companies experience political interference, which limits their flexibility in industrial layout and capital allocation. However, they have established an information system combining employee management and electronic human resources systems, enabling relatively ideal human efficiency. American companies have higher market flexibility, allowing them to negotiate agreements with the government and trade unions to ensure stable and efficient human-to-efficiency ratios during the transformation process. Future research should identify factors that influence the green transformation process and, develop strategies to overcome potential obstacles. Comparative studies of power industries in other countries could provide insights into improving the efficiency of green transformations.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ СТАЛЕЛИТЕЙНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ ВЬЕТНАМА

This article analyzes the competitiveness of the steel industry in Vietnam. Vietnam is one of the leading steel producers in the Asian region and at the same time has significant potential for further development of this industry. The article examines various factors contributing to the competitiveness of the Vietnamese steel industry, including the impact of country differences and determinants of competitive advantages of China, Russia, India, South Korea, affects the development of the steel industry in Vietnam. The challenges and problems faced by enterprises of this industry are also analyzed. Based on the results obtained, the author of the article offers recommendations and strategies to improve the competitiveness of the steel industry in Vietnam, based on the analysis of this industry in other countries. The research is important for policy development and decision-making at the state level, as well as for the business community interested in this industry.

ФАКТОРИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТА ПІДВИЩЕННЯ РІВНЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПРОВІДНИХ ТНК – ВИРОБНИКІВ СТАЛІ

The factors of supply and demand formation in the world steel market were determined, taking into account the principles of the system approach. The author singled out traditional economic factors that shape supply and demand on world markets, as well as factors of technical development of production that affect the volume of deliveries of certain types of products. The analysis showed that steel production is one of the fastest-growing areas of world industry, making a significant contribution to the growth of the gross domestic product in various regions of the world. Preference is given to the strongest materials with innovative properties and a low price. Steel-based materials are more adapted to these conditions, which is confirmed by the growth of their global production. The study also revealed the causes of price instability on the global steel market. At the same time, it was determined that steel prices are due primarily to the growth of its global consumption in the dynamics of the last 10 years, which is connected with the construction boom in Southeast Asia and the development of industry in other countries. It has been proven that in recent years there has been volatility in the rate of growth of the structure of steel exports, which in general made it possible to form factors that influenced the intensity of changes taking place in the steel market. Among them, the author singles out: needs for nanostructured materials, integration of modern digital technologies of neural networks and automation systems in production. An important factor in the competitiveness of steel on the world market is the expansion and introduction of new financial instruments that increase the degree of independence of the metallurgical industry from price fluctuations and other external influences, including new banking and insurance products with state participation. Such a policy will allow attracting foreign investments to the industry, which will significantly strengthen the position of Russian manufacturers on the international market. Factors of competitiveness of steel in the world market were systematized. In particular, among them, the author focused on the growth of domestic consumption of metals in the form of general development and support for the growth of all industries in the country.

Assessing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the financial and economic structure performance of Turkish sea freight transport sector

The impact of Covid-19 on the global economy’s functioning and the long-term growth of supply chains was first reported in Türkiye in March 2020. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the financial and economic structure performance of Turkish sea freight transport sector, as well as how the sector has adapted to the new reality brought on by Covid-19. In this regard, the consolidated financial statements of 997 companies for the year 2020 were studied using ratio analysis, and the results were compared to the financial outputs of the 2008 global financial crisis and the European sovereign dept crisis. As a result of the study, it was determined that the sector’s response to crises in different time periods varied. In order to avoid debt default during the pandemic, the capital structure restricted short-term resources while increasing long-term resources. Despite the pandemic conditions, it has been noticed that there are no barriers to accessing money market instruments in the sector, that the working capital structure has been enhanced, and that a balanced financing plan has been established to ensure the continuity of cash flows. This is the first study that analyses the sector as a whole, reveals the financial and economic repercussions of the pandemic on the sector, and compares these effects to those of recent financial crises. In addition, authorities of the maritime transport industry in other countries will find this helpful research for conducting comparative analyses, and the findings can be generalised.

Decoupling trend and emission reduction potential of CO2 emissions from China's petrochemical industry.

This paper aims to study the decoupling status and emission reduction potential of China's petrochemical industry from 1996 to 2019. Firstly, the IPCC method is used to calculate the CO2 emissions of the petrochemical industry in China, then the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method is used to identify the influencing factors of CO2 emissions, then the decoupling index is constructed to analyze the dependence of economic development on CO2 emissions, and finally the emission reduction potential model is established by using the influencing factors to reflect the CO2 emission reduction potential of the petrochemical industry. The results reveal that (1) the CO2 emissions can be divided into two stages of slow decline (1996-2000), (2015-2019), and one stage of rapid growth (2000-2015). (2) The energy intensity effect is the most effective factor to restrain CO2 emission, the economic growth effect is the key factor to promote CO2 emission. (3) From 1996 to 2019, there was a weak decoupling relationship between CO2 emission of petrochemical industry and economic development. Strong decoupling only occurred in 1996-2000 and 2015-2019. The CO2 emissions show only three decoupling score: I, II, and III. (4) CO2 mitigation occurred in four sub periods: 1996-2000, 2005-2010, 2010-2015, and 2015-2019. Therefore, the government should establish an energy-saving and environment-friendly industrial production system, intensify the use of clean energy, and optimize the labor force structure. It not only effectively strengthens the decoupling between the petrochemical industry and economic development, but also provides an empirical example for the carbon emission reduction and economic sustainable development of the petrochemical industry in other countries in the world.

International Evaluation of China’s Beef Cattle Industry Development Level and Lagging Points

Quality, efficiency, safety and environmental protection are important directions for the development of animal husbandry in China. Taking China’s beef industry as an example, this study establishes a comprehensive index system from six industrial subsystems: resource endowment, production, consumption, quality, trade and environment. By comparison with the beef cattle industry in other countries, great effort is being made to position the development level of China’s beef industry and to determine its lagging points, according to the coupling coordination degree and relative development degree of each subsystem. Under the multidimensional development goals, the development level of China’s beef cattle industry shows a fluctuating upward-downward trend, and the resource endowment has a certain advantage, but the development of the production, consumption, quality and environmental subsystems is insufficient and lacks competitiveness. China’s beef cattle industry is less developed than in Brazil, the United States, Argentina, Australia and other countries in terms of production, consumption, quality, trade and environment. The industrial subsystems mainly present low-level coordination and operation, with lagging development of the production quantity and quality. According to the analysis of the industry’s weaknesses, China’s beef industry needs to promote the combination of planting and breeding, cost reduction, efficiency increase, and green breeding.

The Lviv-based journal "Nafta" in 1893-1914

The article describes the Lviv-based journal “Nafta”, which was published between 1893 and 1914. The journal was published as a monthly or biweekly and its editorial board was composed of professors of Lviv universities and Galician economic activists. "Nafta" was not the first journal devoted to the issues of the oil industry – methods of its extraction, economic questions on this branch of the economy, information on the functioning of the oil industry in other countries or the actions of national and state authorities towards this industry. Such journals had already been published earlier in Gorlice and Krosno and, after the publication of "Nafta" began, also in Jasło (Pawłowski 1995: 366). However, these journals were ephemera, and the Lviv-based "Nafta", as the long-standing organ of the National Petroleum Society and earlier the Society of Petroleum Technicians, was published until the end of July 1914. Keywords: Galicia, Lviv, oil industry in Galicia, Polish journals in Galicia.

Purchasing Behavior: Mediating Roles of Brand Personality and Religiosity in the Purchase of Halal Cosmetics

The purpose of this paper is to add to the body of knowledge about brand personality and consumer behaviour to purchase Halal cosmetic products. This study examines the effect of brand personality on the actual purchase of Halal cosmetics products, as well as the moderating effect of religiosity on this relationship. In this study, the population includes Muslim women in Indonesia who have purchased halal cosmetic. The population are represented by 6 big islands in Indonesia and involves 500 respondents. This study was conducted by sending the target population an email invitation to complete an online survey and using social networking using snowball sampling. The data analysis method used is the SEM-PLS approach which is based on the SmartPLS version of 3.2.7. The study found that brand personality has a significant influence on consumers’ actual purchase behaviour. Another finding from this study is that religiosity does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between brand personality and actual purchases. Future research can continue the research of brand personality to other similar industries in other countries and not just the halal cosmetics industry in Indonesia.

Prediction of the Change Points in Stock Markets Using DAE-LSTM

Since the creation of stock markets, there have been attempts to predict their movements, and new prediction methodologies have been devised. According to a recent study, when the Russell 2000 industry index starts to rise, stocks belonging to the corresponding industry in other countries also rise accordingly. Based on this empirical result, this study seeks to predict the start date of industry uptrends using the Russell 2000 industry index. The proposed model in this study predicts future stock prices using a denoising autoencoder (DAE) long short-term memory (LSTM) model and predicts the existence and timing of future change points in stock prices through Pettitt’s test. The results of the empirical analysis confirmed that this proposed model can find the change points in stock prices within 7 days prior to the start date of actual uptrends in selected industries. This study contributes to predicting a change point through a combination of statistical and deep learning models, and the methodology developed in this study could be applied to various financial time series data for various purposes.