Industry In France Research Articles

The Relationship between Dividend Policy and Stock Price Volatility in the Tech Industry in France

The Relationship between Dividend Policy and Stock Price Volatility in the Tech Industry in France

PURCHASING TEAM INNOVATION CLIMATES AS ANTECEDENTS OF PURCHASING INVOLVEMENT IN OPEN INNOVATION

This study aims to enhance our understanding of the relationship between team innovation climate within the purchasing team and the level of purchasing involvement in open innovation (OI) initiatives. Previous research in psychology and management has documented the impact of team climate on innovation capacity. Furthermore, the purchasing function has been recognised as a bridge between internal and external resources in OI. However, to date, research has not examined the link between the team innovation climate and the role of the purchasing function in OI initiatives. To address this gap, we studied a sample of 258 purchasing teams across industries in France based on a self-audit and questionnaire using established team innovation climate scales. From our analyses, four dimensions of the purchasing team climate towards innovation emerge: the team cohesiveness, the team creativity, the leader support for innovation and the institutional support for innovation. We subsequently conduct regression and necessary condition analysis. Our results show that institutional support is both necessary and positively related to involvement. Moreover, purchasing’s ability to contribute to inbound OI is constrained by each of the four dimensions of the team innovation climate, to various extents. Our work thereby elucidates the individual elements and the collective impact of the team innovation climate that enable the exploitation of the innovative potential of suppliers through purchasing’s bridge function between external and internal innovation actors providing new insights into the human side of OI at team level. Managerial Highlights • Team innovation climate plays an important role in the management of open innovation. • Team innovation climate influences the purchasing team’s involvement in open innovation projects of its firm i.e. the way its open innovation is managed. • There are four dimensions affecting the purchasing team innovation climate: institutional support, team leader support, team creativity and team cohesiveness. • High levels of involvement of the purchasing function do not occur without at least medium levels of these four dimensions. • Only institutional support is directly and positively related to the increasing level of involvement of purchasing in open innovation initiatives.

A meso-political economy of how climate issues impact regulation: the case of the wood industry in France

A meso-political economy of how climate issues impact regulation: the case of the wood industry in France

Cost-Benefit Analysis for Green Demonstrators: Application to the Container Glass Industry in France

Cost-Benefit Analysis for Green Demonstrators: Application to the Container Glass Industry in France

Cancer mortality after low dose exposure to ionising radiation in workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS): cohort study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of protracted low dose, low dose rate exposure to ionising radiation on the risk of cancer.DesignMultinational cohort study.SettingCohorts of workers in the nuclear industry in France,...

Providing pandemic business interruption coverage with double trigger cat bonds.

The aim of this paper is to show how qualified investors in cat bonds can offer adequate pandemic business interruption protection in a comprehensive public-private coverage scheme. First, we propose a numerical model to expose how cat bonds can contribute to complement standard re/insurance by improving coverage of cedents even though risks are positively correlated during a pandemic. Second, we introduce double trigger pandemic business interruption cat bonds, which we name PBI bonds, and discuss their precise characteristics to provide efficient coverage. A first trigger should be pulled when the World Health Organization declares a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The second trigger determines the payout of the bond based on the modelised business interruption losses of an industry in a country. We discuss moral hazard, basis risk, correlation and liquidity issues which are critical in the context of a pandemic. Third, we simulate the life of theoretical PBI bonds in the restaurant industry in France by using data gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hotel and business in modern France and Germany

This article discusses the historical prerequisites for the emergence of tourism in Europe and analyzes its historically determined features. The authors show the characteristic national aspects of the tourism industry in France and Germany. The historical and cultural background and prospects of European tourism are also studied against the backdrop of political, economic and cultural processes in modern Europe. The article also shows the main elements of the tourism business in the countries under consideration, including their hotel component. Travel promotes cultural exchange and education, enhances the quality of life, strengthens health and supports the cohesion of people. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed people’s desire to travel. Before the pandemic, the German tourism industry planned to raise the profile of this sector of the economy, since 4 % of the value added in Germany is directly related to tourism. The economics of the tourism industry also has an impact on other sectors of the economy such as the mobility sector. Tourism is a key driver of regional development in many regions of the world, including Germany and France. The overall goal may be to use this influence wisely and create additional value for tourists and for the local population.

Quantifying GHG emissions enabled by capital and labor: Economic and gender inequalities in France

AbstractMany studies have investigated the carbon footprint of households. They rely on consumption‐based responsibility and focus on how many emissions are embodied in a product. Here we open a new field by discussing the emissions that individuals enable by providing labor and capital to companies, using the framework of income‐based (downstream) responsibility. This perspective focuses on the emissions enabled by providing inputs to production processes, and is relevant for discussion of sustainable work and the carbon impact of investment and financial portfolios. We compute the downstream carbon intensity of primary inputs for 35 industries in France using the multi‐regional input–output database EXIOBASE. We provide a detailed picture of enabled emissions, disaggregating those by industry and primary inputs. On average, capital inputs are more carbon intensive than labor inputs. Finally, we couple downstream carbon intensities with an extensive national survey on wages to obtain a distribution of the income‐based emissions of employees. Income‐based emissions are much more unequally distributed than wages due to the huge variability of carbon intensity across industries: a truck driver enables far more emissions than a social‐care worker. Inequalities in emissions do not strongly interact with economic inequality. Yet they are gendered because women work disproportionately in low‐carbon‐intensive industries such as healthcare. As a result, women contribute less to GHG emissions than their wage share would seem to indicate.

Configuring Cultural Emerging Industries: A Comparison of the French and Italian Fashion Industries

AbstractThis paper builds on a body of multi-disciplinary literature to analyze and compare the emergence of the prêt-à-porter industry in France and the ready-to-wear industry in Italy from their founding to their growth stages in the mid-twentieth century. The comparison demonstrates the significant impact that the French Chambre Syndicale de la Couture, des Confectionneurs et des Tailleurs pour Dame, and the National Chamber of Italian Fashion had on the trajectories of the fashion industry for each country. The article focuses on foundational entrepreneurs within the industry such as Giovanni Battista Giorgini, Jean Patou, Coco Chanel, Christian Dior, and others. It analyzes how these chambers supported the emergence of differentiated firms within the fashion industry, and how the industry responded to the business conditions in the international economy of the post-World War II period through the global recession of the 1970s.

STUDY OF THE FIRST BOULOGNE-SUR-MER CEMENTS USED FOR A HISTORIC AQUEDUCT FROM THE 19TH CENTURY

Natural and Roman cements are generally considered as the first binders of the 19th century concrete but their widespread usage was short-lived as they were quickly replaced by artificial cements (Portland), still the most important and predominant today. The Boulogne-Sur-Mer area in the North of France is one of the cradles of the French cement industry where the first French natural cement was produced in 1802 and the first French Portland cement at around 1850. These cements, natural and artificial, quickly gained a national and international fame. This paper presents a case study of a 19th century aqueduct, still in operation, with a focus on identifying the binders of concretes and mortars. Several combined techniques – optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) – were carried out to characterize and determine the compositions of the binders present in the aqueduct. Phenolphthalein tests were carried out in order to evaluate the depth of carbonation in the concrete. Several concrete and mortar samples, from pinkish to greyish ones, were taken from the outer and inner parts of the aqueduct. Results show several clinker morphologies and compositions, and different types of hydrates. They also reveal important differences in the microstructure between natural and Portland cement, dated from an early period of the cement industry in France. The concomitance of the use of natural and Portland cement, and good durability of these materials highlight the know-how of the engineers in the 1860s on cement performances and characteristics.

What can be Expected from Mergers After Deregulation? The Case of the Long-Distance Bus Industry in France.

This study estimates the competitive effects of horizontal mergers in the French long-distance bus industry. We examine the two mergers that followed the 2015 Deregulation Act (the Macron Law); we use an exclusive and exhaustive dataset that covers eight consecutive quarters. We analyze the merger effects by comparing bus links that were affected by mergers with those that were unaffected; we use difference-in-differences estimations. We find that the two mergers are associated with price increases of about 13.5% immediately that then moderate to 5.3%; and with the frequency decreases from − 21.5 to − 25.7%; we observe no effects on load factors. These findings show evidence of short-run anticompetitive effects, while the mergers under study were not scrutinized by the French competition agency, as they were below the notification thresholds.

All for One and One for All: Institutions Shape Wineries’ Adaptation to Climate Change

Firms join institutions voluntarily to gain legitimacy and commercial benefits. In return, they submit to membership rules and practice standards. When external conditions such as climate change, such voluntary institutional membership can pose a dilemma: climate-sensitive firms may enjoy important benefits from their membership while having little room to implement the requisite adaptation measures. To explore this undertheorized tension, we build a comparative case study of strategic adaptation to climate change. We focus on the wine industry in France, where firms voluntarily join collectives with strictly defined membership rules and practices, in comparison to their peers in California, who do not face these strict membership conditions. We find that when institutions highly constrain the repertoire of corporate adaptation strategies, wineries advocate stretching institutional boundaries to reestablish a fit between their practices and the changing climate. Institutions then pool resources and develop innovative long-term solutions for their members which both maintain their identity and selectively accommodate corporate adaptations. The insight that voluntary institutional membership orients firms towards identity-preserving, long-term, innovative practices enriches the literature on corporate climate change adaptation, institutional maintenance, and intertemporal orientation.

A 34-year overview of night work by occupation and industry in France based on census data and a sex-specific job-exposure matrix

BackgroundNight work has been increasing in the last decades due to new working arrangements for good and services production. Numerous studies have shown that night shift work causes disruptions in circadian rhythms that may affect health. In 2019, night shift work was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and may contribute to other health disorders. In this context, we assessed the number and proportion of workers exposed to night work today and investigated time trends by occupation and industry in France since 1982 in terms of prevention.MethodsUsing the data on work time schedules collected in the French Labour Force Surveys, sex- and period-specific job-exposure matrices (JEMs) to night work (working between midnight and 5 AM) were developed. After linkage of the JEMs with data of the national censuses of 1982, 1990, 1999, 2007 and 2015, the numbers and proportions of workers usually or occasionally exposed to night work were estimated.ResultsThe number of night workers (usual and occasional) increased from 3.67 million in 1982 to 4.37 million in 2015 (15.8% vs 16.4%). Night work was more common in men than in women (e.g. 22.4% vs 10.0% in 2015), and usual night work largely increased after 2000 (4.4% in 1999, 7.2% in 2007). In 2015, 1.29 million men worked usually at night, including 882,000 workers in the service sector (63%) and 360,000 in the manufacturing and extracting industries (28%). For the same period, 581,000 women were usual night workers, most of them being employed in the service sector (90%). Among women, a 97% increase of usual night work was observed between 1982 and 2015.ConclusionsThis study shows that night work involves a growing number of workers in France, particularly in women in the service sector. These results raise concern about the public health impact of night work and particularly about the numbers of outcomes attributable to this exposure such as breast or prostate cancers.

Labour–management relations and employee involvement in lean production systems in different national contexts: A comparison of French and Swedish aerospace companies

Existing research has found heterogeneity in the implementation of Lean and its outcomes in terms of employee involvement across countries. This article explores the potential role of labour–management relations. It relies on in-depth company case studies carried out in the aerospace industry in France and Sweden. The study finds significant variations in employee involvement – higher in the Swedish than in the French cases. Managerial orientations did play a role, as the ‘technocratic’ form of Lean in France echoed a more unilateral top-down conception of management, while Swedish managers appeared more receptive to the ‘involvement-enhancing’ paradigm. But the attitudes and behaviours of unions were also a crucial factor, as Swedish unions were very effective in impinging on the implementation of Lean at workplace level, while their French counterparts, often divided, adopted a more defensive stance, lacking expertise and implication in the promotion of high-involvement work organisations.

The system of the genius: the French New Wave’s politique des producteurs

ABSTRACT This essay constructs a post-auteurist historiography of the French New Wave centred on the role of the producer. Examining the scattered recollections and contradictory accounts of producers Pierre Braunberger, Anatole Dauman, Georges de Beauregard, Mag Bodard and Christine Gouze-Rénal, the author builds a case for considering the New Wave’s director-oriented legacy, its aura of genius creators, as in part the product of producers’ own tactics and attitudes of self-effacement. By conceiving of the New Wave producer figure as curatorial – curating a movement and a sensibility in the role of patron and promoter of both films and directors – this investigation finds a production culture shaped by particular economic, cultural and intellectual contexts that enabled the New Wave to exist and thrive. This production culture positioned itself outside the established production industries of France. It was also masculinist and characterised by gender imbalance. Finding that women productrices faced unique challenges and setbacks, sometimes at the hands of their fellow producers, the essay analyses the hidden role of the New Wave producer while recognising that this role’s agency varied based on gender.

Tourism Industry in France in Consideration of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Main Selected Issues

COVID-19 led to a shockwave in all aspects of the tourism sector, generating an increase in significant studies. The research regards the selected problems within the tourism industry in France: the participation in tourism for personal purposes; the total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP; domestic tourism expenditure; spending of international tourists; the direct contribution of travel and tourism to employment; the average price of a standard double hotel room in Paris in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fundamental aim of the paper is the assessment of the situation within the tourism industry in France in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is using of statistical, dynamics, comparative and documentation analysis. The discussion shows that the tourism sector in France within the chosen aspects impacted various COVID-19 pandemic related shocks in the examination time. The authorities applied the relevant instruments, solutions, and activities that mitigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and, in result, positioned tourism industry in France on the proper way to return to the position as one of the most visited countries in the world. Originally from 2021, similar tourism tendencies to those noticed in 2020 (country lockdowns, quarantines, border closures), modifications of structure beginning from summer 2020 can result in hysteresis consequences in 2022. The inference process took place in a deductive way. The presented paper regards the leading tourist country. It focuses on the considerations in such scientific areas as participation in tourism for personal purposes; the total contribution of travel domestic tourism expenditure; spending of international tourists; employment. Applying the instruments and measures of the analysis enables one to examine the crucial problems of the tourism industry. The arguments indicated in the paper can be beneficial for practitioners, decision-makers, and managers. The pandemic's trajectory is challenging to be forecast. The COVID-19 pandemic modifications can cause the growth of infected people.Furthermore, the defined economic activity within the tourism sector resulting from additional lockdowns may have a meaningful influence on the different aspects of the socio-economic ground. The paper can inspire additional research and examination in the ground of crucial issues of the tourism industry in France and other stimulating scientific analysis. Copyright© 2022 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Tourism Industry in France in Consideration of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Main Selected Issues

COVID-19 led to a shockwave in all aspects of the tourism sector, generating an increase in significant studies. The research regards the selected problems within the tourism industry in France: the participation in tourism for personal purposes; the total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP; domestic tourism expenditure; spending of international tourists; the direct contribution of travel and tourism to employment; the average price of a standard double hotel room in Paris in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fundamental aim of the paper is the assessment of the situation within the tourism industry in France in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is using of statistical, dynamics, comparative and documentation analysis. The discussion shows that the tourism sector in France within the chosen aspects impacted various COVID-19 pandemic related shocks in the examination time. The authorities applied the relevant instruments, solutions, and activities that mitigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and, in result, positioned tourism industry in France on the proper way to return to the position as one of the most visited countries in the world. Originally from 2021, similar tourism tendencies to those noticed in 2020 (country lockdowns, quarantines, border closures), modifications of structure beginning from summer 2020 can result in hysteresis consequences in 2022. The inference process took place in a deductive way. The presented paper regards the leading tourist country. It focuses on the considerations in such scientific areas as participation in tourism for personal purposes; the total contribution of travel domestic tourism expenditure; spending of international tourists; employment. Applying the instruments and measures of the analysis enables one to examine the crucial problems of the tourism industry. The arguments indicated in the paper can be beneficial for practitioners, decision-makers, and managers. The pandemic's trajectory is challenging to be forecast. The COVID-19 pandemic modifications can cause the growth of infected people.Furthermore, the defined economic activity within the tourism sector resulting from additional lockdowns may have a meaningful influence on the different aspects of the socio-economic ground. The paper can inspire additional research and examination in the ground of crucial issues of the tourism industry in France and other stimulating scientific analysis. 

Productivity changes in the automotive industry of three European countries. An application of the Malmquist index decomposition analysis

This paper analyzes the changes in productivity of small and large firms operating in the automotive industry in France, Italy and Spain, occurred during the pre-crisis (2001-2008) and post-crisis (2009-2014) periods. To this aim, the Malmquist index as a measure of total factor productivity (TFP) variation is computed, by using the non-parametric technique DEA, integrated by a bootstrap technique proposed by Simar and Wilson (1999). The analysis allows distinguishing among different possible sources of TFP changes, i.e. pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and technological change. The latter comes up to be the main channel through which the global crisis negatively impacted on productivity, presumably by hampering the primary engines of technological change, i.e. research, innovation and investment through reduced availability of financial resources for SMEs, worsened perspectives for firm growth and greater concentration in selected geographical areas of investments by parent companies.

Sunshine on KOLs: assessment of the nature, extent and evolution of financial ties between the leaders of professional medical associations and the pharmaceutical industry in France from 2014 to 2019: a retrospective study

ObjectiveTo investigate the financial relationships between key opinion leader (KOL) or non-KOL physicians and pharmaceutical and device companies in France.DesignRetrospective and descriptive study.SettingAll doctors practising in France, with a focus...

POSC224 Drug Supply Chain Disruption: Retrospective Analysis of Substitution Procurement Agreements in a University Hospital Structure

Between 2013 and 2019, the number of pharmaceutical supply chain disruptions declared by industry in France had been threefold increased. The covid-19 crisis amplified this rise including in 2020. Substitution procurement agreements (SPA) are formalized to overcome pharmaceutical shortages. These agreements are set up with costs to be paid by the defaulting holder. During the crisis, this additional cost was not charged to the defaulting suppliers. The aim of this study is to analyze retrospectively the development of supply chain disruption between 2016 and 2020 in our hospital structure and to quantify their impacts.