Expansion Of Industry Research Articles

Evaluating a microalga (Schizochytrium sp.) as an alternative to fish oil in fish-free feeds for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)

Alternative feeds are critical for the sustainable expansion of the marine finfish aquaculture industry. The industry uses wild-caught forage fish as a primary ingredient in farmed fish feeds. Alternative ingredients are needed to safeguard fisheries' sustainability and future aquaculture development. While there have been successes in alternative feeds, it is necessary to improve the existing options and identify alternative ingredients with higher concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study was designed to test a microalga, Schizochytrium sp., as a feed ingredient for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) using six test diets. There were two fish-ingredient control diets: +FM+FO, which contained both fishmeal and fish oil, and −FM+FO, which contained fish oil, but no fishmeal. The remaining four diets contained alternative lipids and were completely fish-free. FF Flax contained flax oil as the only lipid source replacing fish oil. FF LowSc, FF ModSc, and FF HighSc contained a low, moderate, and high level of Schizochytrium sp. to replace fish oil, with flax oil content decreasing as the microalga increased. After a 20-week trial, sablefish growth differed across the feed treatments, with fish fed the high microalga-inclusion diet (FF HighSc) performing similarly to fish fed the fish-ingredient controls. Fulton's K condition factor, dry feed intake (DFI), and lipid productive value (LPV) were also influenced by treatment. For the four fish-free diets, specific growth rate increased with increasing inclusion of Schizochytrium sp. in the feed. Fillet fatty acid profiles were similarly influenced by diet treatment, generally reflecting the fatty acid profiles of the feed. Total fillet PUFAs were higher in sablefish from the fish-free treatments than the control treatments, with DHA increasing with increasing inclusion of dietary Schizochytrium. In contrast, EPA was higher in fillets from both fish-ingredient control treatments compared to fillets from the fish-free treatments, yet EPA remained higher than expected in sablefish fed the fish-free diets. Histologic evaluation of sablefish distal intestine and liver demonstrated that the microalga-inclusion diets were well tolerated and did not cause histomorphological changes in the tissues. These results suggest Schizochytrium sp. can increase PUFA concentrations in fish fillets without compromising fish health and growth, making it a viable ingredient for alternative sablefish feeds.

Does Labor Transfer Improve Farmers’ Willingness to Withdraw from Farming?—A Bivariate Probit Modeling Approach

Because of the increased expansion of the non-agricultural industry spurred on by vigorous urbanization, labor migration or transfer from farm to urban regions is to become more predominant in China. Studying the effect of labor transfer on farmers’ willingness to withdraw from land is conducive to deepening the understanding of the reality of the “separation of human and farmland”. As most rural livelihoods, directly and indirectly, depend upon farming, the socio-economic impact of leaving the homestead fosters profound research value. Moreover, it would provide a decision-making reference for the government to improve the design of the rural land withdrawal system and related support policies. This article uses the survey data of 953 farmers in Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Anhui, China, to empirically analyze labor transfer’s effect on farmers’ willingness to withdraw from farmland. We construct a bivariate Probit model by eliminating the endogenous issue to craft its findings. This study outlines its findings: (i) 61.805% of the farmers were unwilling, and 18.048% were willing to withdraw from the contracted land and homestead. While 12.067% of the farmers were only willing to withdraw from the contracted land, 8.080% of the farmers were only willing to withdraw from the homestead. Further testing found a positive correlation between farmers’ willingness to withdraw from contracted land and the homestead. (ii) The overall labor transfer of households can increase the willingness of farmers to quit contracted land and homestead farming. The incomplete labor transfer of households can improve the willingness of farmers to quit contracted land. Still, it has no significant impact on the willingness of farmers to quit their homesteads. The family’s complete labor transfer incentivizes farmers’ willingness to withdraw from contracted land and the homestead, which is more potent than incomplete family labor transfer. (iii) Incomplete labor transfer of female households has an incentive effect on farmers’ willingness to quit contracted land, and the effect is more robust than that of incomplete household labor transfer. Seemingly, complete female labor transfer of households has an incentive effect on farmers’ willingness to quit contracted land and the homestead, and the effect is stronger than the complete labor transfer of the family. Because of this, the government should respect the wishes of farmers and strengthen the effective connection and mutual promotion between the homestead and contracted land withdrawal policy. Moreover, pay concentrated attention to the vital role of different types of labor transfer, and targeted labor transfer mechanisms should be used to guide farmers in an orderly manner.

A Study of the Impact of Financial Expansion on Regional Indebtedness

This study examines the impact of financial expansion degree on regional liabilities, selects panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and regions from 2004 to 2020, measures the data with a two-way fixed-effects model, examines heterogeneity and moderating effects among regions, and empirically tests the relationship between the two major variables. The study found a U-shaped relationship between financial expansion and regional indebtedness for the country as a whole, developed and less developed regions, with developed regions having an inverted U-shaped relationship and less developed regions having a positive U-shaped relationship. Changes in financial expansion affect the magnitude of regional indebtedness and have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the main variables. Regions with a higher degree of industrial expansion have more sensitive indebtedness to financial expansion changes. Based on the study's findings, this article makes significant value suggestions for regional government policies on using financial sector financing to drive economic development based on regional development.

A G-code approach to product development: The industry, CAD/CAM and the Nigerian polytechnics nexus

Computer-aided design and manufacturing, often known as CAD/CAM, is an option to attain high productivity in the manufacturing industry. To support the industrial sector's expansion, the country needs Polytechnic graduates with solid backgrounds in CAD/CAM. The nation's Polytechnic manufacturing/mechanical/industrial engineering programme must be strong and provide beginners with advanced CAD/CAM courses to address this requirement. The industry's successful CAD/CAM instructions linking the Nigerian polytechnics were discussed, emphasising how it could aid technical advancement. Therefore, the capability of the TPS-3910 CNC milling training machine procedure for applying a G-code programming approach to profile an octagonal form and a rectangular slot on a rectangular Teflon was examined. The G-code, reliable programming in preliminary words was generated and utilised as the input data on the proper coordinates. The profile on the workpiece was created using the TPS-3910 CNC milling machine after configuring it. The profile shape demonstrated the precision and dimensional accuracy connected to TPS-3910 CNC training machining. Therefore, a well-established CAD/CAM-based institution would significantly drive the industrial sector by providing state-of-the-art designs and innovations, employment and mitigating Nigeria's economic crisis.

Soil erosion and hydroclimatic hazards in major African port cities: the case study of Tangier

Land degradation and soil erosion are becoming increasingly problematic in Africa's rapidly developing urban areas, particularly in Major Port Cities. Uncontrolled expansion and human pressures are hindering planning, adaptation, and conservation efforts. To understand the extent of these issues, this study combined morphometric analysis, soil loss calculation, field monitoring, and remote sensing and GIS tools to assess soil erosion in the Metropolis of Tangier (Morocco) located at the confluence of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean at the Strait of Gibraltar. The study relied on data from 13 rain gauge stations, official reports, and remote sensing acquisitions, as well as field observations. Results showed an average soil erosion rate of 24.2 t/ha/year, equivalent to an annual soil loss of 588,051 t/year. This high rate was largely due to areas with a high erosion risk (99.8%), covering only 8.3% of the territory, which were characterized by recently burned topsoil, fallow land, and steep slopes. These areas included both uncontrolled neighbourhoods and areas for planned urban and industrial expansion, posing a threat to the landscape's sustainability and socio-economic prospects. The morphometric analysis revealed its high vulnerability to erosion and degradation, with the highest soil loss rates observed in the eastern and western regions. The study also found that flash floods caused by hydroclimatic hazards can lead to significant damage to infrastructure and equipment, particularly in western sub-basins and mountainous regions. In conclusion, the use of remote sensing and GIS technologies provided valuable insights into the physical characteristics and vulnerability of the Tangier Metropolis to land degradation and soil erosion. These findings emphasize the need for effective land management practices and conservation measures to mitigate the impacts of land degradation and soil erosion in the face of climate change. This information is crucial for decision-makers and stakeholders to develop strategies to address these pressing issues.

Platform Firms, Commercial Real Estate Cycles and San Francisco’s Growth as a Tech Cluster, 2008–2020

Between the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. technology industry increasingly shifted toward cities. Local governments pursuing innovation-led growth encouraged this shift, as exemplified by San Francisco, the spatial and symbolic urban home of the global technology industry. The commercial real estate market is central to understanding the city’s growth as a tech cluster between 2008 and 2020. Platform technology firms substantially contributed to employment growth and demand for office real estate in San Francisco during this period of rapid tech industry expansion. The city also exemplifies how the pandemic-led transition to remote work has profoundly changed the relationship between platform firms and urban space. In this article, we use interviews and secondary sources to study tech-led office leasing and development activity in San Francisco. We identify neighborhood-level trajectories of path dependence, industrial conversion, failed revitalization, and frontier-making during the period of growth leading up to 2020. Digital platform companies exert significant economic and political influence over cities, but their control over urban space is also constrained by the historical, material, and economic realities of commercial real estate.

The expansion of pharmaceutical manufacturing industries is critical to strengthen African health systems and decrease reliance on foreign imports.

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Iraqi Economy and Renewable Energy Projects Between Economic Necessity and Investment Challenges

Purpose: Given Iraq's current excessive fossil fuel output, this article seeks to investigate the country's potential for future renewable energy sources. The report also endeavors to foresee Iraq's future position in clean energy production in Iraq and throughout the globe and the rate at which the global energy market will shift towards renewable energy sources.
 
 Theoretical framework: Iraq's reliance on oil earnings and the country's overburdened public sector poses serious economic issues. There is a domination of state-owned firms, stringent laws, a need for more access to finance, a shortage of competent labor, and poor infrastructure that limits the expansion of numerous industries. Growth in recent years has not led to decreased poverty since the economy has changed greatly since 2014.
 
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The study included both retrospective and prospective approaches. The most pressing problems in implementing and making use of renewable energy sources were described and analyzed descriptively. Future outcomes for the Iraqi economy were envisioned using a prospective approach in the form of development scenarios.
 
 Findings: A significant source of international capital flows and a key source of funding for economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) has mostly focused on the oil industry and certain tourism projects. As a result of the country's outdated energy grid, investors are interested in something other than investing in Iraq's electrical industry.
 
 Research, practical & social implications: We describe the current issues confronting Iraqi economic development, including the need for more diversity in the economy, structural imbalances between the main sectors, and the near-total dependence on crude oil export revenues, resulting in a decline in industrial production.
 
 Originality/Value: We describe the reality of the Iraqi economy, analyze the structure of Iraq's energy sector based on conventional energy, and then find out about the progress made in renewable energy and existing and future projects under fossil fuels.

Microbial production of cis,cis-muconic acid from aromatic compounds in engineered Pseudomonas

Industrial expansion has led to environmental pollution by xenobiotic compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Pseudomonas spp. have broad metabolic potential for degrading aromatic compounds. The objective of this study was to develop a “biological funneling” strategy based on genetic modification to convert complex aromatic compounds into cis,cis-muconate (ccMA) using Pseudomonas putida B6-2 and P. brassicacearum MPDS as biocatalysts. The engineered strains B6-2 (B6-2ΔcatBΔsalC) and MPDS (MPDSΔsalC(pUCP18k-catA)) thrived with biphenyl or naphthalene as the sole carbon source and produced ccMA, attaining molar conversions of 95.3% (ccMA/biphenyl) and 100% (ccMA/naphthalene). Under mixed substrates, B6-2ΔcatBΔsalC grew on biphenyl as a carbon source and transformed ccMA from non-growth substrates benzoate or salicylate to obtain higher product concentration. Inserting exogenous clusters like bedDC1C2AB and xylCMAB allowed B6-2 recombinant strains to convert benzene and toluene to ccMA. In mixed substrates, constructed consortia of engineered strains B6-2 and MPDS specialized in catabolism of biphenyl and naphthalene; the highest molar conversion rate of ccMA from mixed substrates was 85.2% when B6-2ΔcatBΔsalC was added after 24 h of MPDSΔsalC(pUCP18k-catA) incubation with biphenyl and naphthalene. This study provides worthwhile insights into efficient production of ccMA from aromatic hydrocarbons by reusing complex pollutants.

To What Extent Will Space Debris Impact the Economy?

With the expansion of the space industry, debris congestion has become a serious problem. When space debris collides with satellites in orbit, it may damage the satellites or, in the worst case, cause an explosion. While economic activity influences debris congestion, debris can also influence the economy. To what extent does debris affect the economy? Furthermore, what would be the optimal path of debris emission considering the economy and space environment? This study aims to quantify the severity of the problem. We simulate the damage caused by the environmental problem of orbital debris using a standard economic growth model in macroeconomics, augmented with a satellite sector and collision possibility. In the model, launching satellites means two things: more factors of production and more orbital objects. A newly launched satellite provides satellite services to the economy and increases production capacity. At the same time, by being placed in orbit, a satellite increases the risk of collisions. Our results show that debris will cause negative damage of approximately 1.95% of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the long term if no debris is remediated at all.

Natural resources extraction and industrial expansion: Natural resources a curse or blessing for the industrial sector of China?

Several studies in the previous literature evaluated the nexus of natural resources and economic growth. However, the literature on industrial expansion is generally missing, specifically in China's context. Henceforth, this study evaluates the nexus of natural resource rents and industrial expansion in China from 1985 to 2021. The study accounts for the globalization index and economic growth as control variables. Several time series methods are included, including ADF-GLS for unit root testing and the test specifies that all variables are non-stationary at level I (0). For the empirical findings, ARDL techniques are documented, which reveal that natural resources have an asymmetric effect on industrial expansion. Mineral and forest rents increase industrial expansion in China, while coal rents significantly decrease industrial expansion. Globalization index and economic growth highly improve industrial expansion in China despite taking several breaks in economic growth. The robustness check analysis results are similar to the main estimates obtained via ARDL; However, the two important components of natural resources rents, including mineral rents and forest rents, were found insignificant through both parametric tests, which indicate resource curse in China with industrial expansion. Several policy implications have been derived from the estimates, indicating that globalization and economic growth must be encouraged further to enhance natural resource rents and industrial expansion.

The Role of Safety Culture in Empowering Safety Behavior at Rail Transport Industry in Malaysia: A Review of Literature

The awareness on safety culture and behavioral safety is in higher demand to reduce occupational incidents. For instance, safety culture is an essential element that could influence employees’ occupational behavior. The increasing number of passengers over the past few decades is evidence of the rapid regional development facilitated by the expansion of the railway industry. It has been implemented to alleviate congestion on highways and airways, as well as to promote global efforts to cut the emissions and employ sustainable energy. However, the inadequacies in the railway industry's safety culture implementation led to a number of events, including train derailments and collisions, which has contributed to an increase in the rate of occupational accidents. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the literature on the safety culture as a role in empowering the behavior of railway employees towards safety performance. Thus, the quantitative research design will be conducted through close-ended questionnaire. The sample of this study consist on employees that working in Malaysian rail transport industry. Therefore, SmartPLS will be used to test the model. Moreover, the findings expected to acknowledge an extensive literature review to propose a conceptual framework. It will be accomplished through integrating safety culture into the perceptions of workers, which is expected to influence their safety behavior at workplace. Thus, the Malaysia rail transport industry and related party can use this study as recommendations to improve their safety culture practices.

Detecting Photoepileptic Content: Enhancing Safety

Abstract: Photosensitive epilepsy is a recognized medical condition that affects a sizeable portion of the population, putting individuals at risk for having convulsions triggered by flashing lights or contrasting patterns. Due to its impact on their ability to carry out daily activities and function normally, those who suffer from this condition face a significant challenge. Despite technological advancements and the expansion of the entertainment industry, the prevalence of flashing lights and symmetrical patterns persists, making it imperative to address this issue. This paper seeks to shed light on photosensitive epilepsy and explores a possible solution for detecting photoepileptic content in videos using video processing algorithms with predefined parameters aligned with recommended standards for tolerance levels in photosensitive epilepsy patients. The algorithm takes into account factors such as the luminance, brightness, and duration of flashes deemed safe for people with photosensitive epilepsy. There are currently no automated tools for detecting photoepileptic content in online videos. Some creators manually provide warnings regarding the presence of such content, highlighting the need for a detection tool to protect viewers with photosensitive epilepsy. This paper addresses the lack of regulatory software required to effectively monitor the entertainment industry's rapid evolution. This research contributes to mitigating the effects of photosensitive epilepsy and promoting a safer environment for individuals with this condition by increasing awareness.

ANALISIS RISIKO PENYEBAB KETERLAMBATAN PROYEK PENGEMBANGAN PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG MARGONO SURADJI YOGYAKARTA BERBASIS PMBOK

The expansion of industry and the growth of development facilities in Indonesia is very rapid, especially the construction of buildings. Then the level of difficulty to manage and run a building project is getting higher. The higher level of difficulty, the longer the duration of time required to complete the project. Even though an activity has been planned as well as possible, it still contains uncertainty that it will run fully according to the plan. This happened to the building construction project in Yogyakarta, where the project experienced a delay of 35%. This study aims to find out the causes that have a high influence on the delay in the project. In this study, the influence value category was calculated using the project risk management calculation approach based on the 2017 PMBOK.

Developing Innovative Cement Composites Containing Vine Shoot Waste and Superplasticizers.

The expansion of the construction industry requires large quantities of construction materials; therefore, the utilization of alternative raw materials that reduce the environmental impact and enhance the quality of the construction materials has received increasing interest. The comparative performance of 1% Dynamon SR3 or Dynamon SR41 superplasticizers on the properties of cement paste with 1 wt.% vine shoot waste addition (VSW) was investigated after 28 days using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and solid-state 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. VSW does not delay the formation of calcium hydroxide and C-S-H and a slight decrease of the -OH band in samples containing superplasticizers, suggesting that free lime is converted to carbonates. The highest degree of crystallinity was remarked for the samples with superplasticizers. The structure of the cement paste with VSW and superplasticizers was corroborated with mechanical properties, showing increased strength in using VSW and superplasticizers. The results showed that adding 1% VSW and superplasticizers does not change the performance of the cement paste but reduces the water-cement ratio. The combination of VSW and superplasticizers led to cement composite with improved structural and mechanical properties suitable for construction.

Assessing SDG-3 efficiency for SDG-1 by studying interplay of tourism development, poverty alleviation and sustainability.

The modern world is facing chaos of different connected issues. Achieving sustainability in the tourism industry for poverty reduction is one of them, having limited guidance for stakeholders. Thus, following SDG-3 guidelines for good well-being via tourism development could contribute to SDG-1 for no poverty. This roadmap needs scientific validation. Therefore, this research aims to determine how much of an overall impact tourism has on alleviating poverty and what factors account for the wide range of estimates of that impact. Using data from 2002 to 2020 and the ARDL model with eight variables, including (a) currency supply, (b) GDP per capita, and (c) tourism earnings higher GDP area, the current emphasis is on reducing the likelihood of any negative impacts this business may have on tourism. Lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) regions, higher profits per capita from tourism, and reduced poverty all have a role. With a 1% significance threshold, the observed data becomes more convincing. Last, the results show that the Laotian government intends for tourism to contribute to long-term environmentally responsible financial development. In addition, the study's empirical results corroborated the conclusion that policymakers should encourage the successful expansion of the tourist industry.

Multivariate Analysis ANOVA Based Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide in Lampung Barat And Way Kanan Regencies

The rise of construction projects and population growth, followed by the expansion of industry and any other sectors such as housing estate, offices, and transportation, can lead to not only economic growth but also negative impacts such as air pollution, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollutants. According to KEP-45/MENLH/10/1997, air pollution can be determined by The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI). The statistical analysis result employing the multivariate ANOVA test with the Anderson-Darling method showed the impact of NO2 concentrations on four location points over two years. Meanwhile, the data result of PSI revealed a high level of ambient air NO2 in Lampung Barat Regency, particularly at the monitoring point of offices. On the other hand, in Way Kanan Regency, the level of ambient air NO2 tends to be safe and secure at the monitoring point of industry and transportation. The factor of sampling location and technique (stage 1: dry season, stage 2: rainy season) did not give a significant effect on the NO2 level due to a p-value ≥ 0,05. However, the sampling point (of monitoring) influenced the NO2 level for p-value ≤ 0,05 in Lampung Barat and Way Kanan Regency in 2019-2020 which was still claimed as safe and secure based on PP No. 41 in the Year 1999, which sets the required limit at 100 g/m3.

Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria

This study investigates the influence of financial sector development on the economic growth of Nigeria. It examines how financial access, financial depth, financial stability, and financial efficiency affect Nigeria's gross domestic product using annual series data from 1986 to 2021, and sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria data bank. The descriptive, unit root, co-integration and Parsimonious error correction as well as the Granger Causality test were adopted at the 95% confidence level. From the analysis, all variables are integrated at order one; and presented of long-run cointegration. The Parsimonious error correction model confirmed that financial access and its depth are both positive and significant to gross domestic product, whereas financial stability and efficiency are both positive but insignificant to gross domestic product. The Granger causality test demonstrated a one-way movement from to gross domestic product to financial access, and a two-way causality between financial depth and gross domestic product only. In conclusion, the expansion of Nigeria's financial industry has a substantial impact on the growth of her economy. The study thus suggests that financial institutions should continue to allocate more funds to the private sector in the form of credit in order to stimulate more growth prospects in the economy. In addition, interest rates paid to depositors should be improved to attract more deposits; while simultaneously cutting back the rate charged on business loans and advances in order to encourage investors to borrow funds and invest in profitable ventures that will quicken growth.

Medicines development and regulation in Africa

Africa is one of the world’s fastest-growing economic regions, with a rise in its pharmaceutical industry value from $4.7 billion in 2003 to $20.8 billion in 2013. Multinational pharmaceutical companies are becoming more active in drug production and clinical trials across Africa, and there is an increase in the number of local companies engaged in medicines development and marketing. Such expansion of the local pharmaceutical industry requires trained pharmaceutical specialists to support it. The current situation and future requirements for local medicines development, regulation, education and training needs are discussed.

Central America's deindustrialization

This paper analyses industrial trends in six Central American economies by assembling and harmonizing sectoral data from multiple sources. Industrial employment share has declined by an average of 2.5 percentage points over the past two decades. Contrary to a trade-driven deindustrialization hypothesis, which suggests that cheaper imports have replaced domestic production of industrial goods, the findings indicate that this decline is primarily driven by an increase in barriers that restrict the efficient flow of labor across sectors. The paper argues that policy interventions that target these barriers could potentially lead to significant industrial expansion. However, the economic impact of such policies may be marginal, with aggregate output projected to increase by 3.2 percent or less upon eliminating these barriers. Moreover, this approach also carries risks, as it may introduce new distortions that could further hinder economic efficiency. Perhaps a more prudent growth strategy will be to concentrate on boosting productivity, which though challenging, directly affects the output.