Development Of Russian Industry Research Articles

Industry 5.0: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development of Russian Industry

Industry 5.0: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development of Russian Industry

Economic development of the Russian manufacturing industry under sanctions

The article presents a study to assess main indicators of efficiency of production process development in the manufacturing industry of the Russian Federation in recent years, related to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industrial production and on manufacturing in general. The purpose of the study is to examine the level of manufacturing industrial production development in the Russian Federation under the conditions of sanctions. To achieve this goal, international and domestic experience of manufacturing industry economic development has been studied, which in general terms characterizes the level of competencies required for manufacturing industries effective development. A comparative assessment of such approaches has been carried out. The study used the summary and grouping methods, tabular and graphical methods of information presentation, dynamics analysis methods. The information base of the study was microdata of sample surveys of the Federal State Statistics Service. The indicators have been presented in annual periodicity for 2016–2022 for Russia. As a result of studying economic development of manufacturing industry types, their pros and cons have been established. On the basis of statistical data and sample surveys for 2022, their systematization and evaluation have been carried out. The changes that occurred in main economic indicators characterizing the manufacturing industry sphere development have been studied. The study pays attention to the indicators characterizing industry development in Russia. The article concludes that in the future it will be necessary to continue the manufacturing industry transformation on an innovative basis.

INTRODUCTION OF INVESTMENT INSTRUMENTS AND MODELS USED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY ABROAD INTO RUSSIAN PRACTICE

Purpose of the study: analysis of current trends in the development of industrial policy in the USA and EU countries and its capabilities to confront the modern challenges of the 21st century. The plans of the US government, EU countries, as well as government initiatives to create financial, infrastructural, social and legal conditions and tools for the development of industry and ensuring its competitive advantages in the global market are analyzed. The prerequisites for the emergence of industrial policy and its achievements are analyzed for the development of the future economy of Western countries based on modern technologies and innovations, encouraging targeted investments in industry and infrastructure, motivating companies to switch to renewable energy sources, developing new skills and competencies of workers, as well as based on the transition to new, advanced value creation segments. Based on the results of the study, proposals were formulated for the use of investment instruments and models used in the implementation of industrial policy in Western countries in Russian practice in the development of investment models aimed at increasing the effectiveness of government support measures for the locomotive industries of Russian industrial development.

Financial Policy of Government support for semiconductors Industry Globally and in Russia under sanctions

The relevance of this study is determined by the need to develop the domestic semiconductors industry in Russia, taking into account the negative effects both internal and external.The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis of the positive impact of the methods used by the state of financial support of domestic companies to acquire advanced technologies in a specific area in the context of a lack of funding and the significant lag of the national semiconductor industry in the world’s leading countries.The target of this study is the analysis of possible tools of state support, including subsidies and grants, and methods of their application for the creation of competitive industry of domestic semiconductor production.The key methods used in this study include the collection and processing of statistical data, their comparative analysis, as well as the elaboration of the regulatory framework on tax regulation in this sector of the economy.The main methods applied in this study are data collection and processing, comparative analysis, and the development of a regulatory framework for tax regulation in this sector of the economy. The authors analyzed the semiconductors industry in the world, including the production of microprocessors and other semiconductor components. The situation in countries such as China, USA, Japan, Europe, Taiwan, India and Russia is discussed in more detail. The main problems with semiconductor industry development in Russia have been revealed. Additionally, researchers have evaluated and outlined fields of federal budget spendings in the industry in the period of years 2022 and 2025.The scientific novelty of this paper is to identify the relationship between the measures of state tax incentives provided to the radio-electronic industry and macroeconomic indicators. Based on that authors have developed evaluation criteria of the relevance and efficiency of fiscal preferences for the analyzed industry which is considered as the result of research.It concluded that the state’s initiatives to promote the radio-electronics industry might provide Russia a chance to catch up to the world’s leading countries in this industry.

National Economic Security and State Policy of Industry Development

The current conditions of the socio-economic development of Russia are characterized by a series of macroeconomic shocks that have generated turbulence and instability of the national economy. The consequence of this is the formation of new threats and the weakening of the economic security of the country. The changed situation requires new state policy measures to ensure the sustainability of the national economy and achieve national economic security. The authors postulate the idea that an effective measure of this kind of policy is to stimulate the rapid development of industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of sanctions on national economic security and substantiate recommendations for improving state regulation of industrial development in modern and future conditions. Research methods: comparative, retrospective, structural and economic-statistical analysis, situational modeling and institutional design. The article examines changes in Russian industry, considering the priority of ensuring national economic security, as a result of which its sluggish structural and quantitative dynamics are revealed. In this regard, the need to intensify the state industrial policy and give it an active character is shown. It is recommended to strengthen planned regulators in the economy and create planned mechanisms for managing the development of Russian industry.

Identification of Russian Clusters Based on the Synthesis of Functional and Spatial Approaches

Introduction. The study continues the approbation of the methodology of cluster identification, developed earlier by the authors and the study of regional industry specialization, within the framework of which the database “Clusters of Russian Regions” was developed. The relevance of the topic is the necessity of the methodology for complex clustering of regions in order to provide further recommendations for the development of industrial sectors. The purpose of the article is to develop and test the methodology for identifying clusters on the territory of Russia based on the synthesis of functional and spatial approaches. Materials and Methods. The analysis of intersectoral relations within the framework of the functional approach consisted in the application of the maximum method, which allows to trace the chain of consumption relative to the main suppliers and main consumers between industries based on the Russian “Input – Output” table of 2016. The spatial approach was implemented by calculating location quotients, determining z-scores, correlation coefficients analysis between clusters’ location quotients to establish regional and interregional links. Results. The results of the article have tested the methods proposed by the authors for the clustering process of regions. The results obtained after applying the methods revealed the localization of the cluster “Chemical Products” in the territories of certain regions of the Russian Federation and its existing significant functional and spatial relationship with the clusters: “Construction”, “Production Equipment” and others. Moreover, it has been determined that the chemical industry has different types of connections: both the functional connection (with the “Metallurgy” cluster) and the presence of spatial communication: interregional (“Construction”), regional (“Production equipment” and others). Therefore, it has been proved that an integrated approach is necessary to identify industrial clusters. Discussion and Conclusion. Considerations of previous studies on regional clustering and our obtained results on the cluster “Chemical products” have confirmed the need to use the complex methodology of regional clustering, which includes the synthesis of functional and spatial approaches, since both approaches separately have their limitations: functional connection does not mean the existence of spatial (analysis of clusters “Chemical products” and “Metallurgy” interconnection) and vice versa. This result will help to comprehensively solve the problem of the chemical industry development in Russia, due to the understanding of the competent placement of enterprises and taking into account the relationship with enterprises of various industries. The materials of the article can be useful both for scientists dealing with the problems of regional economic development, and for governmental bodies whose goals include making managerial decisions in the field of industrial development.

Analysis of the Russian industry development in the context of import substitution

The effective development of Russian industry plays a leading role in the country’s economy. The article is devoted to the study of the effective development of the Russian industry at a difficult stage of countering sanctions and the conditions of import substitution. The author explores the development of Russian industrial production in the regions in modern realities and the prospects for its development in the context of import substitution. The introduction presents a scientific literature overview of the research economists studying the problem of industrial production, and formulates the goals and objectives of the work. The purpose of the article is to assess the state of the Russian industry in the difficult conditions of re-equipment and reconfiguration of production processes for import substitution. The dynamics of indices characterizing industrial production in various areas is considered. The factors that have a positive and negative impact on the effective development of Russian industry in recent years have been identified. Based on the conducted research, a general conclusion is formulated that it is expedient for the country to support industrial production for its effective development.

ОБРАБАТЫВАЮЩАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ КАК ЛОКОМОТИВ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

The article examines the impact of the sanctions regime of Western countries against Russia, highlighting the most influential sanctions measures. The role of the manufacturing industry in ensuring economic growth in Russia is noted. An analysis of problematic economic indicators characterizing fixed assets in Russia, and in the manufacturing industry, was carried out. Attention is paid to the main trends in the development of the manufacturing industry. In conclusion, many measures are proposed to ensure the sustainable development of Russian industry in the medium and long term.

ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF TAXATION TOOLS

The ESG-agenda is becoming more significant, the authorities and large corporations are paying more attention to the greening of business. The issue of decarbonization of the economy has become acute at the international level after the entry into force of the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016. The purpose of the work: to study the proposed initiatives to achieve carbon neutrality and to study the impact of carbon regulation mechanisms on the development of industry in Russia, in accordance with it, the following tasks are formed: to describe the mechanism of cross-border carbon regulation (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, CBAM), to give an economic assessment of the impact of industrial sectors in Russia, as well as to consider domestic initiatives to create carbon regulation.

Sustainable development of Russian industry in the context of a macroeconomic shock and new industrial policy

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the sustainable development of Russian industry in the context of a macroeconomic shock.Tasks. The authors describe the manifestations and causes of the 2022 macroeconomic shock; assess the impact of the macroeconomic shock on the current level of industrial production in Russia; develop recommendations to ensure the sustainable development of domestic industry based on the implementation of a new industrial policy.Methods. This study uses the methods of comparative and retrospective analysis, generalization, scenario and situational forecasting, and expert assessment.Results. The turbulence of economic processes both in Russia and globally has increased dramatically since the end of February 2022. This gave rise to a situation that can be described as a macroeconomic shock, i.e. a significant and transient change in one or more macroeconomic parameters, disturbing the economy's equilibrium and causing a transition to a new quasi-equilibrium state. At the first stage, the macroeconomic shock caused a decline in industrial output. At the second stage, the decline was genereally stopped, but industrial restructuring was initiated, negatively affecting critical and technologically complex production. The analysis of available data clearly indicates a correlation between the magnitude of production decline in certain industrial sectors and the level of their import dependence. At the same time, the potential of traditional import substitution has largely been exhausted. Therefore, the authors propose a model of a new industrial policy for implementation. Its essence is that the state should organize the production of competitive industrial products rather than ensure it. This is a radical paradigm shift. The expressed conceptual idea will require further in-depth study in case it is adopted. The authors believe that this will happen shortly, and the scientific community will join the constructive discussion and elaboration of the ideas presented in the article.Conclusions. The modern Russian economy in general and industry in particular is developing in the context of a macroeconomic shock caused by the sanctions of the collective West. The production decline caused by the shock is gradually diminishing. However, there is a negative industrial restructuring caused by high import dependence of some industries. To remedy the situation, the idea of a new industrial policy based on a more active role of the state in the economy is proposed.

Integration of innovation development and implementation processes in defence industry according to a demand — supply format

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and implementation processes of defence innovation in a demand – supply format. The main research methods are the dialectical and systematic approach, the method of formalisation and modelling, logical-functional and logical-structural analysis. The result of the study is the design of a lifecycle matrix for the development and implementation phases of defence innovation that visualises the objectives, functions, indicators, key deliverables by phase and stage of the innovation lifecycle. The matrix is intended for managers as a tool to help formulate the functions of the participants in the innovation process and to monitor and analyse problem areas in the innovation system. A business model of the innovation system of the defense complex in the demand – supply format is proposed, including elements that create supply and demand for innovative products, implement mediation mechanisms between participants that generate supply and demand. The results obtained are aimed at developing a methodology for organising and managing the development and implementation of innovations in the defence industry and can be used by authorities in the innovation policy formation, in developing and improving the programmes for the defence industry development in Russia.

State Assessment of the Russian Dairy Industry During the Coronavirus Pandemic

The article concerns the dairy industry development analysis in Russia during the coronavirus pandemic. The researchers revealed the main problems of dairy products processing, as well as import and export; determined the development prerequisites of a strategic program for the dairy industry development in Russia. The study object was statistical data on the Russian dairy industry state, household incomes, consumer prices dynamics for food products, dairy products import and export before and during the coronavirus pandemic. A man studied the dairy industry state in Russia on the statistical analysis, monographic and abstract-logical methods basis. The article considers the following criteria: the demand dependence on the inflation and wages paid level, the citizens social support impact on the dairy products consumption, an increase in the price growth rate. The agricultural economy deterioration under the coronavirus pandemic influence led to an increase in the dairy raw materials cost and a slowdown in the raw materials sector development. The global prices improvement and low solvency of the population caused the decrease in import volumes. Government support had a great impact on the dairy industry, while investment activity in the industry has slowed down in recent years. The current economic development conditions indicate the need to establish a program for the dairy industry development in Russia. The authors revealed that there is a trend towards a decrease in the economic availability of food. The cost of all basic items of the operating milk production cost increased, resulting in the development slowdown of the raw materials and processing sectors and causing a negative impact on dairy cattle breeding. With a constant increase in the production cost, the milk processing sector income decreases. Export remains a reserve and strategic channel for the dairy products sale. The researchers concluded that there were many prerequisites for the new program establishment for the dairy industry development of Russia.

Resource support of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises for space industry development in Russia

This study deals with the features of using the potential of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) for the development of the space industry in Russia. The task of increasing the adaptive properties of the Russian space industry, its ability to internal change and greater openness, is particularly crucial in the context of new challenges. This study emphasizes the special importance of private investment for the Russian space industry development and commercialization of space activities in connection with its enormous economic potential. Large scientific enterprises prevail in the Russian market, they have complex innovation management system and are often oriented towards large projects. Due to this reason, the number of innovations in these structures is not as great as in small and medium-sized enterprises. We analyzed the activities of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises in Russia and concluded that these enterprises are almost not involved in the space industry. However, the possibilities of innovative SMEs in the space industry are great, since such enterprises can create projects in the field of communications, data transmission, digital solutions for data processing, the creation of on-board systems, technical solutions for the “Moon Village” creation and others. We consider the barriers that prevent such enterprises from entering the space industry, for example, such as the need for licensing, the high cost and long-term return of startups, etc. One of the main problems for small and medium-sized innovative enterprises in the space industry in Russia is the lack of material and resource support for the creation and implementation of their innovative projects. This study included conducting research of different possibilities of the resource support tools for innovative SMEs in the space industry, which are divided into three mechanisms: direct public support, non-government funding, incentive programs for investors and small innovative enterprises. The study of the experiences of various countries in attracting private companies to the space industry provided a basis for formulating a set of proposals for improving the use of resource support tools for small and medium-sized innovative enterprises for the development of the space industry in Russia.

Оценка эффектов применения проектных инструментов промышленной политики в регионах

Introduction. This study is devoted to the analysis of industrial policy project instruments implemented by the Russian Industrial Development Fund, from the standpoint of assessing their impact on the systemic results of the industrial development of Russian regions. Theoretical analysis. The industrial sector of the economy has historically played a key role in the socio-economic development of Russia. Given the backbone role of industry in the country’s economy, the issues of state support for industrial development are traditionally the most important on the agenda of the state’s economic policy. Established in 2014, over the past period, the Fund has demonstrated the flexibility and adaptability of its programs to changing conditions, has provided its customers with convenient tools for concessional lending for technological modernization projects, and, in general, has become the most popular instrument of industrial policy. At the same time, the question of the strategic effectiveness of the Fund’s activities as a systemic institution of industrial policy, solving not only local tasks of supporting modernization projects and creating new industries, but also the tasks of industrial development and growth in general, remains open. Empirical analysis. Given that the problem of industrial development is ultimately localized at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in this study, based on the methods of regression analysis, an assessment has been made of the impact of the Fund’s activities on the development of the manufacturing sector in the regions of Russia. The work has assessed the impact of projects implemented within the framework of the Fund’s programs on the indicators of the production index and the volume of shipment of goods, services on their own in the manufacturing industry of the region by groups of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, depending on the level of the average annual cost of investment projects implemented with the participation of the Industrial Development Fund. Results. The analysis has showed that the Fund’s current tools have a positive effect on the systemic growth and development of industry only up to a certain level of intensity of their use in regions with an average and low level of industrial development. As for industrialized regions, the results obtained here from the standpoint of systemic effects of accelerated industrial development are not obvious.

Quantitative assessment of the factors determining the sustainable development of the gold industry

Subject. This article deals with the issues of optimal use of non-renewable natural resources and particularities of the development of gold mining enterprises in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to develop a methodology for quantifying the impact of key factors determining the sustainable development of gold mining enterprises. Methods. For the study, we used general scientific research methods. Results. The article presents an assessment of the importance of each particular factor of sustainable development of the gold industry. Conclusions. The cost of gold mining and production is the most important indicator reflecting the level of development of the gold industry in Russia.

Теоретические основы реализации концепции «Энергопереход 4.0» в сфере российской промышленности

One of the key directions of development of Russian industry under serious resource constraints is the systematic introduction of energy-saving measures and technologies. New opportunities for the implementation of this direction have arisen with the spread of digital technologies Industry 4.0. Application of these technologies to solve the problems of increasing energy efficiency of enterprises, along with other areas of energy saving, contributed to the formation of the concept of “Energy Transition 4.0”. The implementation of this concept can not only increase the energy efficiency of the enterprise, but also significantly reduce the environmental risks associated with its activities and ensure the integration of energy-saving technologies into the overall digital infrastructure of the enterprise.

Стратегические возможности библиотек в эпоху цифровизации и экономики впечатлений

Introduction. Modern libraries do their best to increase public access to relevant information and knowledge with the help of modern digital technologies. Libraries supported by national governments and international non-governmental organizations provide the development of all sectors of society. Therefore, new opportunities for libraries are an important strategic task both for the state and the libraries themselves. The current global practices of diversifying library activities proved quite effective as they meet the challenges of digitalization and experience economy. However, they should be implemented with respect to the national specifics of the domestic library system. Study objects and methods. The present research was based on the theory and methodology of strategizing developed by V.L. Kvint, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation. His scientific theses have been successfully implemented in a number of regional and sectoral strategies. According to the general methodology of strategizing, any search for new opportunities should be preceded by a detailed analysis of global, sectoral, and regional trends. Results and discussion. The present strategic analysis of trends and forecasts for the library industry development in Russia and worldwide revealed a number of unique opportunities, which allow libraries to fit into the life of modern society and endow them with such socially significant functions as education, enlightenment, and promotion of cultural and moral values among young readers. However, the window of opportunities is always short-lived: the libraries should seize the moment to ensure their systematic and progressive development, which is possible only through the development of an effective strategy. Conclusion. The article introduces unique strategic opportunities for the development of the library system in Russia. The authors analyzed the best practices applied by famous libraries in their search for new roles and the domestic library industry in order to determine the strategic directions for the library development in the era of digitalization and experience economy.

Development of a Methodology for Forecasting the Sustainable Development of Industry in Russia Based on the Tools of Factor and Discriminant Analysis

The problem of sustainable development is one of the central issues on the agenda of the global community. However, it is difficult to assess the pace and quality of sustainable development of individual economic systems—in particular, industry—due to the lack of a unified methodological approach. In this regard, the following research goal was formulated—to develop and test a methodology for forecasting sustainable development by using statistical tools. The achievement of the goal was facilitated by the application of formalization methods, factor analysis, discriminant analysis, the method of weighted sum of the criteria, and the method of comparison. The results of the study are new scientific and practical solutions that develop the ability to diagnose economic systems for the transition to environmentally friendly production. Firstly, methodological solutions are proposed to assess the nature of the transition of industry to sustainable development (low, medium, or high rate). The methodology is based on the proposed aggregated indicator of sustainable industrial development based on the results of factor analysis (by the method of principal components). As a result, the patterns of sustainable development of the extractive and manufacturing sectors of the Russian economy are revealed. Secondly, integral indicators of economic, environmental and social factors of sustainable development are calculated, and classification functions for each type of industrial transition to sustainable development (low, medium, or high) are formed through discriminant analysis. Scenarios of industrial development are developed, taking into account the multidirectional trajectories of the socioeconomic development of the country. Thirdly, the DFD model of the process of scenario forecasting of sustainable industrial development is formalized, reflecting the movement of data flows necessary for forecasting sustainable industrial development. It is revealed that the manufacturing industry is expected to maintain a low rate of transition to sustainable development. On the contrary, for the extractive industry, if efforts and resources are concentrated on environmental innovations, average transition rates are predicted. The uniqueness of the proposed approach lies in combining two types of multivariate statistical analysis and taking into account the indicators that characterize the contribution of industrial enterprises to sustainable development.

Reducing the Road Construction Anthropogenic Impact by Using Ash and Slag from Thermal Power Plans: Economist’s View

Industrial waste involvement in road construction projects is one of the most prospective areas for waste management industry development in Russia. The introduction and scaling up of this practice will simultaneously reduce the costs of both road construction and waste storage. In the article, the authors attempted to evaluate the economic potential of using industrial by-products (using the example of ash and slag waste) in the road construction industry as an embankment of a roadbed. As the result, it was revealed that the economic potential for utilizing ash and slag waste as a road embankment can be up to 7,9 million tons annually. At the same time, it will be economically feasible to involve ash and slag waste in road construction only if the ash dump is located at a distance of no more than 130–150 kilometer from the construction site. The study also discovers that depending on the ash dump and open pits with traditional resources location, the effect in reducing the building highways costs across the country can range from 104,70 million to 30 359,48 million rubles. The authors concluded that to reduce the anthropogenic impact of the road construction industry, the government should form a mechanism stimulating the use of industrial waste keeping technological capabilities and economic feasibility of the process. Based on foreign experience, the authors proposed to use the effective disposal radius mechanism, which preserves the principle of economic feasibility of using ash and slag waste in the road construction projects.

Sustainability Assessment of the Municipal Solid Waste Management in Russia Using the Decoupling Index

The annual growth of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generated and the exhaustion of existing landfills capacity have led to the processes of reforming the waste sector in Russia. But the question remains open: what is the optimal ratio between waste management practices for building a sustainable MSW management system? The purpose of this article is to evaluate the sustainability of the MSW management system in Russia according to various scenarios of its development using the decoupling index. Based on the strategic documents, authors constructed three scenarios for the MSW industry development in Russia until 2024: scenario 1 (basic), scenario 2 (MSW utilization via recycling), scenario 3 (MSW utilization via recycling and MSW incineration at WTE plants). After that, the decoupling index for all scenarios was calculated. In general, calculations of the decoupling index for 2022-2024 showed that for all scenarios (except for scenario 3 in 2022), the industry is moving into the zone of absolute sustainability. The greatest sustainability is achieved in scenario 2 – for this scenario the absolute value of the decoupling index is maximum in 2023 and 2024, thereby confirming the role of recycling in increasing the sustainability of the MSW management system. The results can be used by decision makers when reforming the MSW management system to choose the optimal ratio between the MSW management practices and the appropriate regulatory tools.