Industrial Base Research Articles

Application Research of a High Turbulence Numerical Simulation Technique in a USBR Type III Stilling Basin

In view of the energy dissipation design of the USBR Type III stilling basin, which is characterized by intense turbulent flow and complex flow patterns, a reliable mathematical model and calculation method is used to track and record the changes of flow parameters during fluid movement. The results of flow movement can be obtained, and the changes to the whole and local parameters of the flow field can be accurately simulated. Using the case of the discharge sluice stilling basin of the flood storage ecological treatment project of Jinchang Industrial Base in Gansu Province, this paper simulates the flow pattern through numerical calculation, thereby saving labor and material costs. The design cycle is also greatly shortened compared with the physical model test, and the technique has good repeatability, controllability, convenient optimization design, and provides technical support and quality assurance for complex energy dissipation problems.

Can an energy-consuming rights trading system control environmental inequality?

This article examined the influence of the energy-consuming rights trading system (ERS) on environmental inequality, discussed the influence mechanism through the lenses of industrial structure upgrading and green technology innovation, and analyzed the possible spatial spillover effect of ERS with panel data at the provincial level in China from 2003 to 2021. The results indicate that ERS can significantly control provincial environmental inequality by advancing industrial upgrades and fostering green technology innovation. The controlling effect of ERS on environmental inequality is more obvious in regions with more serious environmental inequality, and the controlling effect on the old industrial base is also greater than on the non-old industrial base. Additionally, ERS has helped control environmental inequality in surrounding provinces. In light of the research findings, a series of policy recommendations have been put forth with the aim of further developing and enhancing China's energy-consuming trading market. Overall, this article presents new empirical evidence of the interplay between the energy consumption trading market and environmental inequality. In addition, it offers new approaches and references for policymakers to improve the energy-consuming trading market and the environmental inequalities.

Practical considerations in the establishment of psychedelic research programs.

There is increasing interest in establishing psychedelic research programs at academic medical centers. However, psychedelics are intensely psychoactive, carry considerable sociopolitical baggage, and most are Schedule I drugs, creating significant potential impediments to implementation. There is little formal guidance for investigators on navigating the complex on-the-ground obstacles associated with establishing psychedelic research programs. This article provides recommendations that may be helpful to investigators seeking to work with psychedelics, with a focus on academic medical centers in the United States. The academic literature on relevant matters is reviewed, and the authors provide observations from their experiences either working for relevant regulatory agencies or conducting basic science studies, investigator-initiated trials, or industry sponsored trials with psychedelics. Investigators planning to conduct psychedelic research should cultivate broad institutional support early. Challenges related to securing funding, obtaining approval for an Investigational New Drug application from the Food and Drug Administration, clinical grade drug sourcing, obtaining a Schedule I researcher registration from the Drug Enforcement Administration and an equivalent state license (if required), preparing spaces for treatment and study drug storage, managing controlled substance inventory, engaging the local community, and other issues should be anticipated. Investigators should anticipate several implementation challenges when planning to work with psychedelics. However, these are likely surmountable with planning, persistence, and assistance from colleagues and other experts.

Moderate of financial flexibility and research and development investment: corporate social responsibility disclosure on firm value

This study aims to examine and explain the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on firm value and the role of financial flexibility and Research and Development Investment in moderating the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on firm value. This study uses a quantitative approach, namely numerical analysis with an associative design because it examines the relationship between more than two variables. The population of this study are basic and chemical industry sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018-2023 period. The method of determining the sample using purposive sampling, so that 198 total observations were obtained. The data collection method uses observation with secondary data sources from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange and and from sustainability reporting publications through the site www.globalreporting.org. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS) based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the analysis prove that CSR Disclosure has a positive effect on firm value, financial flexibility is able to moderate by strengthening the effect of CSR Disclosure on firm value, and Research And Development Investment is able to moderate by strengthening the effect of CSR Disclosure on firm value.

Research on the Strategies for Choosing Employment and Entrepreneurship among Graduates Majoring in Advertising Design (Staying in the Province)

As the old industrial base of Northeast China, the three northeastern provinces have created brilliance in the development of the national economy. Jilin Province plays a decisive role in the hinterland of the three provinces. The current economy is declining compared to before, and population loss has caused great uncertainty for the local economy. The employment and entrepreneurship of advertising design graduates in the province can directly reflect the impact of local economy, policies, enterprises, talents and other aspects. Studying the employment and entrepreneurship strategies major in the province will play a role in attracting talents, investment and economic development.

Financing high-cost measures for deep emission cuts in the basic materials industry – Proposal for a value chain transition fund

There are currently insufficient policy incentives for most producers of basic materials across Europe to invest in low-emissions technologies. This paper explores a novel approach to financing the investments required to accelerate the transition towards zero-emissions practices. To engage non-state actors in this process, and to formalise cross-sectorial collaboration, we explore the establishment of a Value Chain Transition Fund (VCTF). We use the European cement and steel industries as case studies. The VCTF, funded through a premium imposed on basic materials incorporated into end-products, would be used to finance investments in transformative technologies needed to meet emissions cuts along CO2-intensive supply chains, such as carbon capture on cement and steel plants and hydrogen direct reduction steel production. Our results show that the VCTF ensures that overnight investments and operational expenditures needed for carbon capture in the European cement and steel industries can be recouped in 6–8 and 2–6 years respectively, and for steel produced with hydrogen direct reduction it can be recouped in 3–16 years. The VCTF results in an increase in consumer prices of 0.2%–1.1% in the case of a passenger electric vehicle, and an increase of 0.3%–0.6% in production costs in the case of a high-speed railway, as examples of representative end products.

Challenges and Performance of Filter Dusts as a Supplementary Cementitious Material.

Global industry relies on a linear approach for economic growth. One step towards transformation is the implementation of a circular economy and the reclamation of anthropogenic deposits. This study examines two filter dusts, one German and one Argentinian, from the production of calcined clays, representing such deposits. Investigations and comparisons of untreated and calcined filter dust and the industrial base product pave the way for using waste product filter dust as supplementary cementitious material (SCM). In the future, some twenty thousand tons of contemporary waste could potentially be used annually as SCM. The results confirm the suitability of one material as a full-fledged SCM without further treatment and a measured pozzolanic reactivity on par with fly ash. Sample materials were classified into two groups: one was found to be a reactive pozzolanic material; the other was characterized as filler material with minor pozzolanic reactivity. Additionally, important insights into the physical properties of oven dust and heat-treated oven dust were obtained. For both material groups, an inversely proportional relationship with rising calcination temperatures was found for the specific surface area and water demand. The impact of the calcination temperature on both the particle size distribution and the potential to optimize the reactivity performance is presented.

History of economic and demographic development of the Chinese northeastern province of Liaoning (1954–1978)

Importance. Studying the Chinese province of Liaoning’s economic and demographic development history allows us to trace the origin of current problems related to the migration of the Chinese population to the eastern and south-eastern provinces and the decline in the birth rate throughout China. The economic and demographic development of Liaoning Province after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 until the start of the “reform and opening up” policy in 1978, was characterized by the processes of economic development and the formation of industrial infrastructure. The research aims to examine the history of the economic and demographic development of Liaoning Province in the context of the formation and functioning of northeast China's industrial base from 1954 to 1978.Materials and Methods. The study uses materials from the population censuses of the People’s Republic of China for 1953, 1964; five-year plans (1953–1957, 1958–1962, 1966–1970, 1971–1975, 1976–1980); statistical collection on the industrial development of Chinese provinces from 1949 to 1989; statistical collections of Liaoning Province. The main research methods in preparing the study were historical-genetic and statistical.Results and Discussion. In the process of reviewing the history of economic and demographic development of Liaoning Province from 1954 to 1978. several stages are identified: 1. 1953–1957 – economic and demographic development of Liaoning province during the implementation of the first five-year plan; 2. 1958–1966 – development in difficult conditions of industrial transformations; 3. 1966–1978 – development during the years of the “Cultural Revolution” and the transition to the policy of “reform and opening up”.Conclusion. The formation of Liaoning as an important industrial base of China from 1953 to 1957. had an impact on strengthening the economic potential of the province and the growth of its population due to the migration influx of young qualified personnel from all over China to Liaoning. The unprecedented growth of steel enterprises, as well as three years of natural disasters (1959, 1960, 1961) were reflected in a decline in the birth rate and a decrease in the natural increase in the population of Liaoning Province in 1958–1966. During the Cultural Revolution, the development of Liaoning was accompanied by a decrease in the share of the metallurgical industry and an increase in mechanical engineering. The pace of technological industrial renewal slows down, and the number of skilled workers arriving in Liaoning declined. These processes and the introduction of family planning policies in China were reflected in a decrease in the birth rate and natural population growth in the province.

The Effect of Profitability and Leverage on Income Smoothing Moderated By Audit Quality (Case Study of Manufacturing Companies In Basic and Chemical Industry Sectors 2019-2022)

This study uses a quantitative method in the form of associative. The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the basic industry and chemical sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2019-2022. The research period used is 4 years of observation, namely from 2019-2022. The sample was determined using the purposive sampling technique. Hypothesis testing in this study uses logistic regression. The results showed that profitability had no significant effect on income smoothing and leverage had a positive and significant effect on income smoothing. The results also show that audit quality is able to weaken the influence of profitability on income smoothing, and audit quality can weaken the influence of leverage on income smoothing. This result gives the implication that the higher the leverage, the higher the income smoothing carried out by the company. These results provide information that the high practice of profit equalization due to high profitability and high leverage will be further reduced if the company has a high audit quality.

THE FUTURE WAR AND THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC: AN ANALYSIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAZILIAN DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE

This work aims to analyze the Future War, focusing on a scenario extending to 2039, and Brazil's interstate relations, with emphasis on the strategic environment of the South Atlantic, while observing classical geopolitical studies. Considering that the stability of the South Atlantic fundamentally depends on processes occurring on the western coast of Africa, this explains why Brazil's strategic environment extends to the other side of the Atlantic. This perspective also clarifies why Brazil contributes to the development of the African countries bordering the Atlantic Ocean. The study further extends its analysis to the Rio Grande Elevation Project. The entire context will serve as a foundation to examine the impacts on the development of the Brazilian Defense Industrial Base (BID). To carry out the research, the methodological approach is mixed: a qualitative perspective based on existing academic literature and field research, along with a quantitative structure, measuring data related to the BID and assessing the impacts of interstate relations on it. The direct result intended by this study is to produce new knowledge (scientific, doctrinal, and technological) in the field of defense through high-quality research, contributing to state policy. Indirectly, it aims to generate insights into Defense Studies and improve the decision-making process associated with the use of force, particularly as it relates to the BID.

TRADITIONAL AND NON-TRADITIONAL DECORATIVE COATINGS OF JEWELLERY AND COSTUME JEWELLERY

A wide range of protective and decorative coatings and materials used in the manufacture of jewellery and costume jewellery is considered. It is shown that the use of certain coatings and technologies of their application or formation is determined by the materials used. The classification and scheme of using decorative coatings on the surface of the main groups of materials used in the manufacture of jewellery and costume jewellery is proposed. The coatings are divided into two main groups – traditional and non-traditional. Traditional coatings include coatings, the technology of formation and decorative properties of which have recently undergone significant modernisation. The non-traditional ones include relatively new decorative coatings, which have become widely used in the manufacture of jewellery and costume jewellery in recent decades. It is noted that the development of material science and technological base of jewellery industry leads to the emergence of new interesting coatings, which allows to significantly diversify the possi-bilities of jewellery creators.

Laissez-Faire or Sensitive Policymaking: The Legacy of Creative Clusters on Brownfield Sites in Berlin

With his saying “Berlin—poor, but sexy!,” former Governing Mayor Klaus Wowereit framed the motto for a decade of transition in which the German capital became a Mecca for artists, media industries, and creative people from all over the world. Building on a longstanding tradition of tolerating diversity and as a centre of high culture and bohemians, the city developed a new cultural-political identity from a deep transformation crisis after German unification and the extensive loss of its industrial base. In conjunction with a blossoming of temporary uses in a wide variety of vacant properties, often abandoned production, infrastructure, or storage areas, an intense creative scene unfolded. Since the 2010s, this scene has been massively threatened by displacement due to the changed real estate market situation. Over the years, the city has tried to counteract this situation through cultural policy initiatives and niche projects for bottom-up initiatives, with limited success. Against the backdrop of accelerated development of former brownfield sites and funding cuts in urban cultural policy, the question currently arises as to what place subculture can occupy in urban policy in the future. Based on official documents, books, scholarly articles, project websites, newspaper articles, and own observations, this article attempts to evaluate the respective policies in the city over time, to place them in the context of approaches to a more land-security-oriented policy, and to make clear what role the re-used spaces and buildings from the industrial age play in this.

Whole-of-Nation Innovation

China wants to become a science, technology, and manufacturing superpower by upgrading and modernizing its industrial base and concentrating the nation’s innovation resources around strategic priorities. However, it is difficult for the state to integrate innovation resources because of the gap separating universities and research organizations from industry, which impedes the translation of scientific output into technological prowess. By contrast, Beijing has been much more successful at directing industrial development. As a result, achieving a modernized industrial base is now the dominant framework for Chinese policymakers as they pursue technological self-reliance.

Study of the Importance of Irrigation Projects to Agricultural Water Resources Using the Baiqi Canal as an Example

In the global economic system, the stable development of agriculture as a basic industry is inseparable from the rational utilization of water resources. Irrigation projects play a vital role in ensuring agricultural water use, increasing grain output and promoting agricultural sustainable development. This study aims to explore the scientific experience of Baiqi Canal, an excellent irrigation project in ancient China, and its profound value as a world irrigation project heritage, analyze the importance of irrigation projects to agricultural water resources, and promote the protection and sustainable utilization of irrigation project heritage. Firstly, the irrigation mode of Baiqi Canal and its important role in agricultural development were introduced, and then its influence on local agricultural water resources and ecological environment was analyzed. Finally, the positive influence of international irrigation projects on agricultural water resources was further discussed, and its key role in ensuring food security and promoting agricultural sustainable development was emphasized.

Electrification or Hydrogen? The Challenge of Decarbonizing Industrial (High-Temperature) Process Heat

The decarbonization of industrial process heat is one of the bigger challenges of the global energy transition. Process heating accounts for about 20% of final energy demand in Germany, and the situation is similar in other industrialized nations around the globe. Process heating is indispensable in the manufacturing processes of products and materials encountered every day, ranging from food, beverages, paper and textiles, to metals, ceramics, glass and cement. At the same time, process heating is also responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions, as it is heavily dependent on fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal. Thus, process heating needs to be decarbonized. This review article explores the challenges of decarbonizing industrial process heat and then discusses two of the most promising options, the use of electric heating technologies and the substitution of fossil fuels with low-carbon hydrogen, in more detail. Both energy carriers have their specific benefits and drawbacks that have to be considered in the context of industrial decarbonization, but also in terms of necessary energy infrastructures. The focus is on high-temperature process heat (>400 °C) in energy-intensive basic materials industries, with examples from the metal and glass industries. Given the heterogeneity of industrial process heating, both electricity and hydrogen will likely be the most prominent energy carriers for decarbonized high-temperature process heat, each with their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Manufacturing production as a source of growth: the case of Portugal

The aim of this paper is to test the relationship between manufacturing production and economic growth in Portugal from the 1950s to the present day, following Nicholas Kaldor’s (1908–1986) thinking, which assumes that manufacturing is the true engine of the economic activity of a country. By estimating a series of econometric models, including a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, it was possible to identify a positive relationship between growth and manufacturing production since the 1950s. The results also show that each increase of 1 percentage point (pp) in real growth rate of the production of basic metallurgical industries and manufacture of metallic products in a certain year t−1 for the period 1956–2019, caused an increase of 0.07 pp in the Portuguese economic growth during a following year t on average. We hope that these findings will stimulate new and interesting research regarding the important issues of manufacturing production and economic growth.

Industrialization, decarbonization, and sustainability: The role of development finance and implications for inequality

ABSTRACT Post-apartheid, the South African economy remains characterised by persistent unemployment and world-leading inequality. Transitioning towards more equal and inclusive economic outcomes is hampered by an industrial base concentrated in powerful firms in upstream resource-based carbon-intensive sectors. Pursuing industrialisation in the context of the push towards decarbonisation and sustainability by significant trading partners depends on a massive investment programme in renewable energy and specific high-emitting sectors and developing linkages between sectors to target a just, equitable, and inclusive transition that tackles the country’s deep-rooted inequalities. This paper evaluates South Africa’s main development finance institution, the Industrial Development Corporation’s role in green industrialisation in South Africa. It investigates whether the investments made and the orientation of the IDC positively impacts the structural transformation of the economy, using disclosed and publicly available data. It suggests a set of criteria with which the IDC can assess the transformational impacts of its climate change funding.

Theoretical Thinking on the Development of New Quality Productive Forces According to Local Conditions in Heilongjiang Province

The new quality productive forces reflects the systematic remodeling and revolutionary transition of the old productive forces, which is the quality of productivity in line with the requirements of high-quality development. The formation of new quality productive forces can effectively energize the revitalization and development of Heilongjiang Province. From the perspective of the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China, opportunities, advantages and challenges coexist in the development of new quality productive forces in Heilongjiang Province. Based on the current situation, the practical path for the development of new quality productive forces according to local conditions in Heilongjiang Province is proposed: Cultivate innovative thinking leading the development of new quality productivity, form the industrial base for the development and growth of new quality productivity, shape the innovation economic system for the development of new quality productivity, and build innovation clusters of new quality productivity.

Reducing Carbon emissions through pipelines? Evidence from the West-East Gas Pipeline Project

ABSTRACT Transregional energy transmission can help balance resource allocation and serve long-term regional interests. The West–East Gas Pipeline Project (WEGPP), which is the longest natural gas pipeline in China, aims to address the serious imbalance between natural gas supply and demand in China’s eastern and western regions. Few studies have considered WEGPP’s effect on carbon emissions in terms of energy transmission. Using data for prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2019, we consider WEGPP as a quasi-natural experiment and adopt a staggered difference-in-differences model to investigate the causal effect of energy transmission on carbon emissions. We find that WEGPP can reduce carbon emissions; various robustness tests confirm the reliability of the results. However, the emission-reduction effect is heterogeneous owing to factors such as operation batch, location, administrative level, population size, resource endowment, industrial level, and whether a city belongs to an old industrial base. We also reveal three important channels for WEGPP’s emission-reduction effect: environmental concern of the government, industrial agglomeration, and green technological innovation. This study provides a reference for assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of energy transmission in the context of emission reduction.

Capitalization and the production of value at the nexus of academia and industry: the case of a microbiome startup

This article analyses valuation practices, focusing on the way health data constitute different kinds of assets for different actors within an industry-academia partnership in the field of microbiome research. It examines emerging bioeconomic dynamics within data-driven computational biology, contributing to debates about the sociopolitical implications of multiple and synergic valuation practices in personalized medicine for future public health. Through the ethnographic exploration of a personalized nutrition startup active in Europe and the US and a metagenomics research lab based in Italy, we explore the dynamics around the intersection of knowledge production with scientific, economic, and health value. In contrast to traditional commodity and rent-based structures, we expose a hybrid model of bioeconomic enterprise that challenges rigid distinctions between commodification and asset-based rentiership, highlighting synergic business models where multiple registers of the value of worth are played out, translated, and combined. The study unveils a nuanced relationship between data, research, and economic drivers, where scientists perceive they can pursue research independently from market pressures. Beyond these perceptions and narratives, we highlight the economic dynamics that suture basic research and industry in their promotion of health governance that causes social justice concerns by restricting access to high income and hegemonic types of clients/patients. We clarify that epistemic aspects cannot be disentangled from sociopolitical aspects, especially in the digital age, and that where governments implement and enhance digital health solutions, they also need to plan for consistent social (re)adjustments.