Industrial Water Use Research Articles

Collaborative optimal allocation of water resources and sewage discharge rights in watershed cities: considering equity among water sectors.

Water supply systems in watershed cities face challenges due to increasing water demand and arbitrary sewage discharge allocations. Previous studies have primarily focused on water resource allocation and sewage discharge rights, neglecting the intricate interactions between the two. This study introduces a novel approach by integrating sewage discharge rights into the watershed's water resource allocation mechanism. A multi-objective optimization model was developed, employing the Gini coefficient to balance the equitable and economic aspects across various water sectors. This model takes into account the distinct water demands and sewage discharge requirements of different sectors. The findings of this study are as follows: (a) the Gini coefficients for water demand allocation and sewage discharge rights allocation exhibit simultaneous optimization and display consistent trends; (b) when the importance of sewage discharge relative to other water users increases, the return on investment for domestic and industrial water use decreases, but the fairness of water distribution improves; (c) proper allocation of sewage discharge rights can effectively enhance the economic value of agricultural water use. Overall, this strategy has the potential to enhance both the equality and economic benefits of the water supply system while ensuring the sustainable utilization of water and sewage rights in the basin cities.

The Methodology of Research Work Execution in the Laboratory of «Biotechnologies» For Measuring The Hardness inIndustrial Water Samples

In this paper, the hardness indicators values in industrial water samples were studied in accordance with the methodology RD 34.37.523.8-88 and the kinetics of the cationite filter was considered. Based on the method, the total hardness of technical water was determined. Hardness is determined by means of magnesium and calcium ions properties to combine into ethylene amine tetraacetate complexes. Also, the principle of cationite filter operation at different stages of the 2-stage scheme of the sodium-cationized method of chemical raw water treatment obtained by water intake from the river for subsequent use in industrial enterprises in production cycles and thermal power plants for generating thermal and electric energy was considered. Physical and chemical processes occurring in cation exchange filters during the preparation of raw water for industrial use at different stages of the 2-stage scheme of the sodium-cationized method of chemical water treatment, as well as methods for restoring the characteristics of the filter loading to the original characteristics after the cleaning process, were considered. Water quality control necessary for functioning when used in industrial enterprises and thermal power plants was considered. The course of experimental studies, the applied methods for determining the water hardness and the methods of analysis of the experiment obtained results the were described. On the basis of exploratory experiments, the indicators of hardness in the analyzed industrial waters and the intervals of their variation were established. As a result of experimental studies, an algorithm for performing hardness measurements in water samples in the form of a tree structure was developed, as well as a decomposition algorithm, a sequence of actions on the object of experimental data analysis. Decomposition is carried out with the help of a conceptional model, through which the experimental cycle of research was studied.

Agricultural Water Footprint Studies for Sustainable Agricultural Water Management -A Review

Water footprint is defined as the amount of water consumed in production of any agricultural or industrial produce. It accounts the water consumed directly and indirectly for producing any industrial and agricultural product. Water footprint analysis helps in planning of the optimum utilization of water in any sector which subsequently leads to sustainable management of water resources. This review paper provides a review on the Water Footprint estimation methodology its merit and shortcomings, practical challenges with available data and resources for Indian context and worldwide. With increasing population and industrialization, availability of water and its judicious distribution is becoming challenging for the policy makers and strategist. Water foot print mapping of major crops will be helpful for development of new varieties which will be having higher yield with less water consumption. Traditional water consumption statistics, policies and awareness drives focuses on reducing water wastage and improving water use efficiency in domestic and industrial water use. Water footprint studies for various regions of India find that climate change and agricultural practices has significantly reduced the water consumption.

Determination of corporate water consumption: Evidence from precipitation risks in China

We study the causal impact of precipitation risks on corporate water consumption decisions by combining daily precipitation data in mainland China with industrial firm water use data from 1998 to 2013. Using a large sample yielding precise estimates, we find that precipitation shocks significantly impact a firm's water usage, in which the higher the risk of precipitation, the less water is used by firms. Furthermore, we find that this water-saving effect is largely driven by potential extreme drought. We also use city-level data to demonstrate that precipitation is an important driver of corporate water-saving measures. The water-saving effects of precipitation uncertainty and extreme precipitation have particularity in areas that are more sensitive to precipitation and high-water-consumption industrial enterprises. Finally, the results reveal that firms mainly realize the water-saving effect of precipitation risk through technological improvement, reduction of wastewater discharge, and abbreviation of investment and production scale.

Water use pricing and financing of water infrastructure systems in South Africa

This paper investigates water use pricing and financing of water infrastructure, focusing on: (i) the role of water use pricing; (ii) models for setting water use pricing – namely, charges and tariffs; and (iii) the multiplier effects of water use pricing for the financing of the water infrastructure value chain in South Africa. Primary data was collected by quantitative and qualitative methods and secondary data secondary data were collected from reports relating to water infrastructure needs and funding in South Africa. The water infrastructure value chain is hierarchical in South Africa – that is, national, provincial and local governments – based on administrative and political boundaries. Differential water use pricing recognises neither full replacement nor full recovery costs. The mean water use charge for all water-management areas (water basins or catchments) was found to be US$0.185/m3 (standard deviation (SD) = ±0.09); for agriculture (irrigation), <US$0.002/m3; for forestry, <US$0.001/m3 ([Formula: see text] = 0.0006; SD = ±0.0004); and for domestic and industrial, US$0.0553/m3 (SD = ±0.066). The mean year-on-year increases for water use was >20%. The mean annual bulk treated water use tariff was US$0.315/m3 (SD = ±0.242), and increases varied significantly – that is, 14.33% (SD = ±20.57). The national mean domestic water use tariffs varied from US$0.238/m3 (SD = ±0.310) to US$0.988/m3 (SD = ±0.450) for the predetermined water use blocks and increased between 13.6% (SD = ±7.7) and 16.9% (SD = ±0.4). Rural municipalities charged approximately 10% below the equivalent water use tariffs compared with urban areas. Commercial and industrial water use tariffs were higher than domestic water use tariffs in the lower blocks and in line in the higher water use blocks – that is, approximately 178.68% (SD = ±256.99). Water use multipliers varied substantially between 3 and 15 – that is, from raw water to municipal retail.

A bootstrapping dynamic two-stage SBM model: An application to assess industrial water use and health risk systems

Despite the great number of applications of bootstrapping data envelopment analysis (DEA) with a one-stage structure, there are limited attempts for approximating the distribution of the DEA estimator considering the two-stage structure across multiple periods. This research develops the dynamic two-stage non-radial DEA model based on smoothed bootstrap and subsampling bootstrap. Then, we run the proposed models on assessing the efficiency of China's industrial water use and health risk (IWUHR) systems and compare them with the bootstrapping results on standard radial network DEA. The results are as follows. (1) The proposed non-radial DEA model based on smoothed bootstrap can adjust original over-estimated and under-estimated values. (2) China's IWUHR system has good performance, and its HR stage performs better than the IWU stage for 30 provinces from 2011 to 2019. The poor performance of the IWU stage in Jiangxi and Gansu needs to be noticed. The provincial differences of the detailed bias-corrected efficiencies expand in the later period. (3) The rankings of IWU efficiency in the three regions are in agreement with that of HR efficiency: eastern, western, and central regions in this order. Particular attention should be paid to the downward trend of the bias-corrected IWUHR efficiency in the central region.

Investigation of the removal kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism of anionic textile dye, Remazol Red RB, with powder pumice, a sustainable adsorbent from waste water.

Excessive growth and abnormal use of dyes and water in the textile industry cause serious environmental problems, especially with excessive pollution of water bodies. Adsorption is an attractive, feasible, low-cost, highly efficient and sustainable technique in terms of green chemistry for the removal of pollutants from water. This study aims to investigate the removal kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism of Remazol Red RB, which was chosen as a representative anionic reactive dye, from synthetic wastewater using powdered pumice, taking into account various experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, adsorption time, temperature and pH. Moreover, to support the proposed adsorption mechanism, before and after adsorption of the samples, the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectra, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) diffractograms and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were also taken and used. The results show that powder pumice can be an efficient adsorbent for anionic dye removal with a relatively high adsorption capacity of 38.90mg/g, and it is very effective in 30-60min in mild conditions. The experimental data showed a high agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. In addition, thermodynamically, the process exhibited exothermic nature and standard isosteric enthalpy and entropy changes of -4.93kJ/mol and 16.11J/mol. K were calculated. It was determined that the adsorption mechanism was predominantly based on T-shaped pi-pi interactions and had physical characteristics.

Methodology for a preliminary assessment of water use sustainability in industries at sub-basin level

The sustainability of industrial production, especially for highly water-demanding processes, is strictly related to water resource availability and to the dynamic interactions between natural and anthropogenic requirements over the spatial and temporal scales. The increase in industrial water demand raises the need to assess the related environmental sustainability, facing the occurrence of global and local water stress issues. The identification of reliable methodologies, based on simple indices and able to consider the impact on local water basins, may play a basilar role in water sustainability diagnosis and decision-making processes for water management and land use planning. The present work focalized on the definition of a methodology based on the calculation of indicators and indices in the view of providing a synthetic, simple, and site-specific assessment tool for industrial water cycle sustainability. The methodology was built starting from geo-referenced data on water availability and sectorial uses derived for Italian sub-basins. According to the data monthly time scale, the proposed indices allowed for an industrial water-related impacts assessment, able to take into account the seasonal variability of local resources. Three industrial factories, located in northern (SB1, SB2) and central (SB3) Italian sub-basins, were selected as case studies (CS1, CS2, CS3) to validate the methodology. The companies were directly involved and asked to provide some input data. The methodology is based on the calculation of three synthetic indexes: the Withdrawal and Consumption water Stress Index (WCSI) allowed for deriving a synthetic water stress level assessment at the sub-basin scale, also considering the spatial and temporal variations; the industrial water use sustainability assessment was achieved by calculating the Overall Factory-to-Basin Impact (OFBI) and the Internal Water Reuse (IWR) indices, which allowed a preliminary evaluation of the factories' impacts on the sub-basin water status, considering the related water uses and the overall pressures on the reference territorial context. The WCSI values highlighted significant differences between the northern sub-basins, characterised by limited water stress (WCSISB1 = 0.221; WCSISB2 = 0.047), and the central ones, more subjected to high stress (WCSISB3 = 0.413). The case studies CS1 and CS3 showed to exert a more significant impact on the local water resource (OFBICS1 = 0.18%; OFBICS2 = 0.192%) with respect to CS2 (OFBI = 0.002%), whereas the IWR index revealed the different company's attitude in implementing water reuse practices (IWRCS1 = 40%; IWRCS1 = 27%; IWRCS1 = 99%). The proposed methodology and the indices may also contribute to assessing the effectiveness of river basin management actions to pursue sustainable development goals.

Sustainable Water Use in Industry—Reasons, Challenges, Response of Kazakhstan

Sustainable Water Use in Industry—Reasons, Challenges, Response of Kazakhstan

Spatial-temporal evolution of water resources utilization efficiency in Jiangsu Province

Abstract Improving water resource utilization efficiency is essential in alleviating the crisis of water resource shortage and promoting the sustainable development of the social economy. Based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index, the agricultural, industrial, and domestic water resource utilization efficiency of Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2020 are evaluated, respectively. The results show that the DEA efficiency of agriculture and industrial water use is greater than that of domestic while the improvement of agricultural and domestic water efficiency is larger than that of industrial. Temporally, the water use efficiency was on an increasing trend from 2011 to 2020, and technological progress is the main factor in improving the water resource utilization efficiency. Spatially, the water use efficiency of southern cities in Jiangsu Province is higher than that of northern and central cities, but the difference between cities is gradually narrowing. To improve the efficiency of water resource efficiency, the government should formulate water resource management policies according to local conditions.

Life cycle analysis of the economic costs and environmental benefits of photovoltaic module waste recycling in China

China will face great challenges related to PV waste in the coming decades. Mechanical recycling (MR), chemical recycling (CR), and thermal recycling (TR) are widely regarded as future technologies for PV recycling; however, knowledge about their costs and benefits remains unexplored in China. In this study, the costs and benefits of these technologies are comprehensively assessed and compared using a life cycle assessment (LCA). The results showed that MR, CR, and TR had the smallest amounts of life-cycle energy use (−28,949 MJ/ton), industrial water use (−65,069 kg/ton), and global warming potential (−5525 kg CO2 eq/ton), respectively. To date, cost-benefit analyses have demonstrated PV recycling was expensive. Overall, all three PV-recycling technologies show superior environmental and economic performance compared with landfilling. Scenario analysis showed that improvements in technology, expansion of the recycling scale, reducing transport distances, and subsidization are all effective measures for enhancing the total benefits of PV waste recycling.

High-frequency monitoring of Secchi-disk depth in Taihu Lake using Himawari-8/AHI data.

Diurnal monitoring of the Secchi-disk depth (SDD) of eutrophic lakes is the basic requirement to ensure domestic, industrial, and agricultural water use in surrounding cities. The retrieval of SDD in high frequency and longer observation period is the basic monitoring requirement to guarantee water environmental quality. Taking Lake Taihu as an example, the diurnal high-frequency observation (10 mins) data of the geostationary meteorological satellite sensor AHI/Himawari-8 were examined in this study. The results showed that the AHI normalized water-leaving radiance (Lwn) product derived by the Shortwave-infrared atmospheric correction (SWIR-AC) algorithm was consistent with the in situ data, with determination coefficient (R2) all larger than 0.86 and the mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) of 19.76%, 12.83%, 19.03% and 36.46% for the 460 nm, 510 nm, 640 nm and 860 nm bands, respectively. 510 nm and 640 nm bands showed more better consistency with in situ data in Lake Taihu. Therefore, an empirical SDD algorithm was established based on the AHI green (510 nm) and red (640 nm) bands. The SDD algorithm was verified by in situ data showed good performance with R2 of 0.81, RMSE of 5.91 cm, and MAPD of 20.67%. Based on the AHI data and established algorithm, diurnal high-frequency variation of the SDD in the Lake Taihu was investigated and the environmental factor (wind speed, turbidity degree, and photosynthetically active radiance) corresponding to diurnal SDD variation were discussed. This study should be helpful for studying diurnal high-dynamics physical-biogeochemical processes in eutrophication lake waters.

The impact of water and technology on the stock market in China and Japan based on a new heuristic model

Introduction: Water, as an essential strategic resource, is diminishing; this has been framed as a financial risk. We aim to quantitively investigate the impact of water use and technology on the stock market and compare the differences in China and Japan, which represent emerging and mature markets, respectively.Method: We constructed three models using the difference generalized method of moments. The first and second models focused on how water use could influence stock market volatility and returns; the third model added technology as an interaction to explore its impact on the above mechanism. We used an ARIMA-EGARCH model to predict the trend of marginal stock market return with an increase in industrial water use in the next 5 years.Results and Discussion: The results show that 1) water use increases the stock market volatility in both countries, but Japan shows a greater increase than China; 2) water use has a negative impact on stock market returns in China and a positive impact in Japan; 3) technology plays a positive role in the second model, while the ARIMA-EGARCH results correspond to the first two conclusions, which verifies the reasonability of the models. We conclude that heterogeneity exists in the two different market types because of technology level.

Analysis of the Applicability of Multisource Meteorological Precipitation Data in the Yunnan-Kweichow-Plateau Region at Multiple Scales

Multisource meteorological precipitation products are an important way to make up for a lack of observation sites or a lack of precipitation data in areas with a complex topography. They have important value for local industrial, agricultural, and ecological water use calculations, as well as for water resource evaluation and management. The Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau is located in southwest China and has a relatively backward economy and few meteorological stations. At the same time, the terrain is dominated by mountain valleys, precipitation is greatly affected by the terrain, and meteorological data are lacking, making the calculation of local water resources difficult. In this study, the applicability of the 3-hourly merged high-quality/IR estimates (3B42) of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD), and China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets (CMADS) in the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau was analyzed using multiple evaluation indicators of different temporal scales and precipitation intensity levels as well as the spatial distribution of the indicators based on measured daily precipitation data from 59 national meteorological basic stations in the study area in 2008–2018. The results showed that (1) the three products had performed well and could be applied to the calculation of local water resources with CMFD performing the best; (2) the performance of precipitation products was slightly worse on the daily scale, and the overall performance of the yearly, quarterly, and monthly scales was better; (3) good results were achieved in most regions, but there were also some regions with prominent overestimation and underestimation; (4) the three precipitation products had the highest probabilities of detection and the lowest false alarm rates for no rain and light rain, and the probability of detection gradually decreased with an increase in the precipitation intensity; and (5) the mean absolute error of precipitation products in rainy months is large, so the accuracy of products in the calculation of heavy rain and flood will be limited.

Driving Factors of Industrial Water Use Change Based on Carbon Emission and Sectoral Perspectives in Hebei Province, China

Hebei Province in China is facing a serious water shortage, which is further aggravated by the pressure of industrial transfer and the unreasonable structure of industrial water use. To explore the relationship between industrial water use and carbon emissions, in this study, a refined logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method was developed to analyze the driving factors of industrial water use in Hebei Province during 2008–2019 from carbon emission and sectoral perspectives. The results show that the carbon emission effect, the water–carbon effect, and the industrial structure effect were the main factors contributing to the decrease in industrial water use during the study period. The carbon emission effect made a great contribution to its decline. The cumulative contributions of these factors were −1425, −533, and −763 million m3 from 2008 to 2019. The contribution of the industrial structure effect was −106.93%, with a large potential for water saving. According to the sectoral analysis, the 32 sectors in Hebei Province exhibited significant sectoral heterogeneity, and the strong promoting industries were identified as the main sectors contributing to the increase in the promotion of industrial water use. This paper provides a reference for the scientific formulation of water-saving and emission-reduction policies and research on the water–carbon relationship in Hebei Province.

Geological and Morphometric Characteristics of Quaternary Pyroclastic Aquifers in Salak and Pangrango Stratovolcano.

Indonesia is located in a subduction zone formed by the collision of continental and oceanic plates. Many volcanoes form as a result of these conditions along the arc. Springs on the volcano's slopes are widely used for domestic, irrigation, and industry water use. Investigating the characteristics of aquifers and springs is essential to ensure groundwater sustainability by providing a robust geological framework. Meanwhile, groundwater in a volcanic geological setting has good quality characteristics because of its occurrence process, which interacts with many minerals in pyroclastic rocks that act as aquifers. The study area is located in the Lido Catchment Area (LCA), which is situated between two distinct volcanic slopes. Geological and morphometric analysis at LCA is the basis of important information relating to its hydrogeological systems. The analysis of thin rock sections and parameters of the physical properties of water in groundwater springs supports our research. We applied a comprehensive geological and morphometric analysis to obtain detailed information about the aquifer. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of aquifers in pyroclastic rocks and their relationship to the formation of springs. From the research conducted, the characteristic of water can be distinguished based on the geological conditions of its constituents. There are 6 different lithological characteristics in the study area: polymictic breccia, monomictic breccia, lapilli, lapilli tuff, coarse tuff, and fine tuff. From the lithology variations obtained, breccia, lapilli, and coarse tuff can play a good role as aquifers. Geological correlations and groundwater systems in the study area show groups of superficial, mixed, and alteration springs. The system of water flows in aquifers through inter-grains or rock fractures. The types of springs in LCA are dominated by depression and fracture types. These results are fundamental information for understanding hydrogeological systems in future volcanic geological settings.

System Dynamics-based Carbon Footprint Assessment of Industrial Water and Energy Use

Investigating links between water, energy, and carbon emissions requires more attention on the path toward economic prosperity. This study aims to develop a framework for modeling water-energy-carbon interdependencies by considering the nonlinear relationships in their dynamic feedback processes. The main contribution of this research is the quantification of the carbon footprint of industrial water use through the development of an Industrial Water-Energy-Carbon (I-WEC) nexus model. It is a system dynamics model that is developed with a scenario-driven framework. The GDP as a representative of economic growth is assessed. The proposed methodology is tested on the Netherlands' industrial sector as a pilot due to the relatively good data structure. Based on policy-based complementary scenarios, the results show a 3% increase in total water use by 2030. Energy use and carbon emissions will fall as much as 10% and 25% that year, respectively. It is concluded that the industrial GDP share could be maintained with a 0.76% loss, which is close to the 0.5% loss projected by authorities. This study presents a unique approach that can be used in other regions.

Separating the Precipitation‐ and Non‐Precipitation‐ Driven Water Storage Trends in China

AbstractTerrestrial water storage (TWS) is a critical component for sustainable societal development and ecosystem cycles. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites have tracked changes in global TWS under the combined effects of various factors with unprecedented accuracy since 2002. In this study, we separate the trends in TWS driven by precipitation and non‐precipitation factors for the Chinese mainland from 2003 to 2016 based on the statistical reconstruction method and linear regression and analyze the driving mechanisms combining with multi‐source data. The results show that: (a) during the study period, TWS shows different degrees of increase in most of the Yangtze River basin, the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and part of the Heilongjiang Province, while TWS shows a significant decrease in the Tien Shan Mountains, the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and the North China Plain; (b) precipitation is one of the dominant factors leading to the rise of TWS, and the construction of reservoirs and dams also contributes. In contrast, anthropogenic activities (agricultural irrigation, industrial water use, etc.) and accelerated glacial melting due to global warming are the dominant factors in the decline of water storage; (c) the contribution of long‐term precipitation change to water storage is significantly larger in the northern China region (north of the 800 mm isopleth). This study provides a feasible method for quantifying the contribution of precipitation and non‐precipitation factors to TWS, which is meaningful for understanding the impact of climate change and anthropogenic factors on water resources.

Can environmental sustainability be decoupled from economic growth? Empirical evidence from Eastern Europe using the common correlated effect mean group test

The European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment posed by rising economic growth, they are seeking pathways to enable policy action on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Given the facts in theoretical and empirical studies, this study assessed the validity of the decoupling hypothesis by investigating asymmetricity in the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth in nine Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2017 using the cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) unit root, panel corrected standard errors (PCSE), common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG), and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches. Both population growth and drinking water are used as controlled variables. The outcomes establish strong cointegration among all the variables of interest. According to the results of CCEMG test, first, economic growth exerts short-term environmental degradation but has long-term environmental benefits in Eastern Europe; second, population growth and drinking water exert a positive effect on environmental sustainability in both the short- and long-run. The results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicate that environmental sustainability is unidirectionally affected by economic growth. Based on these outcomes, the following policy suggestions are made: (1) the EU and OECD should implement member-targeted policies on economic growth and fossil-fuel use towards regulating industrial pollution, water use, and population control; (2) the EU and OECD member countries should invest in environmental technologies through green research and development (R&D) to transform their dirty industrial processes and ensure productive energy use.

A novel framework for water accounting and auditing for efficient management of industrial water use

The importance of industrial water resource management has increased owing to the increasingly significant issues of global water scarcity and water environmental degradation, which results in the need for more precise data as well as more advanced management strategies. The majority of industrial water resource management frameworks currently in use fall short in their attempts to perform microscopic section accounting and analysis and are unable to fully obtain and effectively implement product information regarding water. This unquestionably made it more challenging to pinpoint the effects of production pollution, accomplish efficient water conservation in industry, and raise the bar for meticulous management of water resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel framework for water accounting and auditing that combines traditional water accounting and water mass balance for measuring, evaluating, and diagnosing water flowing in various production links as well as water finance, to facilitate the effective management of industrial water resources and their integration with enterprise benefits management. Specifically, the framework suggests a new accounting structure that successfully connects the conventional water accounting system with the exact quantitative and economic accounting of industrial production links by revamping the title and substance of water accounting. As opposed to traditional water accounting and industrial water mass balance analysis, this will further improve the system's ability to track internal, intricate production links and the economics of industrial water management, respectively. The case study shows that this framework has considerable benefits for industrial companies in terms of water efficiency, product structure, and cleaner production, which better fits the goal of creating a water-saving society and the global industrial water resources management strategy.