Industrial Temperature Control Research Articles

Multi-physical quantities sensing based on the nematic liquid crystal Janus metastructure in theory

Breaking through the idea limitation of traditional single-scale and single-function sensors, a multi-scale and multi-function Janus metastructure (JMS) is proposed in this article, which is constructed by the specific methods to break its parity. Using the change of transmission spectrum, JMS can realize multi-physical quantities detection with different sensing performances, when electromagnetic waves propagate on positive and negative scales respectively. For selective gas detection, JMS can conveniently detect 0–3.5 % methane concentrations with sensitivity (S) of 22.932 THz/RIU and 0–3 % hydrogen concentrations with S of 43.494 THz/RIU, avoiding the problem of complex and dangerous external operation conditions required for previous gas sensors. Based on the electro-optical effect of nematic liquid crystal, JMS can realize wide-range electric field direction (EFD) sensing of 10°–80° and 100°–170° by taking the advantages of multi-scale detection, which is wider than existing 0°–90° EFD sensors. Because nematic liquid crystal is thermotropic, JMS can also achieve accurate temperature detection of 283.15–318.15 K. Finally, through comparison, it is proved that JMS proposed has the potential of multi-scenario applications, and meets the urgent demand for excellent performance sensors in the fields of dangerous gas transportation, atmospheric EFD detection and industrial manufacturing temperature control.

Er3+/Yb3+/Ho3+ tri-doped no-core fiber temperature sensor based on fluorescence intensity ratio technology: towards high stability and accurate measurements.

In this paper, the green upconversion (UC) fluorescence emission from E r 3+/Y b 3+/H o 3+ tri-doped tellurite glass is investigated for temperature sensing. The doping of H o 3+ ions not only enhances the chance of energy level transition but also avoids the influence of the thermal effect caused by the proximity of 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 energy levels. The luminescence characteristics at different Y b 3+ and H o 3+ ion concentration doping molar ratios were investigated, and the strongest luminescence characteristics were exhibited when the Y b 3+ ion concentration was at 5mol% and H o 3+ at 0.2mol%. Based on this, a tri-doped T e O 2-Z n O-B i 2 O 3 (TZB) no-core fiber was fabricated and connected with multimode fibers (MMFs) to form a temperature sensor. The temperature sensing performance of the tri-doped TZB temperature sensor was evaluated in detail over the temperature range of 255-365K. The repeatability and stability of the temperature sensor was experimentally verified. The E r 3+/Y b 3+/H o 3+ tri-doped sensor can be used for noninvasive optical temperature sensing in the fields of environmental monitoring, biological sensing, and industrial process temperature control, etc.

Preparation and Properties of Graphene Flexible Membrane

Graphene material has excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, and the flexible film prepared by it can be widely used in intelligent wearables, industrial temperature control, biomedicine, home heating and other fields. In this paper, graphene paste was used to prepare textile substrate and non-substrate graphene flexible film, and its tensile strength, elongation at break, resistivity, hardness, modulus and other parameters were tested. The results show that the graphene flexible film has smooth appearance, good electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength, and is a good choice for smart wear and industrial parts gasket applications.

Flow and temporal effects on the sonolytic defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid

The removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pollution from the environment is a globally pressing issue, due to some PFAS’ recalcitrant, bioaccumulative, and carcinogenic nature. Destruction via ultrasonic waves (sonolysis) is a promising contender for industrialisation due to; moderate power consumption, applicability to several PFAS and sample types, and limited by-products. Liquid flow rate through an ultrasonic reactor can affect the size, shape, and spatial distribution of ultrasonic cavities and hence their chemical activity. Such effects have not been studied during PFAS sonolysis, and temporal effects have not been studied much beyond the reactant concentration. Here, the effects of varying recirculating flow rate on the ultrasonic defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and implications for industrial scale up are presented. Under the ultrasonic power (200 W L−1, 2.27 W cm−2) and frequency (410 kHz) used, flow rates of 79 and 214 ml min−1 enhanced defluorination up to 14 % during 30 min of treatment. However, these effects were temporal and most significant in the initial minutes of treatment. This indicated a dynamic bubble size distribution which stabilised after around 15 min. Defluorination rates of PFOS were compared with measured potassium iodide dosimetry, calorimetry, sonoluminescence (SL), and sonochemiluminescence (SCL). Flow rates which enhanced defluorination correlated moderately with enhanced SCL and negatively impacted SL, calorimetry, and dosimetry. Effects were attributed to perturbed cavity surfaces, leading to asymmetric cavity collapse, and the possibility of enhanced solvated electron production/interaction. SL, SCL, dosimetry, and calorimetric measurements were also temporal, and each showed different times to equilibrate. Flow rates of 439 and 889 ml min−1 returned all sonochemical measurements to the levels without flow, likely due to continued collapse temperature quenching by furthered bubble asymmetry. Flow also enhanced reactor cooling, which is significant for industrial temperature control. The pump energy consumed was small (≈1.9 %) compared to that of the amplifier and chiller, hence, PFOS defluorination was more cost-effective using flow. However, the effect may be limited for the longer treatment times needed for environmental remediation.

Anti-windup ADRC design for temperature control systems with output delay against asymmetric input constraint

To tackle the asymmetric input constraint typically involved with industrial temperature control systems, e.g., there is a tuning range from 0 to 100% in the heating power, an anti-windup active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed for the practical application, in particular for dealing with output delay. Based on an artificial symmetric transformation for the asymmetric input constraint along with a delay-free output prediction, an anti-windup extended state observer (AESO) is firstly constructed to simultaneously estimate the delay-free system state and external disturbance for control design. When the input saturation constraint occurs, the proposed AESO could also offer anti-windup compensation. Then, a feedback controller is analytically derived by assigning repetitive-type poles for the characteristic equation of the closed-loop structure, followed by a set-point prefilter design to ensure no overshoot and output tracking deviation. Tractable linear matrix inequality based conditions are rigorously established to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system under a specified initial condition. A benchmark example from a recent reference is used to verify the superiority of the proposed control method over some existing anti-windup control designs. Moreover, a real application to the temperature control of a jacketed crystallizer is shown in comparison with a recently developed control method with no anti-windup compensation.

Temperature difference measurement with using two RTD sensors as example of evaluating uncertainty of a vector output quantity

The evaluation of results in the case of indirect multi-parameter measurements is presented. A theoretical basis for determining the estimates of values, the uncertainties and the correlation coefficients of indirectly obtained multi-measurand is explained in detail. The example of a difference and an average of two-temperature indirect measurement is given with the use of two RTDs. Such sensors are used in the laboratory and industrial temperature control systems. The uncertainty of measurements depends on the errors of two RTDs and the structure of signal conditioning circuit.

General type industrial temperature system control based on fuzzy fractional-order PID controller

A fuzzy fractional-order PID control algorithm for a general type industrial temperature control system is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the production quality and controlled model accuracy, a fractional-order elementary system is used to describe the temperature control process. The gain coefficients of the proposed fractional-order PID controller is updated online based on a set of fractional-order fuzzy rules which are defined by Mittag–Leffler functions and follow fat-tailed distributions. Therefore, the proposed controller parameters could be auto-tuned according to model uncertainties, noise disturbance, random delay, and etc. Examples of the studied temperature control systems are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The superiority of fractional calculus is fully explored in the presented control methodology. The controlled temperature profile with the proposed algorithm could realize more satisfactory dynamic performance, better robustness respect to environment changes caused by internal and external disturbance.

DESKRIPSI TEKNIS PENGENDALI TEMPERATUR INDUSTRI SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI SISTEM REGULASI TEMPERATUR

Dista Yoel Tadeus, Iman Setiono, in this paper explain that temperature regulation is one of the most important needs for the industry. Lots of processes and production are carried out under certain temperature conditions and free from interference. Industrial temperature controller is one of the basic equipment to meet these needs. On the market there are various types, specifications, and brands of temperature controllers, but have similarities with one another mainly lies in the basic functions of temperature regulation capabilities. This article describes the background of industrial temperature controllers principal, also covers control concepts, basic controller configurations, control methods, actuator equipment support, and examples of sensor parameter settings and controls on the Autonics TC4S series temperature controllers.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KENDALI ALAT PENYORTIR BARANG BERWARNA MERAH DAN HIJAU DENGAN SENSOR TCS230 BERBASIS PLC SCHNEIDER

Agri Denada Br Tarigan, Iman Setiono, in this paper explain that temperature regulation is one of the most important needs for the industry. Lots of processes and production are carried out under certain temperature conditions and free from interference. Industrial temperature controller is one of the basic equipment to meet these needs. On the market there are various types, specifications, and brands of temperature controllers, but have similarities with one another mainly lies in the basic functions of temperature regulation capabilities. This article describes the background of industrial temperature controllers principal, also covers control concepts, basic controller configurations, control methods, actuator equipment support, and examples of sensor parameter settings and controls on the Autonics TC4S series temperature controllers.

Research on the Application of the Industrial Cycle Temperature Control Electromechanical Integration Technology in High Precision Weighing System

Traditional design technology has been enriched and improved in content, model and methods thanks to the development of computational mathematics, engineering mechanics, mechanical dynamics, electronic information technology and computer technology, with the concept transforming from manufacturing-oriented design to user-oriented design. Typical electromechanical integration technology, based on electronic control, replaces the conventional control system with computer, and thus simplifies the mechanical structure. With high functionality and reliability, and improved operability and production efficiency, mechatronics technology has been extensively developed and used. With the substantial development and thorough integration of modern computer technology and mechanical design theory, the weighing technology in China has also been improved. It has become an inevitable trend to combine the new weighing design concept with electromechanical integration technology to be a new weighing system for more innovative and adaptive products.

Development of an intelligent enzyme indicator for dynamic monitoring of the shelf-life of food products

Abstract This work describes the development of a new smart time–temperature indicator, whose operating principle is based on the reaction between starch and iodine and the subsequent acting of an amylase on this complex, causing discoloration at a rate dependent on time and temperature of the medium. Laboratory simulations, manufacturing plant tests, and points of sale evaluated various enzyme concentrations in the TTI prototypes. The results showed that the color response of the indicators was visually interpreted as adaptive to measurement using colorimeter. Due to the possibility of defining the shelf-life of TTIs by varying enzyme concentrations, the indicators can be easily adapted to control the temperature conditions in the production chain of many perishable foods in a cheap, easy and accurate form. Industrial relevance Temperature control during the distribution and storage of perishable products is often flawed, with conditions other than those recommended by the manufacturer. The difficulty in knowing the temperature history to which a food has been exposed to makes it difficult to predict its true shelf-life. An innovative alternative to dynamically ensure the validity of food can be the use of a smart time–temperature indicator (TTI). However, the success of the industrial application of TTIs depends on the simplicity, cost and reliability during operation, characteristics that have not yet been jointly observed in the indicators available in the market. In this perspective, it is part of the development of this work, which aims to develop a new TTI that presents a favorable combination of efficiency, reliability and viability. Thus, the aim is to contribute to the commercial acceptance of the concepts of smart packaging and in the establishment of regulation standards of usage, providing benefits to the conservation of a wide variety of foods.

Research of the Industrial Furnace Temperature Control Based on DMC Algorithm

By introducing the existing lack of industrial temperature control algorithm is applied, leads to the advantage of DMC algorithm industrial furnace temperature control, the next from the prediction model, rolling optimization, feedback correction of the three aspects of the principle of DMC algorithm is fully explained, on this basis, the preparation of Matlab procedures, simulation of the DMC algorithm in industrial furnace temperature control, thus indicating DMC algorithm in the field of industrial temperature measurement is a method should be promoted.

Un-symmetric input temperature control by using fuzzy sliding mode controller with gain auto-tuning

In order to obtain the desired product quality, temperature is an important control parameter in chemical and semiconductor manufacturing processes. Generally, the temperature control system has nonlinear time-varying, slow response speed, time-delay and un-symmetric control input dynamic characteristics. It is difficult to accurately establish the dynamic model for designing a general purpose temperature controller to achieve good control performance. Here a model-free fuzzy sliding mode control strategy is employed to design an intelligent temperature controller with gain-scheduling scheme or gain auto-tuning algorithm for a closed chamber with heater one-way input only. The concept of gain scheduling is employed to adjust the mapping ranges of the input and output fuzzy membership functions during the control process for improving the transient and steady-state control performances. The experimental results show that the steady state error of the step input response is always less than 0.2°C without overshoot by using this intelligent control schemes. It is suitable for industrial temperature control systems.

The design, manufacture and testing of a jet-pump chiller for air conditioning and industrial application

A 40 kWc jet-pump chiller has been built in Florence at Frigel s.p.a. The plant is intended as a test bench for future jet-pump chillers for applications in the industrial temperature control market and powered by waste heat from CHP systems. The generator and evaporator of the prototype unit are water-heated and the condenser is water cooled. R245fa has been chosen as the working fluid. The prototype's jet-pump has a movable primary nozzle and 7 static pressure probes on the mixing chamber/diffuser duct. This latter has been manufactured in two versions, both characterized by a profile inspired by the CRMC (Constant Rate of Momentum Change) criterion. This paper describes the prototype and presents a preliminary set of experimental test results.

Model reduction for nonlinear systems with incremental gain or passivity properties

In this paper, model reduction techniques for a class of nonlinear systems are proposed. Specifically, nonlinear systems are considered that can be decomposed as the feedback interconnection of a high-order linear subsystem and a nonlinear subsystem of relatively low order, allowing for the application of well-developed reduction techniques for linear systems. In this setting, conditions are given under which internal stability, as well as passivity or a bound on the L2 gain are preserved for the reduced-order nonlinear model. Additionally, a priori error bounds are given. In the derivation of the error bound, an incremental gain (or incremental passivity) property of the nonlinear subsystem is shown to be instrumental. Additionally, the techniques developed in this paper are applied in the scope of controller reduction, as is illustrated by means of an industrial temperature control benchmark example.

Control Analysis and Tuning of an Industrial Temperature Control System

The paper focuses on control analysis and tuning of an already installed temperature control system in a manufacturing plant. The dynamics of the investigated heating ventilation and air conditioning system are inherently nonlinear throughout the operational region. Therefore, it is challenging to tune the adopted proportional-integral controller. For this reason, a nonlinear temperature model, whose structure is predetermined based on simplified first principles assumptions, is derived. The corresponding parameters are estimated based on measured data using identification techniques. The obtained temperature model is used for off-line control analysis and subsequent control tuning.

SU‐C‐BRA‐06: A Novel Device for Delivering Combined Partial Breast Hyperthermia and Partial Breast Irradiation

Purpose: The attraction of Partial Breast Irradiation (PBI) is related to minimizing the potential negative side effects of radiation therapy and the potential to reduce the total effective tumor dose. Heat has also proven to be a significant radiosensetizer. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for delivering combined partial breast irradiation and hyperthermia (PBHI) to gain the added benefits. Methods: Manufacturing of a prototype balloon applicator for PBHI delivery is currently underway at our institution. This new device will use a modified central lumen for heating of the surrounding fill solution by a removable miniaturized resistive heating element. The temperature of the fill solution will be controlled by a feedback loop system utilizing a thermocouple and proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) industrial temperature controller unit. The feasibility of our system has been verified through mathematical modeling using the finite‐element partial differential equation solver package COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA). Results: We modeled our balloon as a 6 cm diameter water filled sphere within a 20 cm diameter sphere of breast tissue. The temperature at the balloon surface was kept at 460 C for one hour. The results show a temperature at the 1 cm margin around the balloon of approximately 41 0C is maintained during 30 minutes of heating. The temperature gradient between the balloon wall and the 1 cm margin is very steep due to the low thermal conductivity of the modeled breast tissue. Conclusion: Hyperthermia, in combination with radiation, is a proven method of reducing local recurrence rates of breast cancer as an adjuvant treatment. Modeling of the proposed system confirms the viability for construction of a prototype system which is currently in development. The device will further expand the potential patient population qualifying for partial breast irradiation thus providing an enhanced treatment option with minimized side effects

Gain-scheduling fuzzy temperature controller for one-way input system

In many chemical and semiconductor manufacturing processes, temperature is an important control parameter for obtaining the desired product quality. Generally, the temperature control system has non-linear time-varying, slow response, time-delay and one-way control input characteristics. It is difficult to estimate accurately the dynamic model and design a general-purpose temperature controller to achieve good control performance. Here a model-free intelligent gain-scheduling fuzzy control strategy is proposed to design a temperature controller for an iron closed chamber with heater input only. The concept of gain scheduling is employed to adjust the mapping ranges of fuzzy membership functions during the control process for improving the control performance. The experimental results show that the steady-state errors of the step input responses are always less than 0.2°C without overshoot by using this control scheme. It is suitable for industrial temperature control systems.

A stable self-tuning fuzzy logic control system for industrial temperature regulation

A closed-loop control system incorporating fuzzy logic has been developed for a class of industrial temperature control problems. A unique fuzzy logic controller (FLC) structure with an efficient realization and a small rule base that can be easily implemented in existing industrial controllers was proposed. The potential of FLC in both software simulation and hardware tests in an industrial setting was demonstrated. This includes compensating for thermo mass changes in the system, dealing with unknown and variable delays, operating at very different temperature set points without retuning, etc. It is achieved by implementing, in the FLC, a classical control strategy and an adaptation mechanism to compensate for the dynamic changes in the system. The proposed FLC was applied to two different temperature processes and performance and robustness improvements were observed in both cases. Furthermore, the stability of the FLC is investigated and a safeguard is established.

Recent Advances in Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometry

The modern platinum resistance thermometer provides the most accurate and versatile method of industrial temperature measurement and control. This article gives details of a new design of platinum resistance thermometer element of small dimensions and good stability. It also describes a range of complete thermometers based on these elements together with a resistance-bridge system used for signal conditioning when the thermometers are used in data-logging or computer controlled systems.