Industrial Take-off Research Articles

Facing the West: Greece in the Great Exhibition of 1851

This paper explores the prehistory of industrial design in Greece, through original research on the Greek participation in the exhibition which took place in London in 1851, and is known as Great or as Exhibition of 1851. Although the participation of the young Greek state was very modest, at the same time it was a remarkable event which triggered numerous reactions, both positive and negative. This paper outlines the condition of the Greek state in 1851, presents facts about the Greek participation in the Great Exhibition, and discusses reactions by Greeks as well as relevant opinions expressed by foreigners. This research is situated in the context of an emerging local design historiography, which bears close links to economic and social history. Since this is research in progress, this text is meant to be an introduction to the subject.' To begin with, it must be stressed that, in 1851, the modern Greek state was only two decades old, and it was undergoing a phase of organizational and political development. Various internal factors constituted serious obstacles in the growth of the production and financial sectors.2 The production base remained archaic and the development rate was negligible. The country was still in a preindustrial, pre-banking, and even pre-property state.3 The country was devastated after more than a decade of independence war, it was very sparsely populated (seventeen inhabitants per square kilometer in 1839), the natural resources were underused, and urbanization was in an embryonic state. The majority of the population lived in villages, where exchange based on money was still unknown. The local economy was based on agrarian and self-sufficient ways of living. Before the take-off of the Greek industry in the late 1860s, there is no point in talking about industrialization, or even early industrialization. 4The first bank, the National Bank of Greece, was founded in 1841, and remained the only institution of this kind for more than two decades.5 The journalist and writer Stefanos Xenos, who attended the Great Exhibition as a correspondent for Greek newspapers, points out the difficulties of presenting the exhibition to the Greek audience, of describing and comparing objects and situations unseen by the majority of the local population: [We Greeks have] neither the things, nor the names, nor the shapes. 6 The British newspaper Morning Chronicle refers to certain historical conditions in an attempt to provide explanations for the underdevelopment of Greek industry in mid-nineteenth century. 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented in Mind the Map, 3rd

Technology Transfer to a Developing Country the Road to Industrialization

The transition of a developing country to the point of industrial take-off, during a period of 50 years, will be described. During this time the basis and infrastructure for further development was laid through the receipt of transferred technology. The chronology of the development, as well as a case study, will be shown to demonstrate that this transfer was a dominant factor leading to the present considerable progress made in industrialization.

Land Reform, Income Redistribution, and Agricultural Production in Korea

Jeon, Yoong-Deok; Kim, Young-Yong.January, 2000.Land reform, income redistribution, and agricultural production in Korea,Articles,[Chicago, U.S.]University of Chicago,18

The Fiction of Copyright

The Fiction of Copyright

La forme est le fond la structuration des appareils statistiques nationaux (1800-1945)

Le présent article porte sur les débats relatifs à la Forme que doit prendre l'appareil de collecte de données statistiques pour faire face aux transformations que connaissent les sociétés occidentales depuis le début du XIXe siècle. C'est au moment de la mise sur pied, en 1832, du Bureau statistique du Board of Trade britannique que sont avancés pour la première fois les arguments en faveur de la coordination, de la centralisation ou de la décentralisation en matière statistique. Jusqu'en 1945, ce débat sera un des mieux alimentés, le décollage des économies, les guerres mondiales, la crise des années trente offrant aux protagonistes l'occasion de s'interroger sur la forme que doit prendre le système de collecte et d'analyse des données statistiques. La perspective que nous adopterons ici se distingue par sa double amplitude: ainsi, ne nous limitant pas aux grands systèmes statistiques, ceux de GrandeBretagne, de France et des États-Unis, nous croiserons les fils des histoires nationales de la plupart des pays occidentaux; de plus, ne nous en tenant pas à la période où naissent la plupart des bureaux statistiques, soit le XIXe siècle, nous embrasserons l'ensemble de la période s'étendant de 1800 à 1945.

Does agriculture really matter? The case of Korea, 1910–1970

This paper analyses the magnitude of growth in the agricultural sector prior to industrialization in Korea. It presents an argument that runs contrary to the general view on the nature of economic growth in Korea, namely that there was very little growth in the agricultural sector prior to industrial takeoff. Rather the data suggest that large investments were made during Japanese colonization and subsequent industrialization. These investments had high payoffs not just in terms of rice production but also in terms of building institutional capacity and creating infrastructure. The Korean case is not an anomaly but an interesting and somewhat unique example of agricultural development preceding rapid industrial expansion.

Aux origines de l'économie sociale de marché état, économie et conjoncture dans l'allemagne du 20e siècle

At the origins of social market economy. State, economy and conjuncture in 20th century Germany, Werner Abelshauser. The thesis developed by Mancur Oison in The Rise and Decline of Nations (1982) stimulates an analysis of the paths through which Germany gradually oriented itself towards ordo-liberalism and social market economy. While for M. Oison only brutal ruptures imposed by circumstances could lead to the recomposition of a given economic order, the author states, on the contrary, that German-style interventionism is rooted in a whole historical coherence that, starting with the industrial take-off of the 19th century, went through the blocked modernity of the Weimar period and reached its most decisive moment in the 1929 crisis and the Third Reich.

Industrialismens storstad — Studier rörande Stockholms sociala, ekonomiska och demografiska Struktur 1860–1910

Abstract One of the most significant aspects of industrial take-off is the formation of a working class. Even a local study of its emergence involves a complex of questions as to the social and geographical origins, the occupational identity and social environment of the work force. Gustafson's work on Stockholm 1860-1910 does not pretend to deal comprehensively with the formation of the working class in Sweden in general and in Stockholm in particular. Nevertheless it is admirable, in as much as it contains a number of separate studies which provide valuable information about the composition and work of the Swedish capital's population during the period 1860-1910.

Les centres de décision des États-Unis

The United States' decision-making centres. — A study of US firms in 1974 underlines their financial and spatial concentration (the North-East is highly overwhelming) . The weight of a city in decision-making is less related to its actual population than to its role during the industrial take-off in the second half of the nineteenth century. Correlation betewen sales and wage-earners controlled by these firms leads us to distinguish between decision-making centres with a tertiary preponderance (Megalopolis and the "Peripherie Crescent") and centres with an industrial one (Great Lakes). The impact of these centres is related chiefly to the size of the greatest firms.

Geographical mobility of population in pre-industrial times

Abstract Since 1821, the starting-point for Rosenberg's study, more or less complete series of information about migrants have been preserved in the parishes of the county of Uusimaa (Nyland), in the form of lists of persons moving out of or into the parish or change-of-domicile certificates filed by the migrants in the registry office of the parish to which they moved. It ends at roughly the time when publication of official migration statistics began in Finland (1878). The later years of the period coincide with the industrial take-off, so that the study deals almost exclusively with the pre-industrial period. Very little attention has been paid in previous research to the migratory movement of that period, one reason being the illusion that the migratory movement was caused by industrialisation and, accordingly, that the scale of migration was very small before the take-off. The main reason, however, must surely be the absence of accessible statistics. The primary material is dispersed in hundreds of church archives from which the researcher must himself select the emigrants and immigrants case by case. This is tedious, but it has the advantage of enabling him to classify the migrants in the manner best suited to his study without limiting him to the classification employed in the official statistics.

The Joint-Stock Company in England, 1800-1825

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Joint-Stock Company in England, 1800-1825Bishop C. HuntBishop C. Hunt Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Political Economy Volume 43, Number 1Feb., 1935 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/254723 Views: 5Total views on this site Citations: 7Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:S. McCartney, A.J. Arnold Financial capitalism, incorporation and the emergence of financial reporting information, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 25, no.88 (Oct 2012): 1290–1316.https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571211275489Zubair Abbasi God’s Law v. Corporations: A Critique of Islamic Law Matters Thesis, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2052601 A brief history of early Anglo-American corporate income taxation, (Sep 2011): 19–46.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013284.002Muhammad Zubair Abbasi Legal analysis of Agency Theory: an inquiry into the nature of corporation, International Journal of Law and Management 51, no.66 (Nov 2009): 401–420.https://doi.org/10.1108/17542430911005936Alex William Trew Endogenous Financial Development and Industrial Takeoff, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2007).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.956559Geoffrey M. Hodgson The Legal Nature of the Firm and the Myth of the Firm-Market Hybrid, International Journal of the Economics of Business 9, no.11 (Feb 2002): 37–60.https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110102967Gary M. Anderson, Robert D. Tollison The myth of the corporation as a creation of the state, International Review of Law and Economics 3, no.22 (Dec 1983): 107–120.https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8188(83)90011-X