Industry Survey Research Articles

Pseudo-3D cubes from densely spaced subbottom profiles via projection onto convex sets interpolation: An open-source workflow applied to a pockmark field

High-resolution subbottom profiler (SBP) data are commonly recorded during academic or industrial surveys and analyzed as 2D profiles. However, there is growing interest in 3D imaging of the shallow seafloor subsurface, e.g., site surveys prior to the installation of offshore wind farms. Despite ongoing advancements in 3D systems, SBPs continue to be used mainly for 2D profiling. In other seismic imaging applications, “pseudo-3D” seismic cubes have been successfully generated from dense 2D seismic surveys. We developed a novel open-source Python-based workflow to interpolate densely spaced 2D SBP profiles acquired with a hull-mounted parametric SBP into pseudo-3D cubes. This workflow is applied to a study area on the Chatham Rise east of New Zealand’s South Island, comprising numerous seafloor pockmarks and subsurface paleo-pockmarks. Our workflow consists of two stages: (1) processing of individual 2D profiles to compensate for existing vertical offsets and (2) sparse data interpolation by applying the iterative projection onto convex sets algorithm. We correct the residual static effect caused by the sea state during acquisition, compensate for the varying tidal elevations, and apply vertical time shifts to individual profiles to correct misties at profile intersections. The interpolation of the binned sparse 3D cube is performed in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform and executed in parallel processes, which significantly increases the computational efficiency. We validate our workflow by testing different bin sizes, sparse transforms, thresholding approaches, and varying total iterations, which noticeably impact the resulting interpolation quality. Our developed workflow generates pseudo-3D subsurface images from densely spaced SBP profiles, with numerous potential applications for academic and industrial surveys.

Estimation of a demand system to obtain the price elasticities of water and elasticities of substitution in the Chilean industrial sector

A system of demand for inputs and productive factors is estimated to calculate the elasticities of substitution and the own-price elasticity of industrial water demand in Chile. A previous study used the Annual National Industrial Survey (ENIA) panel (1995–2014) to estimate the value of water and own-price elasticity through a translog production function. However, that database does not report the industrial firms' location to protect the informants’ statistical secrecy. In contrast, in this study, the survey ENIA 2018 is chosen since it includes the region where each firm is located, which allows for evaluating the endogeneity of the water price variable and using three instrumental variables related to the water supply. In addition, the performance of non-linear regression methods with constraints is evaluated to ensure that the estimated coefficients meet the conditions imposed by economic theory. The results show that the elasticity of industrial water demand is unitary but not statistically significant in most subsectors. The water demand in the wood and paper industry subsector is elastic (−2.2) and statistically significant. On the other hand, the elasticities of substitution obtained adopt values very low, indicating that water is an essential resource that is difficult to replace by other inputs or productive factors.

Evaluation of Human Resources Pillars in Industry Readiness Index to Transform towards Industry 4.0

Developed countries have implemented Industry 4.0 in the process and manufacturing industry sectors. Industry 4.0 transformation will positively impact the industry and the country. Indonesia introduced a guide for the industry in transforming to Industry 4.0 in its action for Making Indonesia 4.0. The Indonesia Industry 4.0 Readiness Index (INDI 4.0) is presented to assist the industry in carrying out transformations, with the pillar of human resources as the highest parameter. It is necessary to conduct an early evaluation of the industry to introduce INDI 4.0. This research aims to evaluate the level of industry readiness in transforming to Industry 4.0. The method in this study used a survey of Small and Medium Industries (SMI=IKM) in Bogor City. Three SMIs were selected for interviews according to INDI 4.0 guidelines and Toolbox Industrie 4.0. The evaluation results using the INDI 4.0 guidelines show that SMI A has a higher level of readiness, followed by SMI C and B. In line with the results of the INDI 4.0 assessment, Toolbox Industrie 4.0 also has the same results. SMI A has a higher level of readiness, followed by SMI C and B. In Toolbox Industrie 4.0, there is no element of assessment for human resources due to cultural differences between Germany and Indonesia, which still require special attention for human resources.

Factors influencing smart facilities management – Stakeholder perspectives and the implication

Smart facilities management (FM), which embraces innovative solutions, integrates the operation of the city, the built environment and the people to achieve social, economic and environment sustainability. While previous studies investigated how to improve the smartness at the city and building levels, very few studies examined the application of smart technologies at the industry level. As FM industry connects the city and the buildings, its role in facilitating smart city development should be reinforced. This study depicts a smart FM ecosystem, on which a mixed method investigation into smart technologies application in the FM industry was conducted. The investigation is divided into two parts: in-depth interviews and an industry survey with FM professionals. Based on the findings from the interviews, a questionnaire was designed for survey implementation. The Kruskal–Wallis H test, AHP-based ranking, factor analysis and path analysis methods were used to analyse the survey results. A total of 14 factors were identified, along with their importance rankings, and were consolidated into three key factors. To illustrate the key factors and their relationships, an example of implementation of the EV-charging at Home Subsidy Scheme is provided.

Enterprise Informality in India: The Blind Spots in Public Policy

AbstractAn essential characteristic of firm size distribution patterns in developing countries including India, is a bimodal distribution with a “missing middle”, which is widely accepted in development economics. We analyse data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), National Sample Survey (NSS) and Economic Census to assess the firm size structure of the whole non-farm sector. The contribution of the paper is that for the first time a comprehensive database is constructed to enable analysis of the size structure of India’s non-farm enterprises. The second contribution is that we find a deep distortion in India, with even a “small”-scale sector being very small, relatively. We examine briefly the policy-related causes that make India an outlier even among Asian economies in respect of size structure of enterprises. Finally, we argue that the historically policy-induced informality of enterprises is being entrenched by the current hiatus in state policy in even recognising the true nature of the problem of micro, small & medium enterprises (MSMEs), which holds back both their growth and employment.

(Invited, Digital Presentation) Discovery to Product: A Reflection on the Path from Electrochemical Materials Research to Traction Batteries to the Commercialization of Electric Vehicles

We live in an age wherein many industry analysts and surveys indicate that within the not-too-distant future, perhaps within 10 years, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) will outsell vehicles employing internal combustion engines. How did we arrive at this point in history?In this talk, I will overview some of the key drivers I’ve seen in my nearly four decades of work on the research, development, and commercialization of BEVs. The path I’ve witnessed has been highly nonlinear, making trend predictions along the way difficult. Collaborations, including Public-Private Partnerships, Joint Ventures, and relationships, have been of vital importance. In addition, I’ve found that in attempting to participate in the path of invention to commercialization, having a firm basis on governing foundational principles is an indispensable asset. In my case, learning from predecessors and colleagues about electrochemical materials and characterization and elements of battery cell modeling provided the requisite foundation.Last, I’ll note that clear and compelling communication within a company and externally is necessary to bring inventions to innovation and commercialization. It is only through such communications that necessary resource allocation emerges.

Metabolism and Excretion of Therapeutic Peptides: Current Industry Practices, Perspectives, and Recommendations.

Therapeutic peptides (TPeps) have expanded from the initial endogenous peptides to complex modified peptides through medicinal chemistry efforts for almost a century. Different from small molecules and large proteins, the diverse submodalities of TPeps have distinct structures and carry different absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. There is no distinct regulatory guidance for the industry on conducting ADME studies (what, how, and when) for TPeps. Therefore, the Peptide ADME Working Group sponsored by the Translational and ADME Sciences Leadership Group of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ) was formed with the goal to develop a white paper focusing on metabolism and excretion studies to support discovery and development of TPeps. In this paper, the key learnings from an IQ industry survey and U.S. Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency submission documents of TPeps approved between 2011 and 2022 are outlined in detail. In addition, a comprehensive assessment of in vitro and in vivo metabolism and excretion studies, mitigation strategies for TPep metabolism, analytical tools to conduct studies, regulatory status, and Metabolites in Safety Testing considerations are provided. Finally, an industry recommendation on conducting metabolism and excretion studies is proposed for regulatory filing of TPeps. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This white paper presents current industry practices for metabolism and excretion studies of therapeutic peptides based on an industry survey, regulatory submission documents, and expert opinions from the participants in the Peptide Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion Working Group of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development. The group also provides recommendations on the Metabolites in Safety Testing considerations and metabolism and excretion studies for regulatory filing of therapeutic peptides.

Mindfulness and workplace ostracism in the post-pandemic work from home arrangement: moderating the effect of perceived organizational support

PurposeSweeping changes are underway in the world of work where new work-models such as permanent work-from home mandates are being implemented by many organizations in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although cost benefits for organizations are obvious from such measures, little is known about how emotions of employees are affected by such measures. A recent industry survey reveals that some employees feel that they are being ostracized from their normal workplace while others are being allowed to return to their normal office settings. However, there appears to be dearth of empirical studies on how employees are coping with workplace ostracism (WO), and whether such emotions are related to factors such as their levels of mindfulness and perceived organizational support (POS). Therefore, this study deploys the stress and coping theory to suggest that individuals with high levels of mindfulness are less likely to experience WO, and that such a relationship is further moderated by POS.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses developed in this study are tested through survey data collected from 240 employees who work for various large organizations in Oman. Eligible respondents are employees who have been directed by their employers to continue to work from home even after a large portion of their colleagues have returned to their physical offices.FindingsThe data is analyzed with R Core Team software. The findings reveal that employees with high levels of mindfulness reported lower levels of WO. Furthermore, POS moderates the inverse relationship between mindfulness and WO at moderate and high levels of POS but not when organizational support is perceived to be at low levels.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suffers from several limitations. First, the study is cross-sectional in nature and does not capture how the perceptions of workplace ostracism change over time. Considering that majority of the new directives to employees to permanently work from their remote locations are quite recent. Second, this study posits the effect of mindfulness as a trait on WO and does not consider other constructs. Third, the demographic details of the respondents indicates that bulk of the employees that were asked by their employers to continue to work from home even after the COVID-19 restrictions were lifted were women (68%).Practical implicationsPractically, the relationships between mindfulness, perceived organizational support and workplace ostracism provide useful managerial knowledge. This is particularly important considering the fact that the influence on employee perceptions due to these new work models are yet to be fully realized. As a result, managers can fine-tune their organizational communication and their training programs toward developing awareness of the present among employees to enable them to appraise new organizational policies from a more holistic long-term perspective. Additionally, the management can also emphasize sufficient material and psychological support for employees that are required to remain working from home.Originality/valueThis study appears to be among the first empirical research that provides evidence on the inverse relationship between mindfulness and WO, especially in the context of the new work-models in the post pandemic period. Additionally, the study demonstrates that moderate to high levels of POS can further mitigate WO among individuals with higher levels of mindfulness.

Underwater surveys reveal deep-sea corals in newly explored regions of the southwest Atlantic

Deep-sea coral distribution and composition are unknown in much of the global ocean, but repurposing ocean industry surveys can fill that gap. In Santos Basin, southeast Brazil, areas (241–963 m depth) were surveyed during seven Petrobras cruises, mapping bottom topography with multibeam sonar, then collecting video with remotely operated vehicles. Here, we defined deep-sea coral species distribution and richness, using these surveys, correlating them to physical oceanographic properties. Solenosmilia variabilis was the most prevalent colonial species in coral mounds. Overall, 67% of species were Octocorallia. Coral assemblage structure, abundance, and richness varied among sites both within and among depths, with higher density and richness in the northernmost Santos basin. Depth was the strongest predictor for scleractinian coral distribution, with depth ranges varying by species. Assemblage differences corresponded to changes in water mass. Desmophyllum pertusum was more abundant in South Atlantic Central Water and S. variabilis in Antarctic Intermediate Water influenced areas.

Geomorphologic control on the evolution of Middle-Late Miocene submarine channels in the Southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

The Clifdenian-Tongaporutuan interval in the Southern Taranaki Basin experienced significant activity by turbidity flows during the Middle to Late Miocene, resulting in the formation and burial of several submarine channels. The chronological evolution of these channels is difficult to prove due to their architectures, repeated cut-and-fill, stacking patterns, erosive and erosional natures, and spatial-temporal interactions. In this study, high-quality 3D seismic reflection data from three industrial seismic reflection surveys, combined with five exploration industrial standard wellbore data, were used to analyze the geomorphologic controls on the evolution of fourteen channels within the Clifdenian-Tongaporutuan interval (Middle to Late Miocene) of the southern Taranaki Basin. Our seismic geomorphological analysis, which included seismic facies, slicing, and seismic attribute techniques, revealed that the channels can be classified into two main groups: isolated and amalgamated stacks. These groups may further include high sinuosity-meandering, low sinuosity-meandering, and straight channels. Additionally, gamma-ray logs indicated cylindrical, bell, and serrated trends of sandstone within a thick shale interval, indicating the presence of submarine channels in the study area. Furthermore, the complex spatial interactions of the channels, including architectural variation, and their temporal evolution reflect the activities of different turbidity flow regimes and the interaction with seafloor topography. These interactions, along with a balance between waxing and waning energy phases, influenced the evolution, architecture, and scale of the channels. Importantly, the eustatic sea-level fall in the late Waiauan at approximately 13 Ma, increased clastic sediment supply (climate) and tectonic activities related to rifting and contraction in the Middle Miocene played a significant role in shaping the channels. The workflow, integrated analysis, findings, and the unique case study area presented in this study contribute to research on submarine channels and provide insights into seismic geomorphology, seismic attributes, paleoenvironment reconstruction, the Taranaki Basin, climate, sea-level, and tectonics.

Mapping and Change Assessment of Captive Limestone Mining Areas Using Landsat-5/8 Images

Limestone is a non-metallic mineral extensively used in cement manufacturing and construction sector. Extensive mineral mining processes impact the environment. The study aims to map and evaluate the limestone mining area change at the Yerraguntla industrial zone in the YSR district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) are computed from the Landsat-5/8 images using Quantum GIS (QGIS) software. Experimental results show that the limestone mining area increases from 307 ha to 469.92 ha during 2005-2019. NDVI method is more effective than MSAVI in change assessment of limestone mining areas with overall accuracy of 87.75 % and 79.49 % and kappa coefficient of 0.89 and 0.62 respectively in 2019. The finding is compared with industry field survey reports (487.10 ha). This study contributes to the limestone mining industry management in developing a land-environmental management plan for the long-term sustainability of limestone mining.

Cost and Time Over Run in Construction Projects

Abstract: Construction industry is one of the biggest and fast-growing industry in India which is providing employment to millions of people and also contributing for economic development of nation. But the major and common problem faced by this industry is cost overrun and time overrun. Therefore, there is need to study this topic. This research paper will help to understand cost and time overrun in construction project. Hence the main aim of these paper is to identify the factors affecting cost overrun and time overrun in construction project and provide suitable strategies to avoid it. Method used in this research is both quantitative and qualitative method. Interviews were taken from some of the experienced professionals in this industry and questionnaire survey is conducted to collect data from the respondent from contractor, consultant, clients and students. Total 81 respondent participated in the survey. From the result it is seen that for estimating cost, 73% respondent and for estimating time, 89% respondent use combination of calculation and experience. From the study it is also understood that the problem of cost and time control is not only about the techniques being used it is also about the poor management of techniques and poor supervision. Cost overrun refers to when project goes beyond the estimated cost and factors affecting cost overrun is Poor Estimate, Design changes, Scope creep, Delays, Inflation, Poor project management, Unforeseen site conditions, Material and labour cost fluctuations and Contractual disputes. Time overrun is when project get delayed beyond estimated schedule and factors affecting time overrun is Project Planning, Design Changes, Weather Conditions, Workforce Productivity, Unforeseen Conditions, Regulatory and Permitting Issues, Coordination and Communication. Based on this recommendation were given with some strategies to avoid cost and time overrun in construction projects they are Accurate cost estimation, Risk assessment, Effective project management, change management and Communication. Further research is required in project control providing a checklist for the same, so that major points can be taken care of

Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Green Development Progress Level of Private Enterprises in China: Based on Large Collection Surveys

As the market subject of China’s economic development, private enterprises play an important role in fighting against pollution and solving ecological and environmental problems. It is especially important to evaluate the green development progress of Chinese private enterprises in the epidemic era. This paper conducts a questionnaire survey on 10,623 private enterprises in 31 provinces of China, and based on 6223 industrial survey results, it focuses on the production and operation status of private enterprises in terms of pollution reduction performance, energy saving, and carbon reduction intensity in order to construct a green development progress index. The spatial Moran index test and the spatial Durbin model are used to analyze the regional correlations and influencing factors of green development progress in China. The results show that the green development of enterprises with a main business income of more than 100 million CNY and key areas such as Fenwei Plain have improved significantly in 2021, especially with the increase in a private enterprise scale, the carbon reduction regime, the pollution abatement regime, and the pollution control manner, and because the investment, profitability, and pollution discharge of private enterprises is more significant. The indexes of the provinces in the southeast coastal area and the northeastern region of China are the highest and lowest, respectively, in terms of pollution, which is demonstrated by the spatial aggregation effect on the surrounding areas by Moran local index analysis. The urbanization level and government financial support for environmental protection are just two of the negative factors regarding this issue, while the economic development level and industrial structure are positive factors that have a spatial spillover effect.

Economic viability analysis of recycling waste plastic as aggregates in green sustainable concrete

Plastic waste management is one of the major global challenges at present. Recycling single used plastic waste as partial replacement of natural aggregates in concrete may reduce problems regarding mismanagement of plastic waste and unsustainable utilisation of natural resources as aggregates. This concept has been explored in many studies and positive results are obtained, but it has not been materialized at a large scale due to the uncertainty regarding economic viability. The present study therefore focuses on the economic aspects of using Polyethylene based fine aggregates and Polyethylene Terephthalate based coarse aggregates as partial replacement (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) of natural fine and coarse aggregates separately and simultaneously, with special emphasis given on environmental and social cost. A material flow diagram using STAN is first developed to calculate plastic waste generation. An industrial survey has been conducted to estimate production cost of plastic aggregates, while social cost as WTP is determined through CVM method. The result shows that the total cost of concrete decreases with increase of replacement percentage and cost reduction varies between 0.65% and 7.58% compare to conventional concrete depending on the percentage and type of replacement without compromising strength. So, alongside being hugely beneficial to environment and society in terms of reduction of leachate and greenhouse gas generation, micro-plastic pollution, requirement of landfill area, mosquito borne diseases, erosion, sedimentation, land loss etc.; the concept of recycling plastic waste as partial replacement of natural aggregates in concrete has been proved to be economically viable and beneficial too.

Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective on the Non-Clinical Evaluation of Novel Excipients: Results From an Industry Survey Conducted by the IQ Novel Excipient Working Group.

Excipients are essential components within drug products that contribute significantly to their overall quality, effectiveness, and safety. There is a lack of global, harmonized guidance relating to the non-clinical testing of novel excipients which is perceived to create uncertainty and strategic risk, potentially hindering innovation and disincentivizing their use. To test these perceptions, the IQ Novel Excipient Working Group surveyed member companies regarding their main concerns and prior experience regarding the non-clinical evaluation of excipients. Of the 19 respondents, 13 provided, collectively, 33 non-clinical program examples supporting the development of novel excipients. Programs were distributed across a range of therapeutic areas and included a variety of drug modalities and administration routes. Package designs were variable, but where possible, employed the use of existing data, supplemented with new toxicology studies as appropriate. Of the programs which had submitted data to regional health authorities, only three received feedback requesting additional studies or that demonstrated differences in regional opinion. In addition, companies provided recommendations on how the current (or new) guidance related to non-clinical excipient evaluation (and other areas, such as Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls and databases) may be improved.

“Everyone freaks out when the leaks are made”: data leaks, investigative journalism and intelligence practice

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the history of data leaks and investigative journalism, the techniques and technology that enable them and their influence in Australia and abroad. It explores the ethical and professional considerations of investigative journalists, how they approach privacy and information-sharing and how this differs from intelligence practice in government and industry. The paper assesses the strengths and limitations of Collaborative Investigative Reporting based on Information Leaks (CIRIL) as a kind of public-facing intelligence practice.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on academic literature, source material from investigations by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and the Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project, and a survey of financial crime compliance professionals conducted in 2022.FindingsThe paper identifies three key causal factors that have enabled the rise of CIRIL even as traditional journalism has declined: the digital storage of information; increasing public interest in offshore finance and tax evasion; and “virtual newsrooms” enabled by internet communications. It concludes that the primary strength of CIRIL is its creation of complex global narratives to inform the public about corruption and tax evasion, while its key weakness is that the scale and breadth of the data released makes it difficult to focus on likely criminal activity. Results of a survey of industry and government professionals indicate that CIRIL is generally more effective as public information than as an investigative resource, owing to the volume, age and quality of information released. However, the trends enabling CIRIL are likely to continue, and this means that governments and financial institutions need to become more effective at using leaked information.Originality/valueOver the past decade, large-scale, data-driven investigative journalism projects such as the Pandora Papers and the Russian Laundromat have had a significant public impact by exposing money laundering, financial crime and corruption. These projects share certain hallmarks: the use of human intelligence, often sourced from anonymous leaks; inventive fusion of this intelligence with data from open sources; and collaboration among a global collective of investigative journalists to build a narrative. These projects prioritise informing the public. They are also an important information source for government and private sector organisations working to investigate and disrupt financial crime.

Pilot study in Hamburg on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and pandemic survey in the German funeral industry

Funeral home and crematorium workers are an important occupational group in the corona crisis. The occupational setting led to concerns about an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The seroprevalence in this occupational group is unclear. A questionnaire-based retrospective survey of funeral home and crematorium staff was conducted in December 2020. A second survey of funeral and crematorium staff was conducted 6 months later, in June 2021, to determine changes in pandemic management. Seroprevalence or vaccination status for SARS-CoV-2 was determined at these two time points. In December 2020, a seroprevalence of 2.3% (n = 1/44) was detected in funeral home and crematorium workers. In June 2021, one additional participant tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. Of the participants, 48.5% (n = 16) were vaccinated at this time. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for funeral home and crematorium workers is more similar to that of the general population in Hamburg, Germany. We found no evidence of an increased risk of infection at these two time points in our cohort. Further education on communicable diseases or appropriate protective measures in this occupational group for other infectious diseases would be useful in the future.

Experimental Study on Recycling of Brick Waste in Concrete as Coarse Aggregate

Concrete is made of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water, cement in specific mix proportion. Coarse aggregates occupy the largest volume in concrete which is one of the most widely used construction material as per industry surveys. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using brick wastes as coarse aggregate in producing concrete, this study was undertaken. Several million tons of solid waste are produced each year due to construction and demolition activities worldwide, and brick waste is one of the widest wastes. Recently, a growing number of studies have been conducted on using recycling brick waste (RBW) to produce environmentally friendly concrete. The use of brick waste (BW) as potential partial cement or aggregate replacement material is summarized in this review.

THE RIGHT-TO-REPAIR MOVEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IMPLICATIONS: A FOCUS ON THREE INDUSTRIAL SECTORS

AbstractWhile products get more challenging to repair, the right-to-repair movement aims to empower consumers in their ability to “use, modify, and repair” a device “whenever, wherever, and however” they want. Here, the best design practices and remaining challenges of three industrial sectors – namely, consumer electronics, biomedical devices, and clothing industry – are investigated in light of the right-to-repair movement. Based on literature reviews and industrial surveys, a SWOT analysis is provided for each sector, and sustainable implications for product repair readiness are drawn. Concretely, recommendations to design, develop and sell products with right-to-repair in mind are given by sector. Future directions for a more quantitative assessment and implementation of design for product repair are discussed to ensure the augmentation of the circularity and sustainability performance of products.

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction Towards Luxury Hotel Among Young Adults in Klang Valley

Tourism industry is always the major contributor to gross domestic products (GDP) in all the countries around the world. Globally, travel and tourism directly contribute approximately USD$4.7 trillion to GDP in 2020 (Lock, 2021). Tourism industry contributed 5.9 percent to the GDP of Malaysia as tourism is among the largest industries in Malaysia (Hirschmann, 2021a). Tourism industry has direct impact the hotel industry. When the tourism industry is growing aggressively, it will directly boost the business of the hotel industry. According to the 2019 Malaysia Hotel Industry Survey of Operations (2019), it shows that there is 70.2% occupancy for the luxury hotels in Malaysia in 2018. The hotel industry in Malaysia has been experiencing a massive growth before year 2020. According to the data of Tourism Malaysia, the number of hotel rooms grew to 308,210 in 2018, which is with a growth of over 80% (Poh, 2019). In 2019, there are over 700,000 hotels and resorts in the globe (Condorferries, 2021). The statistics also shows that there are over 4,400 luxury hotels with 4 and 5-star worldwide (Condorferries, 2021).However, because of the Covid-19 outbreak, the hotel industry has undergone massive losses and few luxury hotels were being shut down due to low occupancy resulting from international travel ban and movement restriction in Malaysia (Zunaira, 2021). Although the Covid-19 had led to an aggressive decrease to the hotel industry, the occupancy has risen from around 25-30% to 55-60% a few months ago due to the recovery stage of Covid-19 (Baggonkar, 2021). According to Baggonkar (2021), the occupancy of luxury hotels had a significant increase till 31 July 2021. Most youngsters are now love travelling and pursuing of staying in the luxury hotel as they like to enrich their life experiences (Site Minder, 2021). As there is a growing trend of enjoying exclusivity, it caused the growth of luxury hotels around the world.Most luxury hotels are still able to sustain because of the high level of loyalty and satisfaction of the customers. In reality, customer satisfaction is the key driver that will affect the hotel business performance (Ghaith, Mutia & Zukime, 2018 in citing Markovic & Raspor, 2010). High customer contentment will lead to high customer loyalty and intention of repurchase, thus, increase the hotel profitability (Ghaith, Mutia & Zukime, 2018). Hence, the factors influencing customer satisfaction towards luxury hotels is considered as a highly important issue for hotel industry. Customer satisfaction is the vital element that brings the business to be successful. When customers are satisfied, their repurchase or revisit intention will be increased. Hence, it will bring the continuous increase of profitability for the hotel as well. When the luxury hotel provides personalization service to their guests, it will lead to higher customer satisfaction.