Changes In Industrial Structure Research Articles

A model for automated technological surveillance of web portals and social networks

Technology can influence the reduction of operational costs, quality control, increase scale or can be a competitive advantage for industry. It influences industry structural changes and could create new industries. On the other hand, without enough investments it can limit the growth of an industrial sector. Therefore, a systemic understanding of the technological scenario is necessary. Several organizations have implemented Technology Surveillance systems (TS) to execute structured processes in order to identify and monitor technologies from formal sources of information, such as scientific articles and patents. However, with the ever smaller cycles of technological innovation and an unprecedented volume of information passing through different digital channels, like portals, specialized databases and social networks, the technological monitoring has become a challenge, especially with the current Big Data scenarios. This work presents a conceptual model and architecture for technology surveillance automated systems from web portals and social networks sources. The model is divided into four key modules (collection, preparation, analysis and diffusion) and two auxiliary ones (parameterization and persistence). To evaluate this approach a case study was carried out in which a computer system prototype was developed and implemented in an organization. The results demonstrated its feasibility and the developed system is still in use today.

High-speed rail accessibility and haze pollution in China: A spatial econometrics perspective

With deteriorating air quality in Chinese cities, high-speed rail (HSR) has attracted serious attention as an efficient transportation system to contain haze pollution across the country. This study introduces the concept of HSR accessibility and applies the generalized spatial two-stage least square method to examine the effect of HSR on haze pollution in China. A time-varying difference-in-difference strategy is then employed to recognize the causality from HSR to the haze pollution and eliminate endogeneity. Based on a panel dataset comprising 285 cities over 2010–2018, we find a negative effect of HSR accessibility on haze pollution. An increase of one standard deviation in HSR accessibility reduces PM2.5 concentration by 0.22%. However, the HSR pollution reduction effect varies significantly across cities. It is found that HSR can reduce haze pollution by improving the efficiency of resource allocation as well as promoting industrial structure change and technological innovation. This study proposes a new solution for pollution, i.e., improving urbanization quality through intercity transport efficiency enhancement.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Freight Demand Based on Input-Output Model

Freight demand is a highly variable process over economic and industrial structure, and accurate freight demand forecasting is the basis of transportation planning. In order to clarify the influencing factors of freight volume so as to analyze and predict the change trend of freight volume accurately, this paper analyzes the impact of changes in economic, industrial structure, and complete consumption coefficients on freight demand, through constructing an input-output model for transportation value analysis and forecasting freight volume by fitting data of transportation value and freight traffic. Studies have shown that the growth in economic aggregate is the main reason for the increase in the value of transportation, and the change in the complete consumption coefficient is the main reason for the increase in freight traffic.

Driving Factors of Decoupling between Economic Development and Water Consumption in Food and Energy in North-West China—Based on the Tapio-LMDI Method

The shortage of water resources has become a notable bottleneck, restricting the economic development of many countries and areas around the word, especially that of North-west China. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province are important energy bases and food production areas in North-west China. However, the region is suffering from perennial drought and water shortage, which has become the most significant shortcoming for energy and food production. Guiding the decoupling between regional economic development and water consumption is a critical way to achieve sustainable development. Based on the analysis of the food and energy production value and their water consumption in North-west China from 2009 to 2019, this paper uses the Tapio model to analyze the decoupling relationship between food, energy production, and water consumption, and uses the Logarithmic Mean Divisional Index (LMDI) model to analyze the driving factors affecting decoupling. The results show that most water consumption for food and energy production in North-west China is out of the ideal strong decoupling, the decoupling status is unstable, and re-coupling occurs frequently. The increase in water intensity and the change in industrial structure are the promoting factors of decoupling between production value and water consumption in food and energy in North-west China, while the increase in production value and population size are the main restraining factors. Therefore, in pursuit of strong decoupling, the government should guide the food and energy industry to move toward implementing in water saving measures through policies and promote the enthusiasm and efficiency of the labor force through financial support and other ways. Moreover, ecological protective measures are needed to be strengthened, such as water source protection, and sewage treatment.

A Study on Industrial Structural Change and Economic Inducement Effect of Indian Transportation Service Industry

A Study on Industrial Structural Change and Economic Inducement Effect of Indian Transportation Service Industry

Fluorescence spectroscopy of CDOM in urbanized waters across gradients of development/industrialization of China

The optical signature of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) has been related to sources and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters, but the spatial scope of previous research has been limited to single cities with no studies exploring patterns across gradients of development/industrialization or latitude. Using EEM (excitation emission matrix) techniques, a study was conducted to examine optical properties of CDOM in urban waters along a gradient of urban development (developed and undeveloped cities) and industries (primary, secondary, tertiary). The optical properties of CDOM were measured in 436 water samples collected from urbanized waterbodies spanning 93 cities across China. Results showed marked differences of DOM composition for different level of urban development and for different types of dominant industries. The mean aCDOM(254) for developed cities (14.31 m−1) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of undeveloped cities (18.01 m−1). The intensity of the tryptophan-like component (Q2) of CDOM was significantly higher for developed cities (0.98 ×1010 nm) than for undeveloped cities (4.6 ×109 nm), whereas the humic-like component (Q5) intensity was significantly lower for undeveloped cities (19.80 ×1010 nm) than for developed cities (16.26 ×1010 nm). Regression analysis showed that the Q5 component was mainly (and positively) influenced by secondary industries, while Q2 was mainly affected by both tertiary and secondary industries. The proportion of allochthonous CDOM increased significantly with latitude from south to north with the minimum increased percentage of 67% for humification index (HIX) within different urban development degrees. These findings indicate that changes in urban development, human activities and industrial structure could alter DOM sources and composition in urbanized waterbodies. These findings are relevant to the management of urban water resources in regions experiencing rapid urban and industrial expansion, and add to our understanding of carbon cycling in urbanized freshwater ecosystems.

Special Issue on Application of Robot and AI

Due to changes in the global industrial structure, the number of employees in the manufacturing industry has decreased in developed countries. One of solutions to this situation offered in Industry 4.0 is “the utilization of robots and AI as alternatives to skilled workers.” This solution has been applied to various operations conventionally performed by skilled workers and has yielded consistent results. A skilled worker has two skills, namely, “physical operation skill” and “decision making skill,” which correspond to the utilization of robots and AI, respectively. Conventionally, robots have simply played back programs they were taught. However, owing to feedback technologies using force, position, or various other sensors, robots have come to be able to perform smart operations. In some of these, the capabilities of robots exceed those of human workers. For example, while humans are highly adaptive to various operations, it is difficult for them to maintain a constant force or position for long periods of time. Generally, humans make decisions about operations according to their experience, and this experience is gained from many instances of trial and error. Now, the trial-and-error learning of AI has become significantly superior to that of humans in terms of both number and speed. As a result, many systems can find operational strategies or answers much faster than humans can. This special issue features papers on robot hands, path planning, kinematics, and AI. Papers related to robot hands present an actuator using new principles, new movements, and the realization of the precise sense of the human hand. Papers related to path planning present path generation on the basis of CAD data, path generation using image processing, automatic path generation on the basis of environmental information, and the prediction of error and correction. Path generation using VR technology and error compensation using an AI technique are also presented. A paper related to kinematics presents the analysis and evaluation of a new mechanism with the aim of new applications in the field of machining. In closing, I would like to thank the authors, reviewers, and editors, without whose hard work and earnest cooperation this issue could not have been completed and presented.

Technological innovation and structural change for economic development in China as an emerging market

As an emerging and transforming market, China has emphasized the key role of technological innovation and industrial structural change in economic growth. Using a nonlinear econometric model and provincial data from 2000 to 2014, this study investigates the direction of technological innovation and structural change for driving China's economic growth. From a national perspective, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between technological progress and economic growth, revealing a need to shift the technological progress approach from imitation to innovation. Once the turning point is reached, structural upgrading stimulates China's economic growth. Regional heterogeneity is apparent in regional regression. Both energy-saving and environmental conservation technologies positively contribute to the eastern and central regions’ economies, while only environmental conservation technology accelerates the western region's economic development. On structural adjustment, central areas should utilize industrialization and achieve sustainable development, whereas the eastern and western regions do not benefit from industrial structural change. The study's findings can be applied to design policies and strategies that could promote sustainable economic growth through technological innovation and structural change.

Understanding the impact of land finance on industrial structure change in China: Insights from a spatial econometric analysis

Land finance has played an essential role in China’s fiscal system, and the use of such in the future will impact the development of the industry. Introducing the terms land transfer-centered (LTC) mode and land investment-centered (LIC) mode, for land finance, this study aims to understand the relationship between land finance and industrial structure change by incorporating spatial factors. Using panel data at the Chinese prefecture-level from 2004 to 2017, the dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM) was applied. The empirical results indicate that the industrial structures of the cities have spatial dependence. Furthermore, the employment of the LTC and LIC modes resulted in different industrial structures, both in focal and adjacent cities. Specifically, the LTC mode, which helps the government to gain land conveyance revenue, cannot boost the optimization of industrial structure. In a LIC mode where the agreement-based land transfer area is expanded, the advancement of industrial structure is hindered, while a LIC mode that increases the agreement-based land transfer price can facilitate the upgrade of industrial structure to some extent. Additionally, the spatial spillover effects of land finance suggest there are interregional competition and imitation, with negative effects on industrial structure change in adjacent areas. Considering the overall negative effects of land finance on industrial structure advancement, specific policy guidelines are provided based on the different industrial structure change pathways that result from the two modes of land finance. Improvement of the local government’s evaluation systems and formulation of targeted and instructive land finance strategies are crucial to upgrade industrial structure.

Research on Influence of Computer Technology on Industrial Upgrading and Cooperative Evolution of Environmental Protection Fiscal Policy from Green Finance Perspective

In recent years China’s economic level has been increasing constantly traditional industrial structure and fiscal policy cannot meet existing social needs. With the continuous development of computer technology and its application field expanding, it is necessary to apply computer technology to industrial upgrading and green fiscal policy field. This paper discusses the basic situation of green industry policy, status quo of industrial upgrading and computer technology’s role in this field. Results show that both are mutually reinforcing relations between computer technology and green industries and industrial structure changes are positively correlated.

MULTIPLIER, SPILLOVER, AND FEEDBACK EFFECTS OF EMPLOYMENT IN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES: A SKILLS- AND SECTOR-BASED PERSPECTIVE

This study uses world input–output (IO) data from 1995 to 2014 to investigate the influence of economic ties on employment in the United States and China. We conclude that the job spillover in China mainly increase the number of jobs employed by the manufacturing industry and the service industry in US, especially the employment of medium- and high-skilled labors accounting for more than 90%. In the meantime, the job spillover effect in the US to China is increasing constantly, especially to the employment of low- and medium-skilled labors in manufacturing and service industries, which tend to be further enhanced. However, the main factors of employment changes on both sides that are from the changes of industrial structure, rather than the impact of foreign products. The most important thing is that the production between China and the United States doesn’t reduce the number of each other’s employment, but optimizes the employment structure of each other, forming a “win–win” situation.

The enabling technologies of industry 4.0: examining the seeds of the fourth industrial revolution

Abstract Technological revolutions mark profound transformations in socio-economic systems. They are associated with the development and diffusion of general-purpose technologies (GPTs) that display very high degrees of pervasiveness, dynamism and complementarity. This article provides an in-depth examination of the technologies underpinning the “factory of the future” as profiled by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. It contains an exploratory comparative analysis of the technological bases and the emergent patterns of development of Internet of Things, big data, cloud, robotics, artificial intelligence, and additive manufacturing. We qualify the “enabling” nature of these technologies. We then test whether, taken together and individually, they display the characteristics of generality, originality, and longevity associated with GPTs. Finally, we discuss key themes for future research on this topic from an industrial structural change perspective.

Rapidly changing coal-related city-level atmospheric mercury emissions and their driving forces

The up-to-date city-level mercury emission inventory is essential for effective mitigation policy designs due to rapid changes in energy consumption and industrial structures in Chinese cities. This study updated the atmospheric mercury emission inventory in 2015 based on the most recent information on plant-specific air pollution control devices (APCDs) and coal consumption for 45 sectors in 215 Chinese cities. Total emissions were estimated at 218 t with an uncertainty range of − 54.0% to 147%, to which coal-fired industrial boilers (CFIBs) contributed 58.1%, followed by coal-fired power plants (CFPPs, 32.7%). Mercury emissions varied significantly among cities, ranging from 0.0218 to 6.89 t. The Logistics Mean Division Index (LMDI) model was then applied to identify key factors driving mercury emission changes in 50 representative cities from 2010 to 2015. Although coal consumption increased by nearly one fifth across the 50 cities, their total emissions declined by 2.36%, largely due to energy structure adjustments and widespread installations of more efficient APCDs. However, key drivers of mercury mitigation differed widely between the cities, being driven by energy intensity improvements in Chongqing and Guangzhou (Guangdong province) and by energy structure adjustments in Wuhan (Hubei province) and Yinchuan (Ningxia province). Mitigation strategies should be tailored to reflect these differences.

Structural changes in Russia's industry: The current situation and forecast

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of change in industrial production in Russia from 2008 to 2019 across a set of indicators characterizing structural changes in industry, specifically its extractive, manufacturing, and production and distribution of electricity, gas, and water sectors. Design/Methodology/Approach: The work provides a forecast of output in the three sectors of industry using methods such as Holt's method and factor analysis, with structural shifts projected using the methods of Szalai, Ryabtsev, Gatev, and Kazinets. Findings: The empirical results show further changes in the structure of industrial production in the Russian Federation and an increase in manufacturing production at the same time due to a decrease in production by the type of activity "Mining". Practical Implications: Investors who plan to invest in the Russian Federation should bear in mind that investments in manufacturing production are advisable. Originality/value: To initiate progressive structural changes, the development and qualitative transformation of the structure of the manufacturing industry is necessary

Study on the Changes in China's Industrial Policies and Industrial Structures in Manufacturing Sector after China's Reform and Opening

As China's recent industrial advancement has changed the trade structure between Ko-rea and China from a complementary relationship to a more competitive one, the need for research on Chinese industrial policy has increased. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and evaluate changes in major industrial policies and industrial structures following China's reform and opening. We also analyze changes in the trade structure between Korea and China due to changes in China's industrial structure. Based on these analyses, we propose the following policy implications for Korea. Under the U.S.-China trade friction, China is expected to focus on a powerful science and technology strategy, promotion of the digital economy, new infrastructure construction, and the China Standard 2035 strategy. Korea needs to diversify its export market in the information and communication technology sector, prepare Korea's industrial technology protection system, and expand its participation in China's domestic market while diversifying global supply chains. Second, a response strategy is needed considering China's import growth rate in advanced manufacturing and to improve Korea's trade competitiveness. Finally, China's industrial policy is expected to evolve from simple incubation measures to a comprehensive strategy brought into harmony with the market, and further research on the creation of Chinese industrial ecosystems through policy and interaction between companies is expected.

Carbon Emission Reduction Performance of Green Biased Technology Progress: From the Perspective of Industrial Structure Adjustment

This paper uses China’s provincial panel data from 1997 to 2015 to construct the Malmquist- Luenberger productivity indicators to measure the level of green biased technology progress, and measures the change in industrial structure based on indicators of low-carbon transformation, optimization and rationalization of industrial structure, and empirically tests the impact of green biased technology progress and industrial structure adjustment on China’s provincial carbon emission intensity. The results show that green biased technology progress can significantly exert the suppression effect of carbon emission intensity through the channel of low-carbon transformation of industrial structure.

Scientific and economic basis of adaptability formation of the food industry enterprises in Ukraine

The paper is devoted to scientific and economic bases of adaptability formation of the food industry enterprises in Ukraine. While developing and implementing strategies to stimulate the food industry development in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account not only structural changes in industry, but also immediate prerequisites and ability of the participating companies to increase the level of adaptability. Modern food industry does not provide incentives for participating companies to increase the level of adaptability. In the market economy, the basic condition for the food business viability is the availability of high level of adaptability. In today's economic environment, it is important to form and maintain the competitive advantage of food business over a long period. Further research is concerned with the development of the process for improving the adaptability and implementation of initiative enterprise competitive strategy, as well as the ability to provide sustainable competitive advantages. The adaptability of the enterprise is based on the level of its competence in relation to other competing enterprises in the accumulation and use of production potential of a certain direction. The essential feature of adaptability is stability of economic potential of the enterprise, which makes it possible to create a stable market advantage. Due to the timely disclosure of the peculiarities of adaptability formation, it is possible to achieve not only the sustainable market advantage, but also the state of sustainable development of the enterprise and industry as a whole. In order to maintain and increase market share, food companies should properly carry out the process of adaptability formation, that is, consistently carry out the stage of creating initiative competitive strategy and the stage of its implementation, taking into account the internal reserves of increasing the enterprise competitiveness, due to the rational use of resource potential, modernization of existing production capacities. Thus, the main factor influencing the adaptability formation of the food enterprise is market environment, which includes real consumer needs, requests to the enterprise from suppliers and consumers, which it can meet by producing the relevant products and forming well-established system of supply and marketing.

The Neo-Industrial Role of Digital and Converged Technologies in the Russian Economy

In modern conditions, the diffusion of digital technologies into the structure of the economy is considered as one of the most effective mechanisms for transforming economic systems. The digital economy as a category has a wide content, since, in addition to production and technological features, it also includes social, economic, institutional parameters that ensure the transition to a new scientific and technological structure, characterized by the integration and interpenetration of sciences and technologies – technological convergence. In the process of diffusion of convergent technologies into the structure of the industry, its radical innovative development is expected with an exit to many times higher levels of labor productivity. This process should be called neo-industrial development, in which structural changes in industry are not sectoral, but over sectoral, convergent. At the same time, in the conditions of the transitional Russian economy, the conducted scientific and technological policy is essentially catching up and is not able to ensure the elimination of technological lag. Therefore, to implement the neo-industrial role of digital and convergent technologies in the modernization of the Russian economy, it is important to ensure the transition to a policy of advanced development.

The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China.

This paper focuses on the impact of changes in planting industry structure on carbon emissions. Based on the statistical data of the planting industry in three provinces in Northeast China from 1999 to 2018, the study calculated the carbon emissions, carbon absorptions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry by using crop parameter estimation and carbon emissions inventory estimation methods. In addition, the multiple linear regression model and panel data model were used to analyze and test the carbon emissions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry. The results show that: (1). The increase of the planting area of rice, corn, and peanuts in the three northeastern provinces of China will promote carbon emissions, while the increase of the planting area of wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and vegetables will reduce carbon emissions; (2). Fertilizer application, technological progress, and planting structure factors have a significant positive effect on net carbon sinks, among which the changes in the planting industry structure have the greatest impact on net carbon sinks. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the government, resource endowment and location advantages should be given full play to, and the internal planting structure of crops should be reasonably adjusted so as to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization.

Industrial structure change and regional regeneration from heavy industry using the landscape

Industrial structure change and regional regeneration from heavy industry using the landscape