Shutdown Of Industry Research Articles

Application aspects of generator and excitation system for process plants

The selection of a turbogenerator in a process plant should be based on: (a) available steam to produce power and reduce energy cost; and (b) maintaining plant operations during disturbances on a utility company's transmission system, thus reducing power outages and plant shutdowns. The turbine is sized to meet the requirements under (a); however, the generator and excitation system must satisfy both criteria. A properly selected generator and excitation system will allow ride-through during power system disturbances and reduce the number of industrial plant shutdowns. This paper provides some guidelines in the selection and application of generators and exciters that are important for overall industrial power system operation.

Industrial Shut-Downs and Medium-Run Factor Intensity Reversals

While short-run factor intensity reversals lead to industrial shut-downs when there are two productive factors, this paper shows that an industry can undo an intensity reversal over the medium run and avoid shutting down when there are three or more factors. Medium-run adjustment begins with a capital fixed input and extends until it has become perfectly mobile. J. Peter Neary (1978) develops a picture of adjustment with two industries and two inputs where an industry must shut down following an intensity reversal. The present study adds a third input--skilled labor or natural resources--to capital and labor.

Effects of revolution and war on Tehran's atmospheric pollution

Results of 13 years studies, on Tehran's atmosphere suspended particulates, indicate that we can deduce a correlation between Iran's revolution in February 1979 and also start of Iran - Iraq war in September 1979 ; and fluctuations of suspended particulates concentration in Tehran's atmosphere. As histograms show prior to revolution, because of strikes and shutdown of industries; mainly in the south and west of Tehran, concentration of aerosol drops. And during and post revolution concentration of suspended particulates because of intentional conflagrations and bomb explosions and strifes, it rises considerably, but later on gradually for 4 years because of shortage of raw materials of industries which mostly till then were imported; industries partly stopped their productions and due to start of war numerous vehicles and personnels were sent out to the fronts and shortage of fuel supply and in turn decreasing traffic jams, which are one of the main sources of aerosols production in Tehran; it dropped. Later on because of more stability and organization and starting of some factories the concentration of aerosols began to rise with low rate. Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world especially from view point of particulates . During the last 13 years only two days the concentrations of aerosols were below American Primary Standard ie. 75 ug per cubic meter one day because of fuel shortage only few vehicles were in motion, and the second day because of air raids by missiles, Tehran was almost evacuated.

The nation's rivers.

The nation's rivers.