Industrial Safety Requirements Research Articles

О применении федеральных норм и правил, регулирующих организацию работ на опасных производственных объектах горно-металлургической промышленности

The article considers the regulatory and legal control of industrial safety as to the organization of safe work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation. The historical aspects of the development of the regulatory framework of occupational safety in the Russian Federation that earlier divided the requirements for the organization of safe work into occupational safety and industrial safety have been mentioned. The analysis of the systems of regulatory and legal framework of the international and Russian legislations, as well as the industrial practices of occupational safety management implies that the activities to ensure the organization of safe work must be constantly developing. The evaluation of the Russian legislation has demonstrated that the tight links between the legal areas of occupational safety and industrial safety did not consider some aspects of the requirements for industrial safety regulation. General industrial safety requirements provide for the development of regulatory and legal acts such as federal norms and rules that contain more detailed requirements for ensuring the safety of workflows, employees, and other specific types of activities. In order to resolve the issues of the organization of safe work, the Federal norms and rules «Ensuring industrial safety in the organization of work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry» approved by the Order of Rostechnadzor on November 13, 2020, № 440 (hereinafter FNP), were developed. When developing the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety, the entire range of requirements for the safety of the organization of various jobs has been analyzed; the requirements for the work organization at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry have been formulated. Earlier, these jobs were regulated only by the requirements contained in the regulatory and legal acts of occupational safety. The article refers to the sections of the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety where classification of the types of jobs at hazardous production facilities at the current stage are explained as the basis for further development of legal regulation. Explanations for the following sections are provided: on the work organization during operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment and building construction and repairs; on determining and controlling high-risk jobs; on organizational and engineering measures regulating high-risk jobs; on work permits for high-risk jobs; and on the decision-making when choosing safety tools for the work organization. The current aspects of regulatory and legal control over high-risk jobs contained in the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety will be a significant contribution to the understanding of occupational safety processes as to their use by senior officials of enterprises in order to ensure further reduction of accident rate at enterprises of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation.

О применении федеральных норм и правил, регулирующих организацию работ на опасных производственных объектах горно-металлургической промышленности

The article considers the regulatory and legal control of industrial safety as to the organization of safe work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation. The historical aspects of the development of the regulatory framework of occupational safety in the Russian Federation that earlier divided the requirements for the organization of safe work into occupational safety and industrial safety have been mentioned. The analysis of the systems of regulatory and legal framework of the international and Russian legislations, as well as the industrial practices of occupational safety management implies that the activities to ensure the organization of safe work must be constantly developing. The evaluation of the Russian legislation has demonstrated that the tight links between the legal areas of occupational safety and industrial safety did not consider some aspects of the requirements for industrial safety regulation. General industrial safety requirements provide for the development of regulatory and legal acts such as federal norms and rules that contain more detailed requirements for ensuring the safety of workflows, employees, and other specific types of activities. In order to resolve the issues of the organization of safe work, the Federal norms and rules «Ensuring industrial safety in the organization of work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry» approved by the Order of Rostechnadzor on November 13, 2020, № 440 (hereinafter FNP), were developed. When developing the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety, the entire range of requirements for the safety of the organization of various jobs has been analyzed; the requirements for the work organization at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry have been formulated. Earlier, these jobs were regulated only by the requirements contained in the regulatory and legal acts of occupational safety. The article refers to the sections of the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety where classification of the types of jobs at hazardous production facilities at the current stage are explained as the basis for further development of legal regulation. Explanations for the following sections are provided: on the work organization during operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment and building construction and repairs; on determining and controlling high-risk jobs; on organizational and engineering measures regulating high-risk jobs; on work permits for high-risk jobs; and on the decision-making when choosing safety tools for the work organization. The current aspects of regulatory and legal control over high-risk jobs contained in the Federal norms and rules for industrial safety will be a significant contribution to the understanding of occupational safety processes as to their use by senior officials of enterprises in order to ensure further reduction of accident rate at enterprises of the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation.

Модель мониторинга охраны опасных производственных объектов от лесных пожаров

The methodological analysis of the requirements for the prevention of forest fire onset and spread has demonstrated that at the design, development, and maintenance of forest sites, it is required to apply various proven methods enabling the assessment of risk of damage to hazardous production facilities protected from forest fires (upper and ground fires) via the selection of fire protection measures in forests, such as forest fire prevention, fire hazard and forest fire monitoring in forests, and forest fire extinguishing. The expert method, the system analysis methods, and the methods of management theory and decision-making were applied in order to solve the problems. The topicality of the study covered in the article is the analysis of fire safety requirements in forests and the development of informational and analytical support for the decision-making when evaluating the probability of the onset of forest fire and the risk of damage to the adjacent hazardous production facilities caused by a forest fire (upper fire, ground fire) in accordance with the calculation methodologies applied for specific situations, based on the expert method. The industrial safety management system and the industrial safety requirements must ensure the identification, analysis, and forecast of accident risk at hazardous production facilities, as well as the planning and implementation of fire safety measures and risk reduction. The scope of studies is industrial facilities, the Federal Forestry Agency, expert activities, activities of insurance companies, scientific activities, and individuals competent in forest fire safety (experts). To ensure the fire safety of hazardous production facilities, it is required to assess the risk of the onset and spread of a forest fire (upper fire, ground fire). In order to determine a safe allocation of forest stands and ensure the safe operation of firefighting subdivisions during forest fire extinguishing, it is required to apply the proposed expert method associated with the control of activities of the body responsible for the implementation of measures of planning, development and maintenance of forest stands at the exercise of official powers.

An integrated approach to safety in the design and operation of open-pit mining facilities

The article presents a pioneering integrated approach to assessing compliance with environmental, fire, industrial safety, and labor protection requirements in open-pit mining operations. The study was conducted at two existing open-pit mining facilities located in the Trans-Baikal Territory of the Russian Federation, analyzing the causes of injuries, statistical data, and comparing the mining technologies used. The key findings emphasize that the efficiency of deposit development and the safety of mining operations are heavily dependent on the quality of the technical design. The article also discusses software systems used for the design of mining facilities, which enable monitoring of the safety and labor protection aspects during quarry operation. The results of the comparative analysis are expected to be of interest to both quarry design specialists and the engineering and technical personnel of existing open-pit mining facilities. This integrated approach represents a significant advancement in the field, providing a comprehensive framework for enhancing safety and operational efficiency in the mining industry.

Щодо визначення понять пожежна та техногенна безпека у кримінальному праві України

The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the object of a criminal offense under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: “Violation of fire or industrial safety requirements established by law”. The author notes that there are no comprehensive scientific studies on this issue. The author determines that the key concepts in determining the direct object of the criminal offense under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, “Violation of fire or industrial safety requirements established by law,” are the concepts of “fire safety requirements” and “industrial safety requirements.” These definitions are almost not considered in modern Ukrainian law. Moreover, there is no consideration of them in the criminal law aspect. The author states that “fire safety” and “industrial safety” should be characterized by the concept of “requirements”. The author analyses Ukrainian legislation that regulates fire and industrial safety requirements. It is concluded that compliance with fire and industrial safety requirements is imposed by law on a clearly defined range of persons. Moreover, this conceptually depends on this person’s connection with the facility where fire and industrial safety requirements must be met. All this allows us to question whether subjects may be liable for committing a criminal offense under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. This issue requires in-depth study and analysis, which may result in proposals to amend Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to form a clearly defined list of subjects of the said offense. Keywords: corpus delicti of a criminal offense, criminal liability, public safety, object of a criminal offense, fire safety requirements, technogenic safety requirements, subject of a criminal offense.

Разработка методологии создания энергоэффективных вентиляторов для аппаратов воздушного охлаждения

Introduction. Increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the mining and oil and gas sectors of the Russian economy in combination with industrial safety requirements actualizes the task of developing a methodology for creating energy-efficient fans for air cooling devices with a dominant nature-like proportionality. Research methods and materials. The research method for creating adaptive fans is based on the scientific hypothesis of a nature-like proportionality in the aerodynamics of the profiles of the impeller blades. The results of the research. In the course of research, it was established that the most significant source of increasing the efficiency of AVO fan installations is an increase in the aerodynamic quality of the profiles of the blades of their impellers as the range of angles of attack increases. Discussion of research results. The use of modifications of conformal transformations with the proposed hypothesis of nature-like proportionality makes it possible to solve the problem of improving the aerodynamic quality of the blade profiles. Conclusions of the article. The creation of fans based on the principle of nature-like proportionality makes it possible to adequately and simultaneously with minimal energy costs ensure the necessary parameters of the cooling air and the stable efficiency of heat exchangers. Suggestions for practical application and direction of future research. The research results can be obtained when creating and modernizing a wide class of high-speed axial fans.

Щодо визначення об’єкта кримінального правопорушення, передбаченого ст. 270 КК України

The purpose of the proposed article is to provide a criminal law analysis of the object of a criminal offense under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: “Violation of the fire or industrial safety requirements established by law.” The article determines that despite many scientific works devoted to the scientific analysis of the criminal law understanding of the object of a criminal offense, a relatively large number of issues have not yet received sufficient attention from scholars. This fully applies to the scientific and theoretical definition of public relations in public security as the generic object of a criminal offense. In addition, the author states that the direct object of a criminal offense under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, “Violation of the fire or industrial safety requirements established by law,” has been generally left without proper scientific analysis by modern legal scholars. The article analyzes the modern scientific works that analyze public safety as an object of a criminal offense. The author presents the central scientific positions on understanding the concept of “fire safety” as an element of the content of the concept of public safety. A certain typicality of existing scientific approaches to understanding this concept is determined. At the same time, it is stated that when conducting scientific research, one should first rely on the legal concept of fire safety given by the rulemaking in the Civil Protection Code of Ukraine. The concept of “technogenic safety” is not considered at all in the scientific works of modern legal scholars. There are no definitions of any content or content. To define this concept, it is also necessary to use the provisions of the Civil Protection Code. However, at the same time, the legal features of this concept currently need the necessary scientific study. The author notes the need for further scientific research to determine and specify the object of the criminal offense under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: “Violation of the fire or industrial safety requirements established by law”. Keywords: elements of a criminal offense, criminal liability, public safety, object of a criminal offense, fire safety, technogenic safety.

Требования охраны труда и промышленной безопасности в угольной промышленности

The article examines the system of legal and regulatory framework of occupatioal safety and industrial safety for the enterprises in the coal industry. Analysis of the international and Russian legislation showed the close relationship and interdependence of safety regulation in these areas of law. A significant contribution to the development of legal regulation of the occupational safety and industrial (production) safety was made by the conventions of the International Labor Organization. In 1995, the International Labor Organization adopted the Occupational Safety and Health in Mines Convention, which sets the norms relating to both occupational health and safety. In Russia, the key legislative acts regulating relations in the areas under consideration are the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law «On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities». The article provides an overview of the functions and powers of the federal executive authorities in the field of occupational safety and industrial safety, and also analyzes the types of regulations establishing requirements in these areas, and the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety at the coal industry facilities. Based on the conducted analysis, the following conclusion was made: organizational and technical requirements for occupational safety are in systemic unity with the industrial safety requirements established in federal standards and regulations. Other occupational safety requirements aimed at ensuring a system for preserving the life and health of the employees in the process of work should be established in the Occupational health and safety rules for the employees in the coal industry.

О возможности единых и контрпродуктивности одинаковых критериев оценки риска промышленной аварии

The risk-oriented approach in ensuring industrial safety is intended to orient industrialists, supervisory authorities and the expert community in the existing emergency hazards and threats of today industrial Russia. In recent decades, there is a dangerous trend of opportunistic introduction of universal criteria for safe operation. In fact, instead of a risk-oriented approach, a risk-prescriptive approach is proposed. Any risk assessment methodology is only a means for measuring hazard, and is not at all a guarantor or a witness of compliance with safety. In order to eliminate measurement errors as much as possible, it is required to evaluate not the absolute level of accident hazard, but the relative one. The tools for measuring hazard (accident risk assessment at a hazardous production facility) cannot give a reliable, comprehensive conclusion about the safety of a hazardous production facility. Safety is not a mechanistic absence of hazard, but a systemic property of the technical-social system «source of hazard — those at risk» to function in conditions of changing hazards and threats that arise from them. Hazards are objective, and safety is a cultivated systemic property of hazardous industries to prevent the transformation of hazards into threats. In a risk-oriented approach to industrial safety, it is required to distinguish between information social engineering technology risk management (impact on ideas about hazards and threats) and organizational and technical management of a directly hazardous production facility, controlled by hazard analysis with a reliable assessment of the risk of an accident. The main criterion for ensuring the safe operation of a hazardous production facility should be considered a set of limit values of safe operation parameters and conditions for non-occurrence of emergency threats of major industrial accidents in the performance of existing industrial safety requirements. Criteria for acceptable accident risk must be established in accordance with the industry level of emergency threats. Due to the significant variety of possible causes of accidents, scenarios for their occurrence and development, a wide range of possible consequences of industrial accidents, it is not possible to establish absolutely identical, so-called «unified» criteria for acceptable accident risk for different hazardous production facilities: acceptable accident risk as a measure of acceptable hazard, cannot be accepted as a single criterion for ensuring industrial safety of a hazardous production facility. Unified criteria for assessing the risks of accidents at industrial facilities are not single and individual microscopic probabilities that are not the same for all different industries. Unified criteria are a unified set of methods for developing, establishing, testing and adopting criteria for assessing hazards using risk as a special measure of hazard.

Investigation of Plasma Electric Oxide Coating Formed on the Prototype Samples of Aluminum Plates Made of 1050 Grade

Today, the technology of hardening the surface layers of parts and the creation of protective coatings on the surface with high physical, mechanical and chemical properties are especially efficient in many industries. The article presents the studies of the most promising innovative technology for surface hardening of 1050 grade aluminum plates by plasma electrolytic oxidation method. This method allows to obtain the materials with an ultra-high melting point, high hardness, and wear resistance. Possible conditions and mechanisms for the formation of protective layers on the surface of aluminum plates to improve reliability and safety in the production of chemical industry products are considered. The influence was studied concerning the main technological parameters (alloying elements, electrical parameters, electrolyte composition) on the properties and structure of oxide ceramic coatings. The qualitative characteristics of the finished products from aluminum alloys and the surface layer of the samples showed the efficiency of the plasma electrolytic oxidation technology, which allows to obtain ceramic coatings with increased hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, and strength. When processing by plasma electrolytic oxidation in an aqueous electrolyte solution, all the industrial safety requirements are met. An alternative approach to processing by plasma electrolytic oxidation is considered, in which 1050 grade aluminum plates were used in a molten nitrate salt at a temperature of 280 °C. The microstructure, phase, chemical composition, and microhardness were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and microhardness tests. The formed coating was found to be free from electrolyte contamination, cracks and pinholes commonly found in coatings formed during plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment in an aqueous electrolyte solution.

О повышении уровня промышленной безопасности на предприятиях угольной промышленности

The article presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of the supervisory and control activities of Rostechnadzor in the field of industrial safety at hazardous production facilities of the coal industry. It is revealed that with the implementation of constant state control (supervision), the share of bans and suspensions of the activities of hazardous production facilities increased by 1.5 times, while the injury and accident rates decreased significantly. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of supervision, and the level of industrial safety in the industry. The factors (reasons and circumstances) of prohibitions and suspensions of the activities of hazardous production facilities of the coal industry due to the violations of industrial safety requirements and mining operations are considered. Suspension and prohibition of the activities means that there is a potential risk of an emergency occurence. Considering the emphasis on stimulating risk prevention, characteristic assessments of the subjects of supervision indicated in the acts of scheduled field inspections carried out in 2021 as part of the state control and supervision of compliance by coal enterprises with industrial safety requirements are highlighted in the article. When analyzing the acts of scheduled inspections, attention was paid to the presence of identified violations that could provoke an accident or incident, leading to a deviation from the established mode of the technological process and possible causing harm. It should be noted that in the inspection acts, great emphasis is placed on monitoring the condition of technical devices: fences, signaling devices, blockages, crossings, stairs, platforms, railings, etc., what applies to the subjects of supervision by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation. Therefore, in order to improve the level of industrial safety and the safety of mining operations at the coal industry enterprises, the emphasis should be placed on the adapted application of a risk-oriented approach to the subjects of supervision of a particular hazardous production facility. This approach will increase the level of industrial safety at the controlled enterprises and reduce the costs of the caused harm (damage).

IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCEDURE OF PROFESSIONAL SELECTION OF PERSONNEL FOR WORK AT HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION FACILITIES OF THE OIL REFINING INDUSTRY

The analysis of the state of accidents and injuries during the operation of hazardous production facilities of the Republic of Belarus has been carried out. It has been determined that a significant proportion of the reasons associated with the "human" factor necessitates the formation of behavioral attitudes of employees to comply with industrial safety requirements and the introduction of effective procedures for professional selection and behavioral audit of personnel to work at hazardous production facilities. The selection of methods for diagnosing professionally important qualities of personnel for work at hazardous production facilities of the oil refining industry of the Republic of Belarus was carried out using the example of the profession of an operator of technological installations. A model has been developed for assessing the professional suitability of personnel based on fuzzy inference systems. The architecture of an information system for assessing the professional suitability of personnel for work at hazardous production facilities of the oil refining industry of the Republic of Belarus is proposed.

On the issue of the place of violation of industrial safety requirements at gas supply facilities (Article 217 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

On the issue of the place of violation of industrial safety requirements at gas supply facilities (Article 217 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ТОННЕЛЬНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ НА ПОРОДЫ ПРИКОНТУРНОГО МАССИВА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДА КОНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ

The relevance of conducting research in the field of ensuring the safety and operational reliability of existing subway tunnels falling into the zone of influence of new construction based on mathematical modeling methods is substantiated - the relevance and priority of this direction is emphasized by rapidly developing environmental and industrial safety requirements for the sustainable and efficient development of new underground construction sites, taking into account the existing and functioning infrastructure. The main components of the scientific and methodological substantiation of technological solutions in the field of safety and operational reliability of existing subway tunnels that fall within the zone of influence of new construction have been developed methodology (algorithm, iterations, production rules, system of restrictions and boundary conditions, software package), characterized by the updated presence of the apparatus of numerical modeling of related geomechanical tasks in underground construction of tunnel structures and the possibility of their management and regulation.

Promising biological methods for treating oil-contaminated soils

The article analyses promising methods for treatment of oil-contaminated soils. The main tried and tested groups of oil-contaminated soil treatment methods are reviewed and concrete examples are given. The most promising group of currently used methods has been identified. The authors performed an analysis of accidents accompanied by an accidental oil or oil product spill, considered the main causes of such accidents and their consequences for the environment components using concrete examples of real organizations. The analysis established that the most frequent accidents are caused by failure and depressurization of devices as well as by human errors expressed in the violation of industrial safety requirements and the requirements of the organization of hazardous works. The analysis of the main methods of oil-contaminated soil treatment is presented, the main drawbacks and the negative impact on the environment components are identified. Based on the obtained data, the most promising method with the highest efficiency and the least impact on the components of the environment has been identified. The main groups of methods used to clean the contaminated soil are chemical and biological methods. It is revealed that the most promising group of methods are biological methods, which is associated with a minimal impact on the atmospheric air, as well as a high degree of purification. In addition, modern bioremediation and phytoremediation methods are considered in the article. The considered methods are based on the use of modern biopreparations and agrotechnical methods. These methods are based on an integrated approach, which leads to high efficiency. However, it should be noted that a high degree of treatment requires the maintenance of certain soil parameters such as temperature, moisture, acidity and mineral matter concentration.

Bridging the Pragmatic Gaps for Mixed-Criticality Systems in the Automotive Industry

An increasingly important trend in the design of safety-critical systems is the integration of components with different levels of criticality onto a common hardware platform. Mixed-criticality systems (MCSs) have been well researched in academia, but can be difficult to implement in industrial scenarios as the theoretical models underpinning the research do not sufficiently consider industrial safety practice and safety standards. In this article, we make the first attempt toward the implementation of the MCS theoretical model in industrial settings. To this end, we identify the pragmatic gaps between theory and practice, and then propose a generic industrial MCS architecture, termed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P-MCS</i> ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Practical-MCS</i> ). <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P-MCS</i> is built upon the conventional theoretical MCS model with additional considerations of industrial safety requirements: 1) runtime safety analysis, determining preserved applications in each system mode and 2) correct partitioning and isolation of different critical elements. We introduce three implementing methods for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P-MCS</i> . Corresponding to the new system architecture, we present a theoretical model and schedulability analysis (with consideration of shared resources) to ensure system predictability. Finally, we evaluate and demonstrate <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P-MCS</i> in terms of system schedulability, overheads, throughput, and predictability, along with a real-world case study. As shown in the evaluation, the considerations of industrial requirements lead to extra overheads and performance reduction in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P-MCS</i> . Such weaknesses can be considerably mitigated by hardware assistance and acceleration.

Study of international experience in the field of industrial safety

Currently, close attention is paid to industrial safety at hazardous production facilities. Compliance with industrial safety requirements is directly related to the risks of accidents that can lead to man-made disasters, negatively affect the health and life of the population. As in any other industry, there are problems in ensuring industrial safety. There are several reasons for this: the backlog of standards from scientific and technological progress, the exclusive competence of state authorized bodies, and the lack of a risk-based approach. After the collapse of the USSR, the requirements of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan have practically not changed: laws and statutory instruments (hereinafter-the LSI) are approved and put into effect, after which they are constantly changed and supplemented; the presence of national and international standards, which, in fact, are revised on the basis of the USSR standards, taking into account the influence of the realities of the time. It can be concluded that the current standards are not focused on the future, scientific and technological progress, innovation, so they are constantly undergoing changes, thereby adapting to the necessary requirements that dictate modernity. State regulation does not contribute to the effective development of industrial safety. This is due to the fact that the state performs exclusively supervisory functions (thus it is exclusively educational in nature), and there is no dialogue between authorized state bodies, expert organizations, scientific organizations, and testing laboratories. If we consider the experience of the Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety, then it makes no sense to accept even some experience, since: similar to the Kazakhstan’ LSI and regulatory and technical documentation (and their constant dynamics), the development of cooperation with the Russian Federation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. Accordingly, it is advisable to consider the experience in the field of industrial safety in Europe and the United States of America because of the effectiveness of regulation and supervision than in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. This article provides information about international experience in the field of industrial safety in the United States and the European Union. The tasks of state regulation in the field of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, the United States, and the European Union are described in detail. The analysis of normative-legal acts and normative-technical documentation is carried out. Based on the analysis of international experience, solutions to problems in the field of industrial safety for the Republic of Kazakhstan are essentially presented. The purpose of this article is to reveal the problem in the field of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan and international experience that the Republic of Kazakhstan can borrow in order to effectively ensure industrial safety. Study of international experience (USA, EU countries, Russia) in the field of industrial safety in terms of: analysis of standards; regulation (control and supervisory functions) to ensure safety. The results of this article will reflect the problems that hinder the effective provision of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan and essentially suggest ways to solve them.

МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ ПО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ ВЗРЫВОБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ УСТАНОВ-КИ ЗАМЕДЛЕННОГО КОКСОВАНИЯ НЕФТЯНЫХ ОСТАТКОВ

The article considers the main industrial safety requirements for the installation of delayed coking of oil residues. As well as the rules of industrial safety, which are important to observe at a dangerous production facility. Insufficient attention to this aspect of the activity can put the safety of work on the site at risk. And this, in turn, entails a threat to the health and life of persons working at this facili-ty.

MODELS AND ALGORITHMS TO CONTROL THE SELECTION OF RELIEF VALVES FOR CHEMICAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

The article is devoted to the topic of automation of control of the selection process or determination of the technological and structural characteristics of safety valves installed on the technological equipment of chemical plants to ensure their industrial safety. The purpose of the work was to develop models and algorithms that allow automating the determination of the above characteristics. The tasks necessary to achieve this goal have been formulated. The methods of systems analysis and the theory of artificial intelligence, as well as the methodology of structural analysis and design, functional modeling, modular and object-oriented programming, are used. The analysis of scientific and technical literature on the research topic is carried out. As a result of the analysis, no models and algorithms were identified that would automate the determination of the above characteristics. Using a systematic approach, the analysis of the process of defining the characteristics of safety valves as an object of computerization is carried out. As a result of the analysis, it was found that this process contains heuristic knowledge and can be formalized using the methods of the theory of artificial intelligence. Using the methodology of structural analysis and design, functional modeling, as well as the basic principles of system analysis, a logical-informational model for determining the technological and structural characteristics of safety valves as an organizational and technological process has been developed. Using the methods of the theory of artificial intelligence, production models have been developed for representing knowledge about safety valves; gases used in the chemical industry; design factors required to determine the desired characteristics of the safety valves. Heuristic-computational algorithms have been developed for determining the technological and design characteristics of safety valves, including the nominal pressure of the valve, the highest overpressure downstream of the valve, possible values of the nominal pressure of the outlet pipe, and the effective area of the valve "seat". The developed models and algorithms are supposed to be applied to create a problem-oriented system that will ensure the determination of the technological and structural characteristics of safety valves in an automated mode, which will significantly reduce the time spent on the procedure for selecting a brand of safety valve that meets industrial safety requirements and will also improve the quality of this procedure. ... The practical application of the created problem-oriented system will increase the economic efficiency and industrial safety of the operation of chemical plants in general. The developed models and algorithms can also be used as examples in solving the problems of automation of determining the characteristics of safety valves in other industries.

If industrial safety requirements are violated

The article discusses in detail a real case of an ongoing trial on challenging an administrative penalty imposed as a result of a violation of industrial safety standards, comments of an occupational safety specialist are given.