Industrial Raw Materials Research Articles

Perspectives on the Development of Technologies for Hydrogen as a Carrier of Sustainable Energy

Hydrogen is a prospective energy carrier because there are practically no gaseous emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere during its use as a fuel. The great benefit of hydrogen being a practically inexhaustible carbon-free fuel makes it an attractive alternative to fossil fuels. I.e., there is a circular process of energy recovery and use. Another big advantage of hydrogen as a fuel is its high energy content per unit mass compared to fossil fuels. Nowadays, hydrogen is broadly used as fuel in transport, including fuel cell applications, as a raw material in industry, and as an energy carrier for energy storage. The mass exploitation of hydrogen in energy production and industry poses some important challenges. First, there is a high price for its production compared to the price of most fossil fuels. Next, the adopted traditional methods for hydrogen production, like water splitting by electrolysis and methane reforming, lead to the additional charging of the atmosphere with carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. This fact prompts the use of renewable energy sources for electrolytic hydrogen production, like solar and wind energy, hydropower, etc. An important step in reducing the price of hydrogen as a fuel is the optimal design of supply chains for its production, distribution, and use. Another group of challenges hindering broad hydrogen utilization are storage and safety. We discuss some of the obstacles to broad hydrogen application and argue that they should be overcome by new production and storage technologies. The present review summarizes the new achievements in hydrogen application, production, and storage. The approach of optimization of supply chains for hydrogen production and distribution is considered, too.

Performance and mechanism of ammonia production by electrocatalytic nitrate reduction based on dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate hybrid

Ammonia is an essential food and fertilizer component and is a fundamental raw material for industry and agriculture. In contrast, nitrate is the main pollutant that causes eutrophication in water. Electrocatalysis is a clean and efficient method for simultaneous nitrate removal and ammonia production. However, because ammonia production from the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a complex eight-electron process with slow kinetics, designing the cathode catalyst is critical for improving the ammonia yield. In this study, boron (B) doped metal oxides (TiZn2O4@B-x) obtained by coupling dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate anions ([closo-B12H12]2−) and ZnTi-layered double hydroxides (ZnTi-LDH) after calcination was used as the cathode for the NO3RR. Specifically, TiZn2O4@B-700 exhibited excellent ammonia yield (21809.24 μg h−1 mgcat−1) and Faraday efficiency (FE) of (93.15%) at −1.8 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). Furthermore, TiZn2O4@B-700 exhibited superior cycling stability and resistance to ionic interference. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that incorporating B increased the electron transfer rate and reduced the free energy required for the rate-limiting step of ammonia production via the NO3RR, thereby increasing the ammonia yield. This study provides a new concept for designing catalysts for green ammonia synthesis.

Development of a novel green catalyzed nanostructured Cu(II) macrocyclic complex-based disposable electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of bisphenol A in environmental samples

BPA is an endocrine disruptor and the leading environmental pollutant due to its use as raw material in industries. Therefore, the present work reports the sensitive, efficient, and disposable electrochemical paper-based SPE for determining the BPA sensor using an amide-based macrocyclic complex (nanostructured complex of copper acetate with macrocyclic ligand, i.e., CuL (CH3COO)2) synthesized using Citrus limon (lemon) extract via sonication for the first time. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical analyses have been characterized by mass spectroscopy, FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD, FESEM-EDX, elemental mapping and electrochemical techniques. The sensor platform for detecting BPA was fabricated by simple drop-casting on the disposable paper-based SPE using macrocyclic complex, i.e., CuL (CH3COO)2/SPE. After optimizing the conditions, CuL (CH3COO)2/SPE electrode was employed for determining BPA via CV with a wide linear range of 31 × 10−9 μM–0.205 μM, low LOD of 0.027 nM, and high sensitivity of 49.71 μA (log nM)−1 cm−2 having correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.976 which is quite better in compared to other reported SPE sensor for detection of BPA. Further, our sensor also showed good selectivity and reproducibility, in addition to detecting BPA in environmental samples (tube well water, river water and drain water) with acceptable recoveries and RSDs values. In this work, the combination of macrocyclic complex and paper-based SPE has turned out to be a cost-effective electrochemical sensor.

In-line Raman spectroscopy for characterization of an industrial poultry raw material stream

In this work, we evaluated the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy as an in-line raw material characterization tool for industrial process control of the hydrolysis of poultry rest raw material. We established calibrations (N = 59) for fat, protein, ash (proxy for bone) and hydroxyproline (proxy for collagen) in ground poultry rest raw material. Calibrations were established in the laboratory using poultry samples with high compositional variation. Samples were measured using a wide area illumination Raman probe at varying working distance (6 cm, 9 cm, 12 cm) and probe tilt angle (0°, 30°) to mimic expected in-line variations in the measurement situation. These moderate variations did not significantly affect performance for any analytes. The obtained calibrations were tested in-line with continuous measurements of the ground poultry by-product stream at a commercial hydrolysis facility over the course of two days. Measurements were acquired under demanding conditions, e.g. large variations in working distance. Reasonable estimates of compositional trends were obtained. Validation samples (N = 19) were also reasonably well predicted, with RMSEPcorr = [0.14, 1.37, 2.36, 1.51]% for hydroxyproline, protein, fat and ash, respectively. However, there were indications that further calibration development and robustification of pre-processing would be advantageous, particularly with respect to hydroxyproline and protein models. It is the authors’ impression that with such efforts, potentially in combination with development of practical measurement setup, the use of Raman spectroscopy as a process control tool for the hydrolysis of poultry rest raw materials is within reach.

Isolation, Modification and Characterization of Cellulose from Corn Husk Waste of Puncak‐Bogor

AbstractCellulose and its derivatives are important industrial raw materials for their advantages, including abundance, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and good mechanical and thermal properties. This study aims to isolate and modify cellulose from corn husk waste of Puncak‐Bogor, Indonesia for improving the characteristics and usability of corn husk cellulose. The cellulose of corn husk was isolated with the delignification and bleaching process, by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. The modification of cellulose was carried out using alkaline and etherification stages with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in an isopropyl alcohol solvent. The presence of a peak at 898 cm−1 on the bleaching product confirmed the β‐(1,4)‐glycosidic bond of pure cellulose, while the peak at 1612.49 cm−1 on the modified cellulose product confirmed the carbonyl group of carboxymethyl cellulose. Cellulose isolated from corn husk has a crystallinity index of 76.4 % (2nd bleaching product), while CMC is 29.97 %. Cellulose (2nd bleaching product) starts to decompose at 271.8 and finishes at 642.63 °C, while CMC shows a lower decomposition temperature of 248.47 and 628.17 °C. Based on the results, it can be concluded that cellulose and CMC from Puncak‐Bogor's corn husk waste were obtained through the isolation method and modification stages in this research, respectively.

Factors affecting the independence of tri guna karya group farmers in kintamani in processing and marketing their products

Indonesia As an agrarian country, agriculture are considered as one of the sectors that contributes to economic growth by providing essential needs such as food and even raw materials for industries. The agricultural sector is still capable of maintaining positive growth and finding ways to achieve the welfare and independence of farmers through empowerment processes. This is crucial as the majority of farmers in Indonesia are categorized as poor and marginalized. One initiative in this regard is the effort made by local governments to implement programs that strengthen business capital and empowerment programs to enhance farmers' self-sufficiency. This study aimed to identify and assess the factors that impact the self-sufficiency of farmers in the processing and marketing of agricultural products in Subak-Abian Tri Guna Karya, located in Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. The type of data used in this research is quantitative and qualitative data. Data collection techniques were carried out by conducting structured interviews, observation and documentation studies. The data analysis technique in this study is to use descriptive analysis techniques and statistical analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, Based on the findings of the research, it can be deduced that the factors affecting the self-sufficiency of farmers in the marketing and processing of agricultural products are evident in Subak-Abian Tri Guna Karya, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency are the individual characteristics of farmers who are characterized by skills, capacity strengthening factors that characterized by strengthening individual capacity, and development capital factors characterized by Human Resources (HR) capital, Quality human resource development is achieved by enhancing specific individual skills (life of skill) and strengthening individual capacity building to reinforce institutional development capacity building based on the Subak institution. This approach aims to enhance individual farmers' intellectual self-sufficiency.

PENGARUH BEBERAPA TIPE PENGENDALIAN GULMA PADA PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI TUMBUHAN BAWAH DI PERKEBUNAN JABON (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser.)

Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Boser.) is commonly planted for many purposes, such as furniture, raw material for industries, and land rehabilitations. Eventhough this tree has no significant pests and diseases, weed control treatments are required. Many weed control treatments are known to affect vegetation structure of weed. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of weed control treatments to the vegetation structure of weed under Jabon plantation. This study was conducted in Kecamatan Tanah Putih Tanjung Melawan, Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Riau Province in 2012. Non Factorial Randomized Group Design with five replications was applied to perform the study. There were four treatments (glyphosate, paraquat, mixture of glyphosate and paraquat, and legume cover crop/LCC) and control. The results revealed that glyphosate and paraquat had the highest value in surpressing the weed growth as much as 34,45% and 31,11% (P>0.05) after one month application. Yet, after three months, LCC was significantly surpressed the number of weed (49,44%) (P<0.05) compared to other treatments. Among all weed species, Blumea sp. was the dominant species after one month of glyphosate and paraquat application. Nevertheless, application of glyphosate-paraquat mixture and LCC resulted Ottochloa nodosa as the dominant species after one month application.

AC-MFL testing method for surface crack on reground billets using flexible parallel-cable-based probe

Square billet is an important industrial raw material. Due to the large amount of oxidation skin on the surface after continuous casting process, it needs surface grinding treatment. Meanwhile, the billet surface is prone to stress concentrations and cracks in the crystallization zone, so it is easy to break and cause accidents in the subsequent process. However, the poor surface condition of the reground billet, such as the large roughness and fluctuations in the shape, makes it difficult to be tested by traditional methods. In this paper, the relationship between the excitation frequency of alternative current magnetic flux leakage (AC-MFL) and the fluctuation of magnetic field generated by uneven surface is studied, and the high-frequency AC leakage field formation is restated. Furthermore, a flexible probe integrating parallel cables (PC) magnetizer and receiving coils is proposed, which can realize the profiling testing and reduce the influence of the undulating surface. Finally, the wavelet transform is used to reconstruct signals, which increases the average signal-to noise ratio (SNR) from 7.25 dB to 11.89 dB.

Directions for using the Blockchain technology in the raw materials industry

Directions for using the Blockchain technology in the raw materials industry

Functional analysis on sucrose transporters in sweet potato

Sweet potato is an important food crop that can also be used as an industrial raw material. Sucrose is the main form of long-distance carbohydrate transport in plants, and sucrose transporter (SUT) regulates the transmembrane transport and distribution of sucrose during plant growth and metabolism. Moreover, SUT plays a key role in phloem mediated source-to-sink sucrose transport and physiological activities, supplying sucrose for the sink tissues. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequences of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) cloning according to the transcripts of the two SUT coding genes which were differentially expressed in sweet potato storage roots with different starch properties. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to clarify the classification of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616. The subcellular localization of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 was determined by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The function of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in sucrose and hexose absorption and transport was identified using yeast functional complementarity system. The expression pattern of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in sweet potato organs were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Arabidopsis plants heterologous expressing IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 genes were obtained using floral dip method. The differences in starch and sugar contents between transgenic and wild-type Arabidopsis were compared. The results showed IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 encoded SUT proteins with a length of 505 and 521 amino acids, respectively, and both proteins belonged to the SUT1 subfamily. IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were located in the cell membrane and were able to transport sucrose, glucose and fructose in the yeast system. In addition, IbSUT62788 was also able to transport mannose. The expression of IbSUT62788 was higher in leaves, lateral branches and main stems, and the expression of IbSUT81616 was higher in lateral branches, stems and storage roots. After IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 were heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis, the plants grew normally, but the biomass increased. The heterologous expression of IbSUT62788 increased the soluble sugar content, leaf size and 1 000-seed weight of Arabidopsis plants. Heterologous expression of IbSUT81616 increased starch accumulation in leaves and root tips and 1 000-seed weight of seeds, but decreased soluble sugar content. The results obtained in this study showed that IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 might be important genes regulating sucrose and sugar content traits in sweet potato. They might carry out physiological functions on cell membrane, such as transmembrane transport of sucrose, sucrose into and out of sink tissue, as well as transport and unloading of sucrose into phloem. The changes in traits result from their heterologous expression in Arabidopsis indicates their potential in improving the yield of other plants or crops. The results obtained in this study provide important information for revealing the functions of IbSUT62788 and IbSUT81616 in starch and glucose metabolism and formation mechanism of important quality traits in sweet potato.

Water Requirement of Major Tuber Crops: A Review

One of the most crucial input required for the growth of crops is water. It is required by plants in enormous amounts and continually throughout their lifecycle. It has a significant impact on plant processes like photosynthesis, respiration, cell division, absorption, translocation, use of mineral nutrients and agriculture operations like irrigation, land husbandry, crop production, medium for spraying chemicals etc. But the future water supply is questionable due to climate change and related problems like rise in temperature. This lead to change in precipitation patterns and the entire water cycle are thrown off balance. Therefore, in the current environment, the development of water-saving agriculture is essential. As tuber crops are known for their high water use efficiency, it is having big part in water saving agriculture. Tuber crops are major sources of carbohydrates, thus play a key role in food safety. The starchy root of tuber crops can be used for various purposes like food, livestock feed, raw material in industry mainly for starch production etc. As most of the tuber crops are compatible with the farming systems, resistant to drought and withstand aberrant rainfall conditions, farmers follows rainfed cultivation of tuber crops. Anyhow water deficit stress occurring during the critical phases would adversely affect the ultimate performance of tuber crops and judicious use of water will result maximum yield. This review paper aims to know the water requirement of major tuber crops (Potato, Cassava, Sweet Potato, Amorphophallus, Taro and Tannia) and influence of water management in their yield potential.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Mapping and Change Detection in Dambatta Local Government Area

This research studied the spatiotemporal changes in land use (LU)/land cover (LC) in Dambatta local government area, with a view to identifying the effect arising from the observable changes in land use patterns. The imageries used in the study were obtained from the National Space Research and Development Agency (NARSDA), Abuja. Spatial analytical techniques and descriptive statistical techniques were employed to analyze the data. The results showed 66.8% reduction in agricultural lands, 45.5% reduction in vegetation cover, 223.2% increase in built-up areas, 269.1% increase in bare lands and 70% increase in water bodies within the 20 years. Spatio-temporal analysis of the three imageries revealed that agricultural lands were largely been taken over by urbanization while vegetation had rapidly given way to bare lands within the 20 years. It was observed that these changes resulted from anthropogenic activities, environmental factors and climate change. These result in the loss of farmlands, inadequate food supply, unemployment, inadequate industrial raw materials, reduction in revenue generated, forest depletion, desertification, wildlife extinction and temperature increase. While it is recommended that reforestation, land reclamation and irrigation agriculture should be promoted in the area, it is also suggested that further research should focus on the impact of climate change on land cover change in the area.

Genomic selection and enablers for agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays): A review

AbstractMaize is a commodity crop providing millions of people with food, feed, industrial raw material and economic opportunities. However, maize yields in Africa are relatively stagnant and low, at a mean of 1.7 t ha−1 compared with the global average of 6 t ha−1. The yield gap can be narrowed with accelerated and precision breeding strategies that are required to develop and deploy high‐yielding and climate‐resilient maize varieties. Genomic and phenotypic selections are complementary methods that offer opportunities for the speedy choice of contrasting parents and derived progenies for hybrid breeding and commercialization. Genomic selection (GS) will shorten the crop breeding cycle by identifying and tracking desirable genotypes and aid the timeous commercialization of market‐preferred varieties. The technology, however, has not yet been fully embraced by most public and private breeding programmes, notably in Africa. This review aims to present the importance, current status, challenges and opportunities of GS to accelerate genetic gains for economic traits to speed up the breeding of high‐yielding maize varieties. The first section summarizes genomic selection and the contemporary phenotypic selection and phenotyping platforms as a foundation for GS and trait integration in maize. This is followed by highlights on the reported genetic gains and progress through phenotypic selection and GS for grain yield and yield components. Training population development, genetic design and statistical models used in GS in maize breeding are discussed. Lastly, the review summarizes the challenges of GS, including prediction accuracy, and integrates GS with speed breeding, doubled haploid breeding and genome editing technologies to increase breeding efficiency and accelerate cultivar release. The paper will guide breeders in selection and trait introgression using GS to develop cultivars preferred by the marketplace.

Perbaikan Sifat Perekatan Kayu Sengon dengan Perlakuan Permukaan

The usage in the types of wood as the raw material of industry should be appropriate with the basic nature of wood in order to produce the forest’s product with good quality. This research was aimed to : 1) learn the relationship between the different parts of wood and the treatment of surface toward glue’s nature of sengon wood and find out the factors that were most influenced, 2) Handle the weak of glue’s strength because of the influence in a part of gubal and teras wood with the treatment of the surface. The design of this research used the factorial experiment arranged in the design of completely random, with the continuing Turkey test. The factor used in this research consisted of part of the wood (gubal and teras wood) and the treatment of the surface (without treatment, NaOH, ethanol, and alcohol bensen). The observed parameter included the density, the glue’s strength, and the damage to wood because of dry and wet air. The result of this research indicated glue’s nature was really most influenced by the part of the wood and the treatment of the surface. The average rate in the best nature of glue for sengon wood was produced in the part of teras wood, namely the glue’s strength in the dry air, the wood damage in dry air, the strength of wet glue, the damage of wet wood were 42,50 kg/cm2, 80,25 %, 23,61 kg/cm2, 44,92. The average rate in the best nature of glue for sengon wood was produced in the treatment of alcohol bensen, namely the glue’s strength in dry air, the wood damage on dry air, the strength of wet glue, and the damage of wet glue were 43,47 kg/cm2, 87,513 %, 24,375 kg/cm2, and 48,62 %.

Toward the Decarbonization of the Steel Sector: Development of an Artificial Intelligence Model Based on Hyperspectral Imaging at Fully Automated Scrap Characterization for Material Upgrading Operations

Due to decarbonization commitment made by steelmaking companies, the steel industry is tackling a technological transition from blast furnace (BF)–basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route to direct reduction iron (DRI)–electric arc furnace (EAF) route. Under this scenario, ferrous scrap becomes a critical factor for reaching CO2 reduction challenge. However, ferrous scrap can be considered one of the most complex industrial raw materials. In addition, scrap presents a huge heterogeneity in both physical and chemical characteristics. However, for producing high‐quality steel products, certainty on scrap specifics is required. Herein, an artificial intelligent model based on spectral information for the segmentation of different materials contained in the ferrous scrap is proposed. Developed solution offers a processing pipeline through a 2D–3D convolutional neural network algorithm based on a dataset with more than 428 million of pixels through hyperspectral cameras in the 400–1700 nm range. By this model, the detection of ferric fraction, stainless steel, aluminum, zinc, copper, sterile, and rubber and plastic materials are assessed. This work aims at increasing the reliability of the steelmaking process by lowering the number of steel quality noncompliance rejection due to lack of knowledge and uncertainties of these raw material compositions.

Accelerated Shelf-life Testing of Balado Potato Chips Using Arrhenius Model Approach

Potatoes are a commodity that has the potential to be developed as a source of carbohydrates to support food diversification programs, increase farmer incomes, non-oil and gas export commodities, and processed industrial raw materials. One of the processed products from potatoes that are typical and popular with Indonesian people is balado potato chips. As a product that will ultimately be consumed, of course, the value of product safety (food safety) in the form of shelf life information needs to be considered. Product samples were incubated in an incubator with three different storage temperatures, namely 25°C, 30°C, and 45°C. Samples were analyzed with hedonic parameters, FFA levels, and water content every 7 days for 28 days (days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28). The product shelf life at 25 °C, 30 °C and 45 °C respectively 37, 36 and 32 days. it is recommended that potato chip products be stored in closed packaging and stored in a cool place and avoid being stored in a place exposed to sunlight which will affect storage temperature and also free fatty acid levels which can cause rancidity.

An internal circulation iron–carbon micro-electrolysis reactor for aniline wastewater treatment: Parameter optimization, degradation pathways and mechanism

Aniline is a vital industrial raw material. However, highly–toxic aniline wastewater usually deteriorated effluent quality, posed a threat to human health and ecosystem safety. Therefore, this study reported a novel internal circulation iron–carbon micro-electrolysis (ICE) reactor to treat aniline wastewater. The effects of reaction time, pH, aeration rate and iron–carbon (Fe/C) ratio on the removal rate of aniline and the chemical oxygen demand were investigated using single-factor experiments. This process exhibited high aniline degradation performance of approximately 99.86% under optimal operating conditions (reaction time = 20 min, pH = 3, aeration rate = 0.5 m3·h−1, and Fe/C = 1:2). Based on the experimental results, the response surface method was applied to optimize the aniline removal rate. The Box–Behnken method was used to obtain the interaction effects of three main factors. The result showed that the reaction time had a dominant effect on the removal rate of aniline. The highest aniline removal rate was obtained at pH of 2, aeration rate of 0.5 m3·h−1 and reaction time of 30 min. Under optional experimental conditions, the aniline content of effluent was reduced to 3 mg·L–1 and the removal rate was as high as 98.24%, within the 95% confidence interval (97.84%–99.32%) of the predicted values. The solution was treated and the reaction intermediates were identified by high–performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and ion chromatography. The main intermediates were phenol, benzoquinone, and carboxylic acid. These were used to propose the potential mechanism of aniline degradation in the ICE reactor. The results obtained in this study provide optimized conditions for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing aniline and can strengthen the understanding of the degradation mechanism of iron–carbon micro-electrolysis.

Вовлечение техногенных отходов в переработку – парадигма ресурсного обеспечения устойчивого развития

Вовлечение техногенных отходов в переработку – парадигма ресурсного обеспечения устойчивого развития

Development of Manually-Operated Groundnut Roasting Machine

Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) is one of agricultural product that has wide range of usage to man, animal and industries. It is consume both raw and fried by man and animal, serve as a source of income and a raw material for industries. Groundnut required roasting process to generate oil, bring out characteristic aroma, flavour and a times an acceptable colour for its consumption. In a developing country like Nigeria, this process is done locally. the local method associated with problems and difficulties which make it ineffective, laborious and time consuming, therefore there is need for another improved method. A manually operated Groundnut seed roaster was constructed with the aim of improving on the local methods. It contain Roast chamber, the pulley (which serve as Flywheel) shaft (Agitator), the heating unit (Gas burner and its accessory) and the discharge outlet. The machine after testing shows the frying efficiency of 88.125% with percentages of seed damaged (loss) to be 23.75%. The average and optimum time for roasting was estimated to be in the range of 6 minutes. The machine is inch free and can be operated freely, hence recommended for use.

Pembuatan Minyak Kelapa Murni (Virgin Coconut Oil) dengan Metode Fermentasi dan Optimasi Waktu Simpan dan Penjernihan Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Lada dan Karbon Aktif

Coconut oil is a valuable part of the coconut fruit and is widely used as an industrial raw material or part of it is made into cooking oil. Oil extraction from coconut meat can be done in several ways. Extraction of coconut oil that is being developed at this time is the fermentation method using several enzymes or microbes, one of which can be used is yeast tempeh. This research aims to analyze the yield content and quality criteria of coconut oil made using the fermentation method and to analyze the effect of adding pepper leaf extract and activated carbon on the shelf life and clarification of coconut oil. From the results of experiments carried out in mixing tempeh yeast, the free fatty acid test, yield test, aroma test and density test were carried out. As for the test results, the determination of free fatty acids in this cooking oil study used the titration method with NaOH until the color changed to pink. For the redemption test, the highest oil concentration was 3 grams, while the tempeh yeast 4 grams and 5 grams decreased. Aroma test where in week 9 coconut oil without treatment experienced rancidity. This was caused by auto-oxidation which began to form radicals due to the presence of fat peroxidation factors. The density test is close to the SNI standard value, namely the lowest density of 0.9600 g/cm3 obtained from closed treatment with 0.5 ml of extract. This is because in this treatment very little cooking oil is contaminated with other substances.