Industrial Plant Construction Research Articles

Повышение эффективности использования твердого топлива на промышленных ТЭЦ

Currently, in this country solid fuel at industrial thermal power plants, as a rule, is burned by a layer or flaring method in boilers with generation of steam which is directed to a steam turbine. This technology of generating thermal and electrical energy is characterized by relatively low efficiency and significant emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. At the same time, the use of solid fuel in industrial energy with its preliminary gasification can significantly increase the efficiency of electricity generation and at the same time reduce the negative impact on the environment. The results of an analytical comparison of two schemes to use solid fuel in industrial energy are used as the material of the research. These two schemes are a traditional scheme and an alternative one based on its preliminary gasification. In this paper, to assess the effectiveness of the schemes under consideration, the scientific methodology of system analysis is applied. It allows us to consider any energy object as a unified system consisting of interrelated elements. The system analysis is carried out based on mathematical modeling of the technological process to obtain thermal and electrical energy. A complex balance mathematical model of an industrial thermal power plant with preliminary coal gasification is developed. The results of calculation using a mathematical model have shown that the construction of industrial combined‒cycle thermal power plants with preliminary coal gasification instead of traditional steam turbine ones will increase the key indicator of the energy efficiency of thermal power plants, coefficient of fuel utilization from 60 to 74 %. Based on the methodology of system analysis, an optimal thermal scheme of an industrial combined-cycle thermal power plant with preliminary coal gasification has been developed. Numerical values of the basic operating conditions of the thermal power plants and energy efficiency indicators have been determined using a mathematical model. The use of solid fuel at industrial thermal power plants with its preliminary gasification is a very promising direction to develop industrial energy in Russia since this method to extract the bound chemical energy of solid fuel can significantly increase the fuel utilization coefficient and the production of electrical energy and at the same time reduce emissions of contamination material into the atmosphere

A sustainable approach in water desalination with the integration of renewable energy sources: Environmental engineering challenges and perspectives

For decades considerable attempt has been specifically devoted toward the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) to power different desalination systems. However, at present, various techno-economic limitations hamper directing these efforts towards wide-range applications. In this review paper, the current status of RES-based desalination technologies, with a focus on the hybrid process, their enhancement, and promising application, besides their current techno-economic restrictions has been explored. This approach is highly eco-friendly since waste formation is the minimum and can be a potential advantage to the construction of local industrial plants. In addition, it can offer effective solutions in the agriculture field like crop irrigation. Nevertheless, it is exigent to enhance their technical-thermal performance by conducting a comprehensive analysis for industrializing them. For maximizing the synergistic effect of integrated RES modification of traditional desalination systems with an incessant pursuit for research and development is absolutely crucial. Because, this approach significantly underpins their market penetration and feasibility in a cost-effective manner. Moreover, the authors briefly presented an overview of environmental prospects and engineering challenges of desalination for designing a sustainable methodology in the water-energy nexus. Also, the authors propose the knowledge gaps and perspectives to delineate the future research direction concerning environmental-engineering-energy aspects. All in all, despite several outstanding advancements in the integration of RES with various desalination technologies, their long-term performance and energy-intensive nature still remain challenging. Hence it can be concluded that both desalination technologies and RES still require further intensive research efforts for evaluating their long-term conduction, minimizing energy consumption, and mitigation of environmental footprints.

Research on advantages and disadvantages of prestressed concrete hollow square pile and pipe pile in pile foundation selection

In the process of industrial plant construction, pile foundation selection has a direct impact on the structural design. It is the goal of construction, design, investigation, supervision and construction units to find a pile type that can meet the economic rationality and quality requirements, and is conducive to construction and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment and buildings. In this paper, combined with the pile foundation selection design of the industrial plant, through the field investigation, pile bearing capacity detection and investigation report analysis, the cost comparative analysis is completed, and the advantages and disadvantages of hollow square pile and pipe pile in design and construction are compared.

Agile Methodology to Performance Measure and Identification of Impact Factors in the Labour Productivity of Industrial Workers

The objective of this work is to adapt and test an agile methodology based on human observation that waives the data collection based on the timing of time in activity. Aiming to evaluate the productivity and non-productivity of workers in a factory during the pipe welding process for use in the construction of industrial plants. Through human observation the data was gathered by registering punctually the activities of the welders during a week. The results obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation were validated by comparing the results obtained by the probability and statistically analysis of the complete sample. After the simulation validation the Sensibility Analysis test was conducted in order to evaluate the variables of higher impact in the performance of the welders. The average of Labour Rating Factor and Idleness Rating Factor obtained by Monte Carlo simulation were respectively, 0.5529 and 0.4549 and by the sampling chart Labour Rating Factor 0.5552 and Idleness Rating Factor 0.4448. The methodology identified 9(nine) actions in the productive state, where the welding activity presents the greatest impact on the output of the mean of the Labour Rating Factor. In addition, 8(eight) actions were considered non-productive, where displacements and human conditions activities have the greatest impact on the Idleness Rating Factor. Furthermore, the results were compared with the work of other Authors. The research results shows the feasibility for industry to use this proposal of an agile methodology for evaluating the workforce performance, spending less resource compared with traditional ones.

Comparison of point cloud data and 3D CAD data for on-site dimensional inspection of industrial plant piping systems

Inspection is vital in industrial plant construction and management. However, traditional inspection methods that rely on human involvement and paper documentation are becoming untenable as modern industrial plants are becoming larger and more complex than legacy facilities. Hence, an efficient and robust method is required to support the inspection of modern industrial plants. In this paper, an improved technique relying on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for data acquisition and normal-based region growing and efficient random sample consensus (RANSAC) for point cloud data processing is proposed for the on-site dimensional inspection of the piping systems of an industrial plant. Consequently, the as-built condition of the plant is assessed via a distance-based deviation analysis and a comparison of geometric parameters between the as-designed and as-built models. The method is validated using a dataset acquired from a compartment of a ship has verified the robustness and reliability of the proposed approach.

Comparison of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and pressure drop correlations in laminar flow regime for packed bed reactors and columns

Empirical correlation (EC) equations are still of a great designing importance for industrial plant construction. They are an indispensable modeling tool for engineers, reducing the time to find the optimal operating conditions. Nonetheless, numerical method complexity and product yield optimisation are advancing. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is thus nowadays applicable for optimizing chemical reactors. In contrast to EC, CFD acknowledges specific vessel geometry, where local physical and chemical phenomena, contributing to apparent catalytic turnover, prevail. Presently, EC and CFD were compared considering the pressure drop predictions within the packed bed columns for spherical, cylindrical, trilobe and quadrilobe particle packing, in order to determine the limits of EC accuracy. 52 configurations were simulated and the estimations within EC validity range margins were in agreement with CFD (<15%), while in extremes (non-negligible entrance and exit patterns), a 70% deviation could be exceeded. Furthermore, boundary wall effects were found to be dependent on the stacked pellet shape and orientation, and did not necessarily lead to an increase of viscous friction loss, relative to the infinitely wide systems, for the column-to-particle diameter ratios, lower than 10, which is contradictory to non-mechanistic relationship models. While the induced pressure difference within realistic fixed beds is elevated due to gas or liquid surface interaction and back-mixing, it can also be decreased by channeling/tunneling, which is why the effective net influence should be analyzed with CFD simulations, particularly in novel intensified and micronized processes, in which momentum, mass and heat transfer resistances are far from bulk medium continuity.

Automatic as-built modeling for concurrent progress tracking of plant construction based on laser scanning

The application of automatic as-built modeling based on laser scanning can potentially facilitate progress tracking and control in industrial plant construction. Although notable work has been conducted in the as-built modeling field, the level of automation and ability for programs to recognize semantic information is low. Semantic information, such as an installation schedule for industrial components, is vital for identifying actual construction progress. Unfortunately, as the current practices lack the ability to use robust process mapping to turn such information into corresponding as-built models, the current successful rate of recognition remains low. To fill these gaps, this article describes a new as-built modeling process for industrial components by incorporating segmentation and three-dimensional object recognition techniques from computer vision fields. Following the generation of the as-built model, the tracking process is able to identify schedule delays through deviation analysis between the as-built and four-dimensional as-designed models. The modeling process can be integrated in a concurrent construction environment, which provides precise feedback for planners and site managers to simultaneously maintain the quality of construction plans. A case study is conducted, which demonstrates that the developed process enables as-built modeling with semantic information and automatic construction progress tracking. With a certain number of as-built components of a dehydration module being captured, a successful recognition rate of over 90% is achieved. Furthermore, the processing time of the case study lies within an acceptable time period, which supports efficient progress tracking. The results show the feasibility of the developed process, which promises to save time and labor costs during construction.

Evaluation Of Spatial Weather Potential In Poltava Region

Purpose. Space-time assessment of potential atmospheric meteorological Poltava region. Methods. according to V. Baranovsky, cartography. Results. Based on the analysis of spatial and temporal differences meteorological parameters in 2014 calculated meteorological potential for all regions of the Poltava region in terms of months. Determined that the lowest self-cleaning capacity of the atmosphere observed during the summer season in the southern region. This process determines the prevailing accumulation of harmful substances in the air. The highest self-cleaning ability of the atmosphere and the resulting domination processes of dispersion of pollution, mainly observed in winter in the northern and central regions. Cartographic work contained in Article lets you make spatial distribution of meteorological evaluation capacity throughout the year and adjust accordingly, emissions of air pollutants. Conclusions. Appropriate to recommend the construction of industrial plants and factories in the north, where their activities will cause less damage to the environment. Do not place the company in Velykobahachanskoho, Mirgorodskomu and Zinkivskomu areas as natural environment of these areas are the most favorable for recreation and health and medical institutions.

독립계통에서 유도전동기 부하의 기동시 발전기의 안정적 부하추종에 관한 연구

Recently, not only in the Middle East and Southeast Asia but in African area, too, industrial plant construction is being actually done. But unlike in Korea, a lot of them are small-scale isolated industrial plants. And because of the characteristics of industrial plants, induction motors’ load forms a large part. The influence of stability resulted from the maneuver and operation of induction motors’ load may lead to serious result in the isolated system. This study analyzed it through mathematical modeling on induction motors’ maneuver phenomena in the isolated system, realized a case system with the E-TAP program, and simulated load follow performances according to the control variables of a generator inside the isolated system.

RISK ASSESSMENT THROUGH CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE ANALYSIS FOR PLANT CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Although South Korean construction companies have significantly increased their share in the international construction market, the work scope of their projects has been limited to detail design and construction, instead of expanding their market to the earlier phases of project execution. South Korean companies should also expand their capabilities to project management consultancy (PMC), enabling planning and scheduling knowledge to handle various risks associated with each work package. This research involved developing a Unit Activity Sequence Model (USAM) for industrial plant construction projects to minimize project risks. A Standard Sequence Logic Unit was set up to establish the initial scheduling phase of plant projects, and to understand objectively construction flows and the association between construction events, etc. Previous research has a scope that is very limited to specific plants, and it is currently unsatisfactory to understand the flow of overall plant construction. This research is different from other studies busing USAM per work package in the initial planning process, in order to help determine the overall flow. It is based on various references and extensive opinions collected from the schedule management experts as a reason for the lack of case studies. Thus, more research and process-related data collection needs to be added from the experts in various research companies.

The Steel Reinforced Concrete Structure in Main Plant for Heat Supply

As one of the forms of composite structure system,the steel reinforced concrete(SRC) frame structure has the advantages of high carrying capacity and excellent elastic - plastic.The SRC has been widely used in high-rise structures and bridges. Meanwhile, it has promising application prospects in industrial plant construction. However, there are not many researches on the entity SRC structure in China at present, and many issues need to be explored. In this paper, we will give suggestions of application in the SRC industrial main plant , during designing of SRC frame structure in Daqing city, Heilongjiang province.

Evaluation of the modular method for industrial plant construction projects

Industrial plant construction projects tend to become larger in their physical scale and complexity to incorporate the most advanced technologies from various industries. In order to respond to the rapidly changing industry demands, reducing construction durations has become the key factor to project success. Modular approach has been employed in this industry to mainly reduce construction durations. However, little research has been performed to evaluate the modular method in comparison to the conventional method, i.e., the stick-built method. The aim of this research is to help industry practitioners decide which method to be employed. In this study, the researchers evaluated the efficiency of modular method by performing a comparative analysis. The result of the estimated duration for the mechanical package installation showed that employing the modular method can reduce the construction duration by 2 months approximately. As a result of a validity assessment, the stick-built method scored lower than the modular method and so the modular method was valid to be employed.

산업플랜트 건설 프로젝트의 주요 공정 시퀀스 분석을 통한 리스크 평가

2011년과 2012년 국내건설기업의 해외건설시장 공종별 수주구조는 플랜트분야가 약 645억 달러(전체의 73%)로 타 건설분야에 비해 압도적이며 수주금액 또한 역대 최고액을 기록하였다. 이러한 플랜트 건설시장의 비중과 수주율은 당분간 지속될 전망이다. 하지만 국내 기업이 보유한 플랜트 건설기술은 상세설계와 건설시공 분야에서 비교적 높은 경쟁력을 보이나, 엔지니어링의 원천기술 및 기본설계 분야와 사업관리 분야는 기술 선진국의 60%~70% 내외이다. 국내 기업의 사업관리 경쟁력을 향상시키기 위해 플랜트 건설 공정관리 기술의 고도화와 프로젝트 수행과정에서 발생하는 리스크의 체계적인 평가 방안을 마련하는 것이 시급하다. 본 연구에서는 산업플랜트 건설프로젝트의 주요 공정 시퀀스 모델을 개발하여 프로젝트 초기에 공정계획 수립의 주요 항목설정과 공사의 흐름 및 공정 간의 연관관계 등을 명확하게 정립할 수 있도록 하였다. 특히 공종별 주요 액티비티 분석을 통해 주요 공정 시퀀스를 도출하였고, 퍼지이론을 활용하여 프로젝트 수행 단계별 위험도 평가 방안의 개발 및 중점 관리 공정 프로세스를 제시함으로써 산업플랜트 건설 프로젝트 공정개발과정과 주공정 수행과정의 리스크 분석에 용이성을 향상할 수 하도록 하였다. In 2011 and 2012, Korean construction firms awarded around $ 64.5. Billion each year from the overseas market in 2011. This contract value accounted for overwhelming portion of total overseas construction contract values, and this growth is expected to continue for the next decade. However, contract scopes awarded to the Korean construction firms mainly involve detailed design and construction phases due to their competitiveness for the construction techniques. In other words, front-end-engineering-design and construction project management are not considered part of core business due to the lack of project management skills and experience. The researchers focused on development of construction sequence model required to improve construction planning and scheduling skills for the Korean construction firms. The model identifies critical work items and the sequence throughout project execution process. In addition, the researchers developed a risk evaluation method by applying fuzzy theory to the critical construction activities for the industrial plant construction projects. Developed methodology will help project practitioners to develop project schedule in a timely and effe ctive manner and evaluate project risks associated with scheduling process for the industrial plant construction projects.

An Automated Progress Tracking System for Industrial Facility Construction Projects

As amount of information in construction industry is growing, the role of information system in project management is becoming increasingly important. With the emerging IT application to the advancing construction industry, construction project management system with advanced technology has been progressed vigorously to improve construction productivity and management efficiency. Recently, a web-based Project Management Information System (PMIS) is developed to support decision-making process by efficiently managing project related information generated from various discipline. Many firms are in the process of developing the PMIS system or already have been applied the system to various projects. However, PMIS is still in its early stage of development to be applied at industrial plant construction projects. With the complexity of the industrial plant projects, the industry practitioners need to be able to visualize the construction schedule information to manage the project efficiently. This study suggests methodologies for improving PMIS specialized for industrial plant piping construction projects to estimate the baseline schedule and performance measurement more accurately by developing a framework for the piping construction projects. By using this developed system, the researchers expect that piping construction projects will be more efficiently managed on a real-time basis through measuring progress of piping at each and every state of progress milestone and provide management with opportunities to forecast the level of efforts required to execute the remaining work scope in a timely manner.

Applications of a Modular Interaction Framework for Virtual Reality Testing in a Smart Environment

In the future mobile devices will be used for many different purposes in the Factory of the Future, like displaying user-specific location-aware information about production processes, energy flow and resource consumption. The planning of these challenging future factories requires intuitive interactive virtual testing in an immersive environment prior to the building of the plant. In the EU-funded project uTRUSTit we have developed a Virtual Reality interaction framework designed for testing target group specific intuitive user interfaces on mobile devices in the Internet of Things. This developed framework also enables us now to carry out interactive VR application scenarios in the context of the Factory of the Future. In this paper we will describe the requirements and developed functionalities of our framework. We will outline how the framework design and implementation can be adapted, using two exemplary Factory of the Future scenarios; first as an interaction device in an immersive environment for pre-building verification in industrial plant construction it supports extended toolsets; second as an immersive usability test environment that allows testing the reaction of user groups to interface elements depending on location and reaction.

Tritium in the Environment of Gulf of Finnland

Tritium is a radioactive form of hydrogen, used in research, fusion reactors and neutron generators. The form of most concern, tritium oxide (HTO), is generally indistinguishable from normal water and can move rapidly through the environment in the same manner as water. The expanding construction of nuclear industrial plants and nuclear power stations on the shores of the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Finnland) is creating a real possibility for the introduction of radioactive wastes into the vegetation and the waters of Baltic Sea basin (Sea water, Ladoga Lake, St.Petersburg rivers). A low-level liquid scintillation system Quantulus 1220 (Wallac, Turku, Finland) and system for sample preparation Sample Oxidizer 307 (PerkinElmer) were used for measurements of vegetation and water samples from this region. Significant difference was observed on the distribution of tritium concentrations in different types of water, snow cover and vegetation of Finnish Bay basin.

Radiocarbon in Vegetation of coastal Zone of Finnish Bay (Russia)

Radiocarbon is a radioactive isotope of carbon, which is forming in the nature constantly by interaction of cosmic fast neutrons and nitrogen nuclei at the low atmospheric layers. Another source of radiocarbon in the environment is pollution in processes of Nuclear Power Plant exploitation. The expanding construction of nuclear industrial plants and nuclear power stations on the shores of the Baltic Sea is creating a real possibility for the introduction of radioactive wastes into environment of Finnish Bay basin. The activity of radiocarbon in the plant of coastal zone was determined by a system of Sample Oxidizer 307 and low-level liquid scintillation system Quantulus 1220 (Wallace, Turku, Finland) The Radiocarbon analysis is a sensitive tool for the registration of pollution. The variations of radiocarbon concentration in the one-years grasses can be used as an indicator of carbon dioxide pollution of the urban environment. The variation of radiocarbon in tree-rings reflects the local and global radioactive contaminations.

Electron beam treatment of textile dyeing wastewater: operation of pilot plant and industrial plant construction

A pilot plant for treating 1000 m3/day of dyeing wastewater with e-beam has been constructed and operated since 1998 in Daegu, Korea together with the biological treatment facility. The wastewater from various stages of the existing purification process has been treated with an electron beam in this plant, and it gave rise to elaborating the optimal technology of the electron beam treatment of wastewater with increased reliability for instant changes in the composition of wastewater. Installation of the e-beam pilot plant resulted in decolorizing and destructive oxidation of organic impurities in wastewater, appreciable reduction of chemical reagent consumption, in reduction of the treatment time, and in increase in the flow rate limit of existing facilities by 30-40%. Industrial plant for treating 10,000 m3/day each, based upon the pilot experimental result, is under construction and will be finished by 2005. This project is supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Korean Government.

O litoral brasileiro: a valorização do espaço e os riscos socioambientais

O litoral brasileiro está definido na Constituição Federal de 1988 como património natural. A sua extensão é de 7637 km de linha de costa, podendo alcançar 8500 se se considerarem as baías. A sua história morfogenética começa no período Cretácico, mas as diversidades e complexidades da linha de costa brasileira estão associadas também às mudanças climáticas do Quaternário. Os riscos socioambientais no litoral brasileiro estão associados ao processo de valorização capitalista do espaço, principalmente a partir de 1950 com a construção de instalações industriais e actualmente com a expansão de segundas residências, hotéis e complexos hoteleiros, além da exclusão social que obriga as famílias a construir as suas residências em áreas de risco, como os esteiros e os mangais.

Feasibility of meeting a limit of 85 dB everywhere inside a power plant

In recent years the importance of acoustics in the construction of industrial plants has greatly increased. According to many regulations an employee may not be exposed to an 8-h time-weighted average A-weighted sound level of more than 85 dB. The requirement 85 dB at any point is easy to check, even for a nonacoustician. Therefore, a SPL of 85 dB became a standard value in areas with no permanent working places, such as in noisy areas of power plants. Acoustic design in a power station must be handled thoroughly, consistently, and competently. To achieve an optimum solution the plant must be treated as a whole. Knowledge is needed of the processes within power station systems, the components, and their acoustic characteristics, as well as of architectural acoustics, and thermoacoustics. The redevelopment of the cogeneration power station ‘‘Berlin Mitte’’ is used to illustrate the acoustic engineering for a project with stringent indoor requirements. The approach used, noise reductions needed, and noise controls selected are reviewed. The requirement of a level of 85 dB in the near field was achieved. One special highlight was the steam turbine by-pass system, for which the standard design causes 98–108 dB.