Industrial Objects Research Articles

Robust tracking of industrial objects across environments from small samples in single environments using chroma-key and occlusion augmentations

Training deep models that can be deployed on embedded systems to robustly detect and track highly specialized industrial objects in a variety of field environments remains very challenging. Large Deep Foundation models (e.g., [yuan21]) make it easier than ever to detect and track everyday objects but do not work as well for specialized industrial objects. These models are often very large and not suitable for deployment on embedded systems. In this work we show that the use of a chroma-key like substitution combined with artificial occlusion generation allows one to capture a small number of images of objects under a fixed background in the lab and then generalize them to novel backgrounds that work in the real world under realistic conditions improving detection of occluded objects by 4% and improving detection in different environments by 44% over state-of-the-art augmentation methods such as MOSAIC.

Modernist Heritage versus Contested Legacy: The Case of “Radio City”

The industrial legacy of the Soviet period in Lithuania has become an object of social tension. Even though the industrial heritage of the Soviet period is not directly related to the crimes of the occupying authorities, the conversion of industrial objects in the historical parts of cities or of buildings with symbolic significance is contentious among members of the public. For this reason, the conversion of industrial areas in Lithuania has become not only an economic challenge, but also a problem of adaptating to society’s needs, changing society’s attitude toward this type of heritage, and organically integrating that heritage into the city structure. The “Radio City” conversion project is being developed in the context of this social tension but has become an example of adaptation in harmony with the architectural heritage that occupies a dominant position on the block, which is located in one of the historically formed residential districts of Kaunas city.

Virtual Reality via Object Pose Estimation and Active Learning: Realizing Telepresence Robots with Aerial Manipulation Capabilities

This paper presents a novel telepresence system for advancing aerial manipulation in dynamic and unstructured environments. The proposed system not only features a haptic device, but also a virtual reality (VR) interface that provides real-time 3D displays of the robot’s workspace as well as a haptic guidance to its remotely located operator. To realize this, multiple sensors, namely, a LiDAR, cameras, and IMUs are utilized. For processing of the acquired sensory data, pose estimation pipelines are devised for industrial objects of both known and unknown geometries. We further propose an active learning pipeline in order to increase the sample efficiency of a pipeline component that relies on a Deep Neural Network (DNN) based object detector. All these algorithms jointly address various challenges encountered during the execution of perception tasks in industrial scenarios. In the experiments, exhaustive ablation studies are provided to validate the proposed pipelines. Methodologically, these results commonly suggest how an awareness of the algorithms’ own failures and uncertainty (“introspection”) can be used to tackle the encountered problems. Moreover, outdoor experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the overall system in enhancing aerial manipulation capabilities. In particular, with flight campaigns over days and nights, from spring to winter, and with different users and locations, we demonstrate over 70 robust executions of pick-andplace, force application and peg-in-hole tasks with the DLR cable-Suspended Aerial Manipulator (SAM). As a result, we show the viability of the proposed system in future industrial applications.

Experimental Procedure for the Metrological Characterization of Time-of-Flight Cameras for Human Body 3D Measurements.

Time-of-flight cameras are widely adopted in a variety of indoor applications ranging from industrial object measurement to human activity recognition. However, the available products may differ in terms of the quality of the acquired point cloud, and the datasheet provided by the constructors may not be enough to guide researchers in the choice of the perfect device for their application. Hence, this work details the experimental procedure to assess time-of-flight cameras' error sources that should be considered when designing an application involving time-of-flight technology, such as the bias correction and the temperature influence on the point cloud stability. This is the first step towards a standardization of the metrological characterization procedure that could ensure the robustness and comparability of the results among tests and different devices. The procedure was conducted on Kinect Azure, Basler Blaze 101, and Basler ToF 640 cameras. Moreover, we compared the devices in the task of 3D reconstruction following a procedure involving the measure of both an object and a human upper-body-shaped mannequin. The experiment highlighted that, despite the results of the previously conducted metrological characterization, some devices showed evident difficulties in reconstructing the target objects. Thus, we proved that performing a rigorous evaluation procedure similar to the one proposed in this paper is always necessary when choosing the right device.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF MILK PROCESSING ENTERPRISES

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to research into the issues of improving the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of managing industrial property objects as a component of intellectual property in the context of their role in shaping the intellectual potential of dairy processing enterprises. Methodology of research. The following research methods were used to achieve the goal: analysis and synthesis, abstract and logical – for the formulation of theoretical generalizations, identification of the essence of the concept of the intellectual potential of the enterprise, its constituent reserves of raising its level at the enterprise; monographic and comparative – for the systematization of the elements of the social and economic component of managing the intellectual potential of enterprises, identifying the relationship between the intangible assets of the enterprise and the development of intellectual potential; graphic – for visualization of research results. Findings. The existence of clear and hidden opportunities (reserves) for increasing the level of use of intellectual potential at each enterprise was identified and substantiated. The place and significance of industrial property objects in the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the intellectual property management of the enterprise, which together with other elements form the social and economic component of the management of its intellectual potential, are substantiated. The role of industrial property objects and the importance of improving the efficiency of their management in ensuring an increase in the level of use of the intellectual potential of milk processing enterprises have been established. Due to the predominant financing of innovative developments of enterprises at the expense of their own funds, the need to take into account the economic efficiency of such developments for the enterprises themselves when evaluating the effectiveness of managing their intellectual potential is substantiated. The necessity of developing a system of indicators for evaluating the efficiency of management of industrial property objects was determined. Originality. The method of evaluating the economic efficiency of managing industrial property objects as elements of forming the intellectual potential of milk processing enterprises has received further development. Practical value. Based on the results of the research, the system of indicators for evaluating the efficiency of the management of industrial property objects can have practical use for determining the vectors of improving the management of the intellectual potential of milk processing enterprises. Key words: management, intellectual potential, intellectual property, intangible assets, objects of industrial property, trademark, brand, certificate, patent

Comparative efficiency of application of the maximum clique method in searching for critically important objects of the gas industry

The article proposes the use of a model of the "defender - attacker - defender" type to determine the possibilities of the gas industry to reduce gas shortages for consumers in the event of failure of its critical facilities. The calculation scheme of the gas transmission network in this study is presented in the form of a directed graph, in the nodes of which there are objects of production, consumption, storage of gas and nodal compressor stations. All found cliques are analyzed, and a list of measures aimed at reducing possible gas shortages among consumers is compiled. The article presents the results of the analysis. The results of applying the method of determining the maximum cliques to search for critical objects of the gas industry were evaluated in comparison with the results obtained earlier on this topic. Conclusions are drawn about the feasibility of using the proposed method to determine the critically important objects of the gas industry.

Natural environment assessment of negative impact of anthropogenic factors

Sustainable development of each region of the country and improvement in living standards and public health can only be achieved by preserving natural capital and maintaining proper environmental quality. Environmental quality in the Krasnodar Region is determined by levels of anthropogenic and technogenic load on the natural environment. Sources of pressure are objects of industry, power engineering, transport, capital construction, agroindustrial complex and municipal services, which lead to pollution of atmospheric air, water and land resources, to pollution of surface and ground water and degradation of some water bodies, to disruption of ecosystems of flora and fauna. The article is devoted to the review of the condition of atmospheric air and water bodies in Krasnodar Krai, as well as to the study of pollution indicators of discharged wastewater in the territory of the region. Information on indicators of polluted wastewater discharge into water bodies is presented, a grouped table is determined on the basis of these pollution indicators, which indicates the main reasons for the continued pollution of surface water bodies, conclusions are drawn as to what measures to solve the global environmental problem should be taken to improve the quality of wastewater treatment.

АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЗАВДАНЬ СТЕЙХОЛДЕРІВ СУДОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ ЩОДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗБИТКІВ, ЗАВДАНИХ АГРЕСІЄЮ РФ

The article defines the actual tasks of the stakeholders of the forensic economic examination regarding the determination of damages caused by the aggression of the Russian Federation and with the aim of more fully satisfying the needs of the state, investigative and judicial practice in solving issues that require the application of special knowledge, it is suggested to consider the issue of opening a new expert specialty, namely: Economic examination of the damage caused/inflicted damages (or – Economic examination of the determination of the amount of real damages). An approximate list of issues that can be considered by specialists of this profile of knowledge and competences has been determined, taking into account the challenges that have arisen before the professional society regarding the determination of the amount of damage caused by military aggression. A fullscale war changed the priorities in the requests of society, the judiciary and law enforcement agencies regarding certain tasks that arose before the expert. Numerous losses, destruction, the need for an urgent determination of the amount of costs for the restoration of property and property rights that have suffered a destructive impact as a result of armed aggression, make it necessary to provide a qualified answer from an expert on the question of determining the damage and the amount of losses that not only individual enterprises, but entire territories, regions with objects of industry, agriculture, construction, production infrastructure (trade, transport, communication), non-production infrastructure (service sector), electronic communications networks, etc. located on them. Economic examination, related to the determination of the amount of real losses, solves issues that require special knowledge in the field of accounting and tax accounting, and economics, and the analysis of the economic activity of both the enterprise and the industry as a whole, and in modern conditions it is becoming more and more expedient and necessary. During the examination, regulatory and administrative acts and other documents regulating the procedure for the provision, distribution and use of funds, including funds from the state and local budgets, accounting, financial, tax documents and transactions are examined, statistical, financial, budgetary reports, documents and information of enterprises, institutions and organizations.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯМИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ОБОРОННО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ

The author presents the results of analyzing the evolutionary processes in the economic system of the military-industrial complex in the context of the digital transformation of the manufacturing business. He demonstrates the need to resolve the contradiction associated with the dilemma of either using conservative technologies for managing economic objects of the defense industry adopted in the Industry 3.0, or their reengineering for application to the economic management of promising objects of the Industry 4.0. The complexity of solving this problem is due to the existing institutional and infrastructural constraints characteristic for the military-industrial complex that allow the formation of multiple "intermediate" forms of management differing in degrees of economic efficiency and financial stability.

A Format Compliant Encryption Method for 3D Objects Allowing Hierarchical Decryption

With the increasing popularity of 3D objects in industry and everyday life, 3D object security has become essential. While there exists methods for 3D selective encryption, where a clear 3D object is encrypted so that the result has the desired level of visual security, to our knowledge, no method exists for decrypting encrypted 3D objects hierarchically. In this paper, we are the first to propose propose a method which allows us to hierarchically decrypt an encrypted 3D object according to a generated ring of keys. This ring consists of a set of keys that allow a stronger or weaker decryption of the encrypted 3D object. Each hierarchically decrypted 3D object has a different visual security level, where the 3D object is more or less visually accessible. Based on a master key, these hierarchical keys are generated using our method during the encryption process. Our method is essential when it comes to preventing trade secrets from being leaked from within a company or by exterior attackers. It is also ecologically friendly and more secure than traditional selective encryption methods.

ҚАРАҒАНДЫ ОБЛЫСЫ ШАРУАШЫЛЫҚТАРЫ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДА СИЫР ЕТІ МЕН СҮТІНІҢ САПАСЫНА ҚОРШАҒАН ОРТА ФАКТОРЛАРЫНЫҢ ӘСЕРІН ЗЕРТТЕУ

In the article, the authors present the results of assessing the quality and safety of milk and beef meat in various districts of the Karaganda region. The following studies were carried out: organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators; the total toxicity and residual amount of heavy metal compounds were determined; the quality and safety of livestock products from various areas of the study area were assessed; organoleptic and physico–chemical indicators of milk and beef meat were carried out; the dynamics of seasonal accumulation of residual amounts of heavy metal compounds in milk and beef was also established. An integral part of national and international health protection programs is to ensure the safety of food products that are subject to anthropogenic impact. Toxins of microorganisms (including fungi), toxic elements (heavy elements), antibiotics, pesticides, nitrates, nitrites, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, radionucleides. According to the ecological situation, the Karaganda region is one of the ecologically unfavorable territories of our country. This is due to the large concentration of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, energy complexes and other industrial objects, such as Arcelor Mittal Temirtau and Kazakhmys. Therefore, the study of the influence of environmental factors on the quality of livestock.

Desafios na preservação de objetos funcionais em contexto museológico: o papel da documentação na salvaguarda de coleções de instrumentos musicais

Musical instruments are objects that, like scientific and industrial objects, were not built to be observed. Their creation purpose is based on a specific cultural function: to be played. This purpose can be momentarily recovered within museums, when the instruments incorporated in the collections are played in performative events such as concerts, recital, among others. Museological documentation assumes a particularly relevant role in this context, not only in the preservation of the material support of musical instruments, but also in safeguarding information about the records of performative events as part of the history of these objects. This article aims to raise some considerations about the role of documentation as part of the conservation of museological objects, with a particular focus on musical instruments collections.

Optimize the corrosion behavior of AISI 204Cu stainless steel in different environments under previous cold working and welding

Enhancing corrosion resistance in stainless-ssteel alloys is a paramount objective in the petroleum industry. This study investigated the effects of the previous cold working and welding processes on the mechanical properties and corrosion rates of 204 Cu stainless steel in different aggressive environments (crude oil, freshwater, and seawater). The experimental sets were supported by microstructure analysis. The mean weight loss method was employed to determine the corrosion rates, which were optimized using the Taguchi method. The ferrite and austenite phase bands, as well as the deformed portions of austenite, are pushed to flatten out during cold working, which increases the material’s hardness. Cold-worked steels were welded, creating an annealed area around the HAZ in addition to the usual weld zones, which demonstrated partial microstructure recovery and hardness reduction. HAZ showed signs of iron overload and chromium nitride precipitation. Cold-worked specimens only showed reduced corrosion resistance to 30% of the initial rate and reduced thickness. Moreover, the Taguchi optimization technique indicated that the corrosion environment has the most effect on the corrosion rate compared to the cold work ratio for welded and non-welded stainless-steel specimens.

Research on the possibility of improving energy efficiency in the hospitality industry

In the structure of commercial real estate, hotel infrastructure facilities occupy a special position due to their dependence on related industries: tourism, both international and domestic, entertainment industry, event organization, business environment development, etc. Also, this industry is most affected by external factors: legal, political, economic, infrastructural, communication, cultural. Trends in the introduction of energy-efficient technologies in the processes of operation and maintenance of real estate objects of the hospitality industry allow to increase their competitiveness and increase the number of transactions. The leaders in the number of investment transactions in the hotel real estate segment for 2022 are traditionally Moscow and St. Petersburg, but the development of domestic tourism gives impetus to increased investment activity in other regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of the energy efficiency level on the competitiveness of hotel real estate. Research objectives: analysis of trends in the hotel real estate market, determination of indicators of competitiveness of hotel facilities depending on the type of accommodation, consumer requests and the level of energy efficiency, calculation of the integral indicator of competitiveness of hotel real estate. Research methods: comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization, expert evaluation method. As a result of the study, the key factors of the competitiveness of hotel facilities are identified and the methodology for calculating the integral indicator of competitiveness is given.

Defining breeding objectives for sustainability in cattle: challenges and opportunities

This paper reviews breeding objectives of the current global cattle industry and outlines existing challenges and opportunities for improving sustainability in the livestock sector through genetic selection. Cattle breeding programs have historically been focused on generating profit by selecting for high-producing animals and broadened to include traits related to health, reproduction, fertility, and efficiency. Now, cattle industries around the world are using genetics to reduce their environmental impacts and improve sustainability. Reducing emissions is vital to improve sustainability, and industry leaders have set emission goals to either reduce gross emissions, lower emissions intensity, or reach net-zero. However, additional traits should also be measured and compared in terms of their impact on the broader definition of sustainability. In addition to environmental impact, a sustainable breeding objective must consider profit, animal welfare, farmer wellbeing, and social responsibility. Traits to be considered include direct emissions (e.g. nitrogen and methane), production efficiency (e.g. feed efficiency, growth), closer to biology reproduction and fertility (e.g. oestrous strength and semen quality), health (e.g. calf and transition cow health) and welfare traits (e.g. polled). Many of these novel traits require labour-intensive or expensive phenotyping, resulting in small datasets and low reliability of estimated breeding values. Opportunities exist to overcome this limitation by utilising international collaboration to build large data bases, develop inexpensive and easy-to-measure proxy traits, and expand novel-phenotype reference populations by using female-driven reference populations and young stock and males. Non-economic values can be estimated that quantify the impact that a trait has on societal perspective (e.g. farmer preference) or the environmental impact (methane emissions), and combined with economic weights to calculate aggregate weights for each trait. While validation techniques are still uncertain, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals may be applied to determine the improvement in sustainability due to genetic selection. This approach allows for various perspectives of sustainability, such as in the developed versus developing world, to be considered. The number and quality of relevant phenotypes are currently the main limiting factors. As confidence continues to grow in the opportunity to improve sustainability through genetic selection, substantial new investment will be required both in phenotyping activities, but also into novel breeding structures and scheme designs that can maximise the value and impact of these phenotypes.

Organization of restoration and repair works

Housing stock and the objects of industrial production of our country are represented by constructions, which were erected in the XX century, XIX century and pre-revolutionary time. Among them there are constructions built with using of natural stone and brick. The service time of this constructions is several decades or hundreds of years. Considerable amount of this value are constructions of the first industrial generation and objects of cultural heritage under the state protection. Nowadays, because of untimely overhaul and restoration, it is very complicated to bring masonry cultural heritage objects in normal technical state, accounting the negative effect of natural climatic factors. Monitoring of technical state of this objects is quite important for timely carrying out the overhaul, restoration and reconstruction. This government-controlled task has actual significance. Preservation of this objects in good technical state is important in general for the Russian Federation. Domestic researchers developed effective method for the monitoring of technical state of masonry architecture structures. It takes to the account the main natural climatic factors as the influence of solar radiation, wind load, freezing and defrosting of building materials. This article describes a method which considers the restoration works on the example of brick building according to order of Moscow City department of non-residential premises is given to AK “Mosagropromstroy”. The restoration works is made with preliminary deterioration assessment.

Composition and Diversity of Microbial Communities of Industrial Environment Objects

Composition and Diversity of Microbial Communities of Industrial Environment Objects

Organization of restoration and repair works

Housing stock and the objects of industrial production of our country are represented by constructions, which were erected in the XX century, XIX century and pre-revolutionary time. Among them there are constructions built with using of natural stone and brick. The service time of this constructions is several decades or hundreds of years. Considerable amount of this value are constructions of the first industrial generation and objects of cultural heritage under the state protection.Nowadays, because of untimely overhaul and restoration, it is very complicated to bring masonry cultural heritage objects in normal technical state, accounting the negative effect of natural climatic factors. Monitoring of technical state of this objects is quite important for timely carrying out the overhaul, restoration and reconstruction.This government-controlled task has actual significance. Preservation of this objects in good technical state is important in general for the Russian Federation. Domestic researchers developed effective method for the monitoring of technical state of masonry architecture structures. It takes to the account the main natural climatic factors as the influence of solar radiation, wind load, freezing and defrosting of building materials. This article describes a method which considers the restoration works on the example of brick building according to order of Moscow City department of non-residential premises is given to AK "Mosagropromstroy". The restoration works is made with preliminary deterioration assessment.

FBI Against Terrorism: Investigation and PR

Based on the study of a number of examples of politically motivated terrorist attacks and sabotage on the infrastructure of the United States in 1914—1920, the authors examine their background and impact on the development of the (Federal — since 1935) Bureau of Investigation. The authors of this article adhere to the traditional definitions of a terrorist act and sabotage accepted in domestic historical science and law. A terrorist act (terrorist act) is the commission of an explosion, arson or other actions that frighten the population and create the threat of human death, significant property damage or other serious consequences, with the aim of destabilizing the activities of authorities or international organizations or influence their decision-making, as well as the threat of committing the above actions for the same purposes . Diversion is a method of armed struggle, actions of specially prepared units (groups) or individuals in the rear of the enemy to disable military, industrial and other objects, destruction of roads and means of communication, nodes and lines of communication, objects of vital importance of population, disruption of command of troops, destruction of manpower and equipment, influence on the moral and psychological state of troops and the enemy population . The authors conclude that the administrative structure and methods of work of the Bureau of Investigation of the United States have changed due to new threats to law and order in the United States. The article is written in the problem-chronological method: politically motivated terrorist acts are examined first, followed by random (arbitrary) terrorist self-detonations, and this empirical series ends with an account of the 1916 Manhattan War Materials Depot sabotage. We consider the anarchist attacks of 1919, as well as the famous Sacco and Vanzetti case, as two of the earliest and most striking examples of political terror in the United States, to which the young Bureau of Investigation had to respond.

Digital model reconstruction through 3D Stereo Depth camera: a faster method exploiting robot poses

In industrial robotic contact-based operations it is necessary to have a detailed geometrical knowledge of the work-piece to automate the generation of the working trajectory. In many cases, the digital model is not available or it differs from its as built actual conditions. Vision sensors, especially 3D vision sensors allows to scan the work-piece and reconstruct its digital copy that is used for the generation of the robotic working trajectory. In this paper we compare two algorithms for the generation of the 3D model of an unknown work-piece based on the use of the RGB-D images taken from different perspectives. The first technique, based on standard image reconstruction methods commonly used for reconstruction of indoor scenes where error in the order of few centimeters is negligible, is exploited in this work in order to be exploited in contact-based robotic operations where the geometrical error has to be limited to few millimeters. It is based on the analysis of the images to estimate the camera pose taking each image. Based on the pose, the algorithm integrates then the information contained in the images in a unique volume representing the scene. The second algorithm directly uses the known poses of the robot, stored while capturing each image, to integrate the information to create the model. The two algorithms are compared to evaluate the accuracy, acquisition time and elaboration time. The analysis is done considering two kinds of objects, the first one with regular shape, the second one corresponding to an actual industrial object.