Industry Linkages Research Articles

Industry linkage, spatial correlation, and city exports: case study of the textile and clothing export industry in China

Many studies focus on economic growth in cities, but few investigate urban export growth. This paper discusses city export differences from the perspective of industry linkage and spatial correlation. The study employs a spatial simultaneous equation to investigate these issues using 2007–2016 customs data obtained from the Chinese customs database and Chinese prefecture-level city panel data. We examine three sub-industries of the textile and clothing export industry as an example: chemical fiber exports, textile exports, and clothing exports. Our findings show that the demand linkage is greater than the cost linkage within a city, the intra-industry spatial interactions across cities lead to export agglomeration, and the inter-industry spatial interactions across cities lead to export dispersion. Further, in general, promoting the development of only the downstream export industry will drive the expansion of the upstream export industry. This study provides a new explanation to better understand the spatial distribution of China’s exports, thereby offering important policy implications for stabilizing national development.

Structural analysis of inter-industrial linkages: an application to the Australian construction industry

With the rapid growth in economic and technological development, the linkage of the construction industry with the economy has changed in the past decades, which may have generated corresponding changes in other industries. This study sheds new light on the measurement of structural changes in the inter-industrial linkages of an industry using the Leontief model and the Ghosh model based on the hypothetical extraction method. The Australian national input–output tables provided in the World Input–Output Database are employed as an empirical study exploring the influence of construction linkages on other industries’ production input and output. The results indicate that construction effects have become weaker in relation to promoting economic growth, although the mining and quarrying industry and some service industry activities demonstrate strong and positive backward and forward linkages with the construction industry in Australia. This research provides an approach for measuring corresponding changes in other industries caused by one industry’s inter-industrial changes.

Airportlization: The Inevitable Choice of the Integration and Innovation of the exhibition Industry in the Age of Traffic Economy——Practical observation in China

The Internet revolution has had a significant impact on the global economy and society. Human beings are moving from the industrial age to information civilization. As one of the representatives of the new economic form in information civilization, the flow economy will become a new economic development model. Both the exhibition economy and the airport economy have the attributes of flow economy, and both of them are developing rapidly in China. They both are in a state of integration and development. The integration of exhibition economy and airport economy is based on the functional synergy of industrial chain integration, and the spatial integration of urban exhibition clusters and airport economic zones. Based on the theory of industrial chain integration, industrial integration and economic symbiosis, this paper puts forward the concept of the integration of exhibition economy and airport economy. We try to construct functional synergy model and spatial integration model, and propose the mechanism of industry chain sharing, co-governance and symbiosis and comprehensive cost-oriented mechanism. Finally, suggestions were made on the location selection of the airport exhibition industry, the exhibition industry and the airport industry linkage, and the regional competition and cooperation of the airport exhibition industry.

The Contribution of Lesotho Dairy Products to the Livelihoods of Dairy Farm Households in Maseru and Berea Districts in Lesotho

Agriculture forms a major source of livelihood for many people in Lesotho. The major agricultural activities include crop production and animal husbandry. Many farmers produce agricultural goods, mainly crops for subsistence purposes. There are also some subsistence farmers who participate in animal husbandry. Subsistence farmers keep livestock mainly for social and economic purposes. For instance, some farmers rear animals for prestige, ploughing, paying bride prices as well as producing milk for household use. The traditional breeds of cattle in many parts of Lesotho are kept mainly for domestic use. Despite a large number of Basotho farmers keeping livestock for subsistence purposes, there are some farmers who rear cattle for producing milk. These cattle are purchased from the neighbouring South Africa, while some are crossbred in the country. Some dairy farmers are members of associations, while others are not. Both association members and non-members market the milk in the local dairy industry, Lesotho Dairy Products (LDP). The supply of milk to the local dairy industry is not sustainable due to the small number of farmers participating in dairy farming. This has thwarted the capacity of the dairy industry to produce a variety of dairy products for the domestic market. As a result, the local market is flooded with milk products imported from South Africa. This shows that the forward linkage between LDP and farmers is too weak. This has in turn affected the output (backward linkage) of the dairy industry negatively. The industry specialises in the production of a few dairy products. Besides creating employment opportunities for dairy farmers, farm workers, as well as people working in the industry, the dairy industry has limited backward linkage within the local economy. It does not produce essential agricultural inputs for farmers such as pesticides and dairy cattle. In the light of these, this research study investigates the contribution of the dairy industry in improving the lives of dairy farm households and the economy of Lesotho. This is achieved by looking at production linkages (forward and backward) between dairy farmers and LDP.

Intangible capital and measured productivity

Because firms invest heavily in R&D, software, brands, and other intangible assets—at a rate close to that of tangible assets—changes in GDP, which does not include all intangible investments, understate the actual changes in total output. If labor inputs are more precisely measured, then it is possible to observe little change in measured total factor productivity (TFP) coincidentally with large changes in hours and investment. The output mismeasurement leaves business cycle modelers with large and unexplained labor wedges accounting for most of the fluctuations in aggregate data. To address this issue, I incorporate intangible investments into a multi-sector general equilibrium model and use data from an updated U.S. input and output table to parameterize income and cost shares, with intangible investments reassigned from intermediate to final uses. I employ maximum-likelihood methods and quarterly observations on sectoral gross outputs for the United States to estimate processes for latent sectoral TFPs that have common and sector-specific components. I do not use aggregate hours to estimate TFPs but find that the predicted hours series compares closely with the actual series and accounts for roughly two-thirds of its standard deviation. I find that sector-specific shocks and industry linkages play an important role in accounting for fluctuations and comovements in aggregate and industry-level U.S. data, and I find that at business-cycle frequencies, the model's common component of TFP is not correlated with the standard measures of aggregate TFP used in the macroeconomic literature. Adding financial frictions and stochastic shocks to financing constraints has a negligible impact on the results.

Framework for accounting for tourism carbon emissions in China: An industrial linkage perspective

Understanding tourism carbon emissions and their influencing factors from the perspective of industrial linkages can inform policy-making in the development of sustainable tourism. Based on a combination of the environmental input–output (I-O) model and structural decomposition analysis, this article develops a novel framework for analyzing the industrial linkage pathways of China’s carbon emissions linked to tourism and identifying the driving factors affecting change in carbon emissions embodied in the supply chain. Results reveal that most carbon emissions linked to China’s broad-sense or narrow-sense tourism industry derive from some critical upstream industries, that is, indirect carbon emissions resulting from the intermediate production processes. Significant differences exist in the industrial linkage pathways of carbon emissions between tourism subsectors; thus, emission reduction policies for the broad-sense or narrow-sense tourism industry should be formulated based on these key interindustrial linkage pathways. The direct energy consumption intensity effect and energy structure effect are beneficial to carbon emission reduction, while the I-O structure effect reverses the effect on carbon emission reduction from negative to positive.

Explaining deindustrialisation from a vertical perspective: industrial linkages, producer services, and international trade

ABSTRACT This paper aims to provide new findings on the extent of the deindustrialisation process by adopting a new subsystem approach. In particular, we have extended the subsystem approach in a multi-country setting using world input-output tables. An empirical investigation is carried out on the four largest eurozone countries based on the World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The results show the substantial fall in labour intensity of production, rather than a real decline in manufacturing. We establish a series of facts concerning deindustrialisation. First, international fragmentation of inter-industry linkages has rapidly increased. Second, a pervasive process of falling employment has been influenced by decline in domestic demand. Third, the direction of this change is driven by the technological and innovative intensity of subsystems. Fourth, we show increasing specialisation in producer services within the manufacturing subsystem.

Industrial linkage of embodied CO2 emissions: Evidence based on an absolute weighted measurement method

This paper employs absolute weighted measurement method (AWMM) to estimate carbon-based backward and forward linkage in China from 1995 to 2014. The results reveal that construction sector was the largest CO2 emitter from the demand side, and it contributed more than 40% of the total demand side CO2 emissions in 2014. Transport equipment sector and electrical and optical equipment sector became more influential on the demand side CO2 emissions shown by increasing carbon-based backward linkages. The upstream resource sectors had a great driving effect on the supply side CO2 emissions indicated by large carbon-based forward linkage. Electricity, gas and water supply was a vital driver in the CO2 emissions from both demand and supply side, and it was most carbon-intensive. The empirical analysis discloses that economic industrial linkage affected carbon-based industrial linkage significantly. Hence, promoting renewable energy utilization to make energy structure cleaner is essential for the CO2 emission mitigation in China. Enhancing technological innovation of manufacturing sectors to raise position in the global value chain is crucial for industrial upgrading in the context of low carbonization.

Development of Safety and Health Culture of Construction Project Through Academic Institution and Industry Linkages on TVET Platform: A Proposed Study

The increasing trend of occupational accident due to unsafe behavior and unsafe act especially in construction site suggests the need for more effective assessment model or framework towards a more proactive measure. The objective of this study is to development of safety and health culture of construction project through academic institution and industry linkages through Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) platform. The cooperation of employers and employees, together with the government agencies, Academic institution, public –private networking and the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) of Malaysia towards excellence safety culture and sustainable development. The review on construction industry and related issues, Institutional perspectives on safety climate, a systems approach to workforce development and Malaysia’s TVET developments is the key element of study and it is combination of several approaches. The framework of the study and flowchart were present to ensure the proposed study is ready to execute.

Analysis on Spatial Pattern and Driving Factors of Carbon Emission in Urban–Rural Fringe Mixed-Use Communities: Cases Study in East Asia

Urban-intensive areas are responsible for an estimated 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. The urban–rural fringe areas emit more greenhouse gases than urban centers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial pattern and driving factors of carbon emissions in urban–rural fringe mixed-use communities, and to develop planning methods to reduce carbon emissions in communities. This study identifies mixed-use communities in East Asian urban–rural fringe areas as industrial, commercial, tourism, and rental-apartment communities, subsequently using the emission factor method to calculate carbon emissions. The statistical information grid analysis and geographic information systems spatial analysis method are employed to analyze the spatial pattern of carbon emission and explore the relationship between established space, industrial economy, material consumption, social behavior, and carbon emission distribution characteristics by partial least squares regression, ultimately summing up the spatial pattern of carbon emission in the urban–rural fringe areas of East Asia. Results show that (1) mixed-use communities in the East Asian urban–rural fringe areas face tremendous pressure to reduce emissions. Mixed-use community carbon emissions in the late urbanization period are lower than those the early urbanization. (2) Mixed-use community carbon emission is featured by characteristics, such as planning structure decisiveness, road directionality, infrastructure directionality, and industrial linkage. (3) Industrial communities produce the highest carbon emissions, followed by rental-apartment communities, business communities, and tourism communities. (4) The driving factor that most affects the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is the material energy consumption. The fuel consumption per unit of land is the largest driver of carbon emissions. Using the obtained spatial pattern and its driving factors of carbon emissions, this study provides suggestions for planning and construction, industrial development, material consumption, and convenient life guidance.

Sectoral carbon linkages of Indian economy based on hypothetical extraction model

Purpose Presentation of the different industrial carbon linkages of India. The purpose of this paper is to understand the direct and indirect impact of these industrial linkages. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a hypothetical extraction method with its various extensions. Under this method, different carbon linkages of a block are removed from the economy, and the effects of carbon linkages are determined by the difference between the original and the post-removal values. Energy and non-energy carbon linkages are also estimated. Findings “Electricity, gas and water supply (EGW)” at 655.61 Mt and 648.74 Mt had the highest total and forward linkages. “manufacturing and recycling” at 231.48 Mt had the highest backward linkage. High carbon-intensive blocks of “EGW” plus “mining and quarrying” were net emitters, while others were net absorbers. “Fuel and chemicals” at 0.08 Mt had almost neutral status. Hard coal was the main source of direct and indirect emissions. Practical implications Net emitting and key net forward blocks should reduce direct emission intensities. India should use its huge geographical potential for industrial accessibility to cheaper alternative energy. This alongside with technology/process improvements catalyzed by policy tools can help in mitigation efforts. Next, key net-backward blocks such as construction through intermediate purchases significantly stimulate emissions from other blocks. Tailored mitigation policies are needed in this regard. Originality/value By developing an understanding of India’s industrial carbon links, this study can guide policymakers. In addition, the paper lays out the framework for estimating energy and non-energy-based industrial carbon links.

Initial stage analysis of conceptual data model of International Research, Innovation, Conference, and Competition System (IRICC)

Over the past ten years, Universiti Teknologi MARA Terengganu Branch (UiTMTB) Malaysia through Department of Research and Industrial Linkages has actively organizing conferences and innovation competitions as a platform for the researchers (i.e. lecturers and students) to share knowledge and exchange ideas in various field of expertise. All these events encourage researchers to be more productive to write and submit their research work for publication. The Department of Research and Industrial Linkages, UiTMTB has put a great deal of effort from planning until implementation to organize and ensure each of the programmes’ objectives achieved successfully. However, initial investigation has found that the Department of Research and Industrial Linkages, UiTMTB still struggling to execute four main tasks which are i) participants registration, ii) reviewing process, iii) article status notification, and iv) fees payment process as all of these tasks have to be performed manually by the program committees. This has led to errors such as disorganize information, and miscommunication among the team members, reviewers, and participants throughout organizing the programmes. Looking at the situation, it indicates that the program committees needs a systematic system to execute all the critical tasks efficiently and effectively. Therefore, this study aims to propose a conceptual data model namely Conceptual Data Model of International Research, Innovation, Conference and Competition (IRICC) System that specifically address the user requirement particularly in organizing conferences and innovation competitions. Prior to developed the proposed model, initial stage of analysis to determine the availability and the needs has to be carried out. Three phases of research activities have been conducted which are (i) user experience investigation, (ii) analysis of the previous works, and (iii) result analysis. Having carried out all three phases of research activities it was found that a Conceptual Data Model of International Research, Innovation, Conference and Competition (IRICC) System is urgently need to be explored.

Effect of agglomeration on technical efficiency of small and medium‐sized garment firms in Egypt

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of agglomeration on technical efficiency of small and medium‐sized garment firms in Egypt. Using a sample of 502 firms, we estimated a translog stochastic frontier production function with inefficiency components. We also applied a switching regression model to address self‐selection in choice of agglomeration. Results confirm that agglomeration enhances technical efficiency of sampled firms through development of industrial linkages and accumulation of human capital. Given the increasing importance of cluster‐based development policies, we underscore the need to promote agglomeration of garment firms, and thereby foster forward and backward linkages to improve their efficiency and to develop global value chains.

Students Awareness of Industrial Linkages Among The Universities

The examination researched modern communications in arts, science, engineering and 'management' branches of four universities in Tamilnadu. Spurring variables and limitations saw by university divisions and the job of the legislature in starting and supporting communications were inspected. Various sorts of associations with industry were shown in the four chose universities. Some particular activities like making of infrequent focuses to encourage collaboration with industry were seen in most of the chose universities. Individual contact was demonstrated as the significant helper in the inception of linkages. The administration had taken some significant activities to reinforce the college business interface. The study focuses on the need of mounting further linkages with the goal that they can prompt, effective and commonly beneficial results for both college and industry. Further, the university circles welcome the industrialized society as it provides an occasion to occupation on real-life industrial problems. In addition, active commitment of commerce, human resources in academic activities along with exposure to students/ research scholars to industrial settings through internships help in the growth of the required skill-set.

The Relevance of Media Studies Education to Industry: Insights From the Leading Media Schools of Pakistan

This study provides valuable data comprising analysis of existing practices in the sampled media departments of the leading private and public sector universities of Karachi in the context of Wheeler’s conceptual model. The research looked into the aims and objectives, the curriculum, the faculty, and industry linkages of the media programs under study. For this purpose, four universities of Karachi where media programs were being offered were taken for the study. The data were collected through the analyses of the available documents open to the public and interviews of relevant heads of departments besides review of the relevant literature. The data were triangulated and themes were extracted that pointed toward the many areas in media education in Pakistan which require improvements.

Measuring the economic contribution of tourism to destinations within an input-output framework: some methodological issues

The input-output model is a traditional tool employed in the literature for measuring the contribution of an economic activity within a given territory. In the case of tourism, this methodological framework has been used to estimate the contribution of the tourism sector as a whole, and for specific products in the tourism market, such as cruise visits. The present paper computes the economic contribution of international tourism arriving at three major destinations on the Mediterranean coast of Spain; namely, Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca and Alicante. For each destination, both the country-level and regional-based input-output tables were employed, using the INTERTIO project, a regional input-output framework developed for the Spanish economy by the Lawrence Klein Institute of the Autonomous University of Madrid. The results show important differences in the magnitude of the computed economic effects between the country and regional approaches. To shed more light on the issue, we identify the main sources driving such dissimilar results, including the role of backward linkages of industries and the differing sectoral distributions of initial economic effects. Finally, we point to the role played by specific sectors in the model in amplifying the initial effects by using a centrality analysis of hub-and-authority effects. The methodological discussion in the paper helps to highlight the need for using the regional input-output model when available, and the other additional methodological tools we provide throughout the study for more accurately computing the economic impact of tourism for particular regions or destinations.

The Synergism of Food Industry and the Local Economy in Addressing Rural-Urban Linkage in Semarang Regency

Industry in Semarang Regencyis still dominated by the wearing apparel industry subsector which is labor intensive and footloose that tends to be located around urban areas. But, in certain potential sub-sectors such as food industry has a strong linkage with the agriculture and livestock, and geographically tends to be located around the periphery or rural areas. It establishes sectoral specialization at the local level, potentially to form industrial clusters and encourages spatial integration between rural and urban areas. This research aims: (1) to identify the synergism of food industry and local economy; and (2) to understand how the synergism address the rural-urban linkage in the region. The research was done in district and sub-district (meso) level during 2018-2019. The research uses data of Large and Medium Industries (LMIs), related Small Industries (SIs), and the local economy. Quantitative-qualitative descriptive analysis is used to identify the synergism of food industry and the local economy and how it addresses the rural-urban linkages. Result shows the synergism of food industry and local economy in Semarang Regencypotentially encourages the linkages between this sub-sector with livestock and horticulture or the agricultural sector in general. The linkage of food industry and agriculture region shows the proximity of industry to the source of raw materials in rural areas. This synergism increases positive externalities of industry such as job creation, increased investment value and knowledge transfer. Urban and metropolitan areas become the potential market for food industry products. Food industry encourages the spatial integration between rural and urban or mutual rural-urban linkages. It can explain the regional network based on the clustering model through providing opportunities for the development of local economic or endowment factors in the region. The cluster strategy approach is used in the development of this sub-sector in order to increase regional competitiveness. The development of small towns in periphery regions or rural areas can be a counterbalance to the tendency of over-urbanization in the metropolitan areas.

Comparative assessment of the inter-sectoral communications of the light industry of Ukraine and the certain countries EU

The light industry is an important inter-sectoral segment and a chain of individual production areas. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comparative assessment of the cross-sectoral linkages of light industry of Ukraine with some EU countries and to prepare relevant analytical conclusions. The research revealed that the largest consumers of light industry products in 2013-2017 in Ukraine were the industries that belonged to this type of industrial activity (textile, clothing, leather and other materials), as well as the trade, furniture industry, public administration, and defense. The key problem for the functioning of the Ukrainian light industry is its high import dependence. In particular, the share of imports in intermediate consumption of light industry of Ukraine in 2017 was almost 60%. The share of imports in the expenditures of the Ukrainian light industry was almost 49%. The production activities of light industry in Ukraine use products of many ECs, but the main suppliers of raw materials and components are: textile production, production of clothing, leather, and other materials; production of chemicals and chemical products; wholesale and retail trade; supply of electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning. In 2017, these four sectors totaled 70.74%. The following types of industrial activity in Ukraine have a significant potential for increasing output: production of rubber and plastic products; production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; production of other vehicles; public administration and defense; compulsory social security; health care and social assistance. The further development and improvement of the technological level of Ukrainian light industry products requires greater integration of the latter with the trade sector. However, the trade sector in Ukraine requires a thorough “unshadowing”, i.e. legalization of all operations.

Analysis on Industrial Linkages and Driving Effects of Chinese Fishery Industry Based on Input-Output Model

Wang, Y.; Cheng, B., and Qin, G., 2019. Analysis on industrial linkages and driving effects of Chinese fishery industry based on input-output model. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 363–366. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Based on the national input-output (IO) tables from 2002, 2007, and 2012, this paper summarized the development of China's fishery industry and studied the industrial linkage and driving effects between the fishery industry and other sectors of the national economy. The results show that the output scale, gross domestic product, wages, and social welfare of China's fishery industry have all increased significantly, but the tax revenue and profits have decreased rapidly. The direct driving capacity, induced driving capacity, and total driving capacity of China's fishery industry all show a continuous downward trend, dropping from 1.1107, 4.8108, and 6.9478 to 1.0609, 3.4635, and 5.5293, respectively. The indirect driving capacity rises first and then declines, rising from 1.0263 to 1.1155 and then falling to 1.0049. The driving effect of China's fishery industry on other sectors is limited and shows a weakening trend.

Understanding Dynamics of Success at Midcareer Stage of Management Employees

Mid-career stage is also called as midlife, mid-career life mid work life. There is a linear progression in one’s life and an individual moves up in the career ladder through changing various jobs and being ready to hop further. In the process there are many factors which lead to success of an individual .As the journey moves on the factors varies from one to another. Competition is rising gradually in all sectors and so do education sector is also affected. This picture is clearly visible in management institutes or b schools which are mushrooming every nook and corner. These institutions are attracting students mostly through branding to get more and more admission and enrolment into their institute. This is a theoretical study and an attempt to analyze the branding of management institute and other factors influencing the success of midlife career stage into the professional life. Both secondary and primary data was studied on the given topic Primary data was collected by survey of 360 management employees (age group 35-45 years) who have done MBA from different branded Management education Institutions. A well-structured questionnaire with closed ended questions to know the effect of branding and other influencers on the success in their latter part of career was analyzed. The technique used is multiple linear regression techniques. Reputation, Image, Ranking, Accreditation, foreign collaboration and industry linkages has significant impact on to the initial part of students joining the companies which affects a prospective candidate during the placement but gradually as he moves upward in the ladder of his career the other factors like type of personality he develops, past experiences in different companies, network and relationships with high potentials and capable people start influencing more to his success. Few limitations came across like study was conducted in the city of Mumbai hence geographically limited to one cultural and social region of Maharashtra. The managerial implications is that this study will be helpful to the management institute to find the correlation between the branding strategy and other success factors at mid-career success based on which they may prepare their future marketing strategies. The originality of the study is to connect branding and other factors influencing mid-career success.