Conservation Of Industrial Heritage Research Articles

Frontier Revitalisation of Industrial Heritage with Urban–Rural Fringe in China

The urban–rural fringe is at the forefront of the confrontation between the agricultural and industrial civilisations. How to handle the relationship between the two civilisations in this region and ensure its sustainable development is an eternal topic in the science of the human-living environment. Thanks to the special historical background of the Third Line construction, China’s industrial heritage connects with the urban–rural fringe that surpasses other countries. For the first time, this study connects China’s Third Line construction, industrial heritage, and urban–rural integration within the same context, combining big data bibliometric methods to obtain the development characteristics and context of China’s industrial heritage research starting from 2004. It has strong policy characteristics, is influenced by administrative orders, and is aligned with urbanisation efforts. Theoretical exploration is the first step in research, followed by value connotations and cultural qualities. It addresses various topics, including industrial heritage conservation, regeneration approaches, and cultural heritage tourism. The research focuses primarily on the value appraisal of industrial heritage, exploring revitalisation tactics and routes, as well as regional development models in urban–rural periphery areas. This study also examines how scholars generally consider the impact of industrial heritage on the economic, social, and cultural development of urban–rural fringe areas in order to integrate and propose various protection and utilisation strategies, such as industrial heritage preservation, cultural and creative industry development, and tourism resource development.

Construction of the Chinese Route of Industrial Heritage Based on Spatial and Temporal Distribution Analysis

In the context of cultural routes, in order to achieve overall protection of industrial heritage, the European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) was established to organize and promote the entire European industrial heritage. The conservation and utilization of Chinese industrial heritage are currently dominated by individual cases, which limits their potential to contribute to regional sustainable development. There is an urgent need of a conservation system at the regional or national level, to ensure that Chinese industrial heritage conservation effectively contributes to regional sustainable development. This study considers the industrial heritage of China built between 1840 and 1978 to establish the Chinese Industrial Heritage GIS Database (CIHGD). The analysis shows that the distribution of China’s industrial heritage is mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern coastal areas, and the industrial heritage has formed three key regions, 14 key cities, and important railway and water systems located in eastern China. The CRIH facilitates the holistic conservation of China’s industrial heritage and provides basic data for future research on China’s industrial heritage. The objective of this study is to promote the establishment of an information-based management system for industrial heritage in China, and to explore the value evaluation, protection system, and regional tourism of industrial heritage from a national perspective in China.

Examined in Theory—Applicable in Practice: Potentials of Sustainable Industrial Heritage Conservation in a Contemporary Context—The Case of Belgrade

The industrial heritage of the city of Belgrade is the focus of this research, which highlights the possibilities of preserving industrial heritage from the perspective of a contemporary context and sustainable development. Guided by theoretical principles on the preservation of cultural and industrial heritage, their values, authenticity and spirit of place, as well as the idea of the necessity of integrating industrial heritage into the contemporary context, this paper aims to examine the possibilities for the preservation of industrial heritage following theoretically established principles, with the introduction of new uses and sustainable solutions. The analysis of the case studies of Belgrade’s industrial heritage presented in this paper results from research conducted by the teachers, associates and students of the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture. The research focuses on the possibilities of translating the principles of preserving cultural and industrial heritage from their theoretical definition to practical application. The students’ conceptual solutions for protection, revitalisation and presentation of the analysed case studies represent the research results. An important aspect of this paper is defining the criteria for valorising students’ conceptual solutions, which are aligned with the principles of preserving cultural heritage and establishing sustainable development. The valorisation of students’ conceptual solutions through a defined set of criteria indicates real possibilities for the simultaneous preservation of all the values of industrial heritage and its transformation into a social, ecological and economic resource of the contemporary city.

BİR ENDÜSTRİ MİRASININ KORUMA ALTINA ALINMA SÜRECİ: GÜNEYKENT ESKİ GÜLYAĞI FABRİKASI’NIN TESCİL SÜRECİ

Although successful examples of industrial heritage conservation are becoming increasingly common in Turkey, as well as worldwide, there is currently no comprehensive and integrated industrial heritage conservation example in Isparta, which has hosted numerous historical industrial structures such as carpet factories, leather factories, sulfur factories, and rose oil factories. The situation of rose oil factories, which have evolved from regional production to an industrial scale and are therefore significant in the context of industrial heritage, is particularly striking. Many of the factories built for rose oil production in the past have been demolished and have not survived to the present day. In this study, information about rose cultivation and rose oil production in Isparta was obtained from written and visual archives. The progress of rose cultivation in the region was examined, and determinations were made regarding the rose oil factories. The efforts made to protect and register these factories as industrial heritage were documented. The study utilized methods such as on-site observation, photographic documentation, and measurements for survey drawings, along with archival documents from factories and institutions. Determinations were also made for the Isparta rose oil factories. Attention was drawn to the necessity of preserving the Güneykent Old Rose Oil Factory, which is the most qualified and oldest existing example among these factories, as part of the industrial heritage. An application was made for its registration. The reasons for registering the building were addressed within the framework of the common principles of ICOMOS-TICCIH, emphasizing the importance of registration reasons in the conservation of industrial heritage and aiming to reveal the process of registration. This study provides a foundation for applications to conservation boards for the preservation of structures that maintain their authenticity but are in a dormant state.

A Study on Industrial Heritage Renewal Strategy Based on Hybrid Bayesian Network

A more scientific, objective, and reasonable renewal orientation is gradually becoming a research hotspot in the field of industrial heritage conservation and renewal. This study selected five samples to carry out field investigation and face-to-face interviews. POI data were collected and analyzed, which revealed the relationship between environmental resources and the five samples based on the kernel density estimation method. Sequentially, we unprecedentedly created a complete BN-POI-AHP hybrid Bayesian network model that was used to implement simulation analysis of the industrial heritage of the Former Site Museum of Changchun Film Studio. A renewal orientation and a strategy for the community comprehensive sports ground were determined based on the results of the simulation data through the previous model. We eventually achieved a sustainable renewal strategy and innovative research method for industrial heritage, from objective data collection and simulation model creation to generation of a final reasonable plan.

Industrial heritage in Rio de Janeiro´s docklands area: a proposal for conservation and reuse

This paper aims to discuss the conservation of industrial structures that are unoccupied or under-occupied in the Docklands Area of Rio de Janeiro and that constitute examples of great cultural value, not only for their building system and aesthetic qualities but for the very construction of cultural significance in the urban history of the city. As the main argument, we sustain deactivated warehouses occupation might be relevant to Rio's industrial heritage conservation. Investigating successful experiences in Brazil and abroad, this research examines the possible reuse of old industrial buildings in the Docklands Area based on the theories of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certeau on the 'practiced place' adopting, in parallel, the concepts of Beatriz Kühl on the restoration and reuse of industrial heritage. The proposal is that such warehouses should be rehabilitated and occupied by artistic groups formed in the neighbourhoods so that they become appropriated by the local users of the area.

Conceptual Suggestions for Re-functioned Industrial Heritage Buildings

Cultural architectural heritage is an important urban focus that forms the core of the historical environment and houses the historical buildings of ancient settlements. The developments in technology that the Industrial Revolution brought about in the 18th century increased rapidly until the beginning of the 20th century as it took the whole world under its influence, the production with human power was transferred to machines, and the factories were started to be built.
 
 Industry is a production technique phenomenon. Due to its historical and social nature, industrial buildings, which are among the historical buildings, are an important architectural heritage that includes the historical, technological, social, architectural, and scientific values of the industrial culture of the period. With the expansion of cultural heritage, the concept of "industrial heritage" emerged. Modern conservation approach gains importance today in the protection and re-evaluation of industrial heritage. In conservation studies, it is important not only to conserve the building structure, but also to conserve it with the traces of the production technique that forms its identity. However, today, in our country, which entered the industrialization process long after the West, the necessary importance and attention, is not paid to the industrial structures. With the change in the social and economic conditions of the time, industrial structures with historical value, most of which lost their function, became unusable by abandoning or destroying.
 
 The aim of this study is to determine the social, architectural and usage characteristics of the industrial buildings established in different periods of history in the Anatolian city, to perform their typological determinations and structural analyzes and to examine their effects on the city view. Building conservation and evaluation is about raising awareness of new uses and methods, industrial heritage conservation and their re-functioning and covers the process of making new/contemporary interior design. In the context of re-evaluation, original design works that do not harm its historical identity and are designed to be recycled to restore urban memory and identity were discussed as a course topic "Industrial Heritage and Conservation" with Hasan Kalyoncu University Architecture-Interior Architecture Department’s students in the semesters of 2020-2022.

Heritage conservation as a territorialised urban strategy: conservative reuse of socialist industrial heritage in China

ABSTRACT Industrial heritage conservative reuse has become a territorialised urban strategy in China’s recent urban regeneration programmes in which the local state mobilises appropriate property market participants. The spatialised interpretation of two socialist industrial heritage sites in Hangzhou reveals that industrial heritage conservation has been undertaken as property commodity development with built environment enhancement and economic rewards as priorities. Cultural values and social narratives have yet to be reconstructed to play critical roles in the territorialisation of industrial heritage. Anticipated community engagement and non-state interests’ bargaining power have been restrained by the state who exerts vigilance against social unrest that could be brought by heritage conservation.

Preserving the Memory of Work and Associated Techniques Through Industrial Heritage in Spain

Technological and cultural advances have meant that many once commonplace modes of production and trades have lost their usefulness and raison d’être, giving way to new, more efficiency and productivity. In numerous cases, these trades and their associated knowledge, techniques and ways of life possess high intangible ethnographic values. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze some of the key strategies for keeping these techniques alive so that they do not fall into oblivion and to transmit knowledge of them to future generations. The study method was based on dialogical fieldwork conducted with the aim of learning about the human experience of protagonists in various industrial activities. Our results show that it is vital to maintain industrial heritage as a witness to these forms of production and to disseminate knowledge of different work cultures through the voices of their protagonists. This can be achieved by recording former workers’ narratives, which may provide valuable information concerning these individuals’ work identities. The results also suggest the route to industrial heritage conservation often involves the museumization of these spaces or their conversion into cultural centers. As part of this process, it is essential to give a voice to the protagonists and ensure the participation of former, mostly retired workers in any associated heritage dissemination activities. We conclude that contextualizing industrial heritage is an important means to comprehend and appreciate its symbolic component and to understand the underlying technological, social, and cultural changes.

Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Reuse of Urban Industrial Heritage: The Case of Tianjin, China

Urban industrial heritage is both a physical component of the city and an important carrier of urban memory, but there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis of industrial heritage in Tianjin and a need for a conservation system. This study took the industrial heritage of Tianjin built between 1860 and 1978 as the research object and used GIS technology to analyse the spatial and temporal distribution of industrial heritage and the current state of its reuse. The results show that in the temporal dimension, the distribution of industrial heritage in Tianjin shows a pattern of change of “gathering first, then scattering”, with the 1960s as the time point; in the spatial dimension, the existing industrial heritage shows a pattern of distribution along important transport routes—the Haihe River, the Jingfeng Railway and the Jinpu Railway, and there are three industrial heritage clusters. The conservation and reuse status of industrial heritage varies by resource type, but the overall state is poor. Based on the results of the above analysis, a holistic conservation concept of the “Tianjin Industrial Heritage Route” and a reuse strategy for different resource types of industrial heritage are proposed. This will help to integrate the reuse of Tianjin’s industrial heritage into the sustainable development of the city and provide a reference for the conservation of industrial heritage in other cities in China and even in the world.

Industrial heritage reuse ideas on the move: comparative case studies in Shanghai and Chongqing, China

ABSTRACT Following the transnational flow of industrial heritage conservation, urban China has adopted a cultural strategy – adaptive reuse of industrial heritage – for the transformation of the inner-city industrial landscape. However, a wide gap exists between the concepts and outcomes of conservation practices in most urban regeneration projects. Taking Shanghai and Chongqing as cases, this study traces the origin, process, and outcomes of industrial heritage reuse ideas. The analysis unravels the rationale for the making of discourse on heritage in local urban policies or projects. The territorialization of an idea of adaptively reusing heritage for urban regeneration merely commenced on a poetic imagination but closed on a real estate dimension, which responds to local institutional contextual constraints. This study relates the relationality – territoriality approach to heritage studies, reveals industrial heritage reuse ideas on the move in China, and argues that the reshaping of industrial heritage reuse ideas entails territoriality and relationality.

Conservation of the Shaft #1 Headgear at the Tsumeb Mine, Namibia: Corrosion Protection

ABSTRACT The Tsumeb Mine in Namibia represents one of the best-preserved mining sites in the world and is rapidly gaining cross-disciplinary interest among cultural and engineering scientists. Most of the open pit and the shaft mining equipment are still in place, including the ore processing units and the local power plant. The mining area thus deserves recognition as an industrial world heritage site, especially due to the rarity of such locations on the African continent. The Shaft #1 headgear, built in 1924, represents one of the oldest known riveted steel headgears of the Promnitz design worldwide. In contrast to similar steel structures located in the northern hemisphere, it has been exposed to a different rural semi-arid climate since it is located in the Otavi Mountain Land, characterized by semi-annual change of rainy and dry seasons. Parts of the Shaft #1 headgear have remained largely untouched for more than 70 years. Besides its outstanding heritage value, it thus also represents an interesting object for studying the composition of corrosion layers formed on mild steel surfaces when exposed to continental and industrial mining atmospheres. To find a suitable transparent corrosion prevention coating, various on-site coating samples were evaluated after 11 months of outdoor exposure, including Owatrol Oil®, which is based on natural oil and alkyd resin with strong wicking potential. The substance is frequently applied for the conservation of single components but is not yet widely used on large steel structures in the field of industrial heritage conservation. However, it represented the most stable anti-corrosion coating under the local atmospheric conditions in the on-site tests. Thus, the suitability of Owatrol Oil® as a transparent coating for corrosion protection of riveted mild steel structures in such climates was further investigated as a more recent approach for the conservation of large steel structures. Since the protective coatings are exposed to strong UV radiation in the local climate, the addition of a specific UV stabilizer mixture was also tested. For such laboratory tests, two mild steel samples were taken. The first one originated from a diagonal strut of the 1920s and the second one from a handrail mounted in the early 1960s. Using corresponding high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) it was found that the corrosion layers are predominantly composed of lepidocrocite and goethite. A weathering program simulating the specific environmental conditions at Tsumeb in a UV climate chamber was developed and the corrosion resistance of the mild steel surface was subsequently evaluated by potentiodynamic measurements. Such tests proved to be a fast and reliable procedure for ranking the corrosion resistance of the old mild steels. It was found that the long-term corrosion layers already provide significant protection against further corrosion in the simulated environment. However, the study also showed that this can be further improved by the application of the Owatrol Oil® as a protective coating that also seals crevices. The addition of the UV stabilizers, however, led to a significant deterioration in corrosion protection, even in comparison to that of the uncoated long-term corrosion layers on the surface. Regular overcoating seems more advisable for the long-term preservation of the Shaft #1 headgear than modifying the Owatrol Oil® coating with the tested UV-stabilizing additives.

A Study on Landscaping and Management with Conservation of Industrial Heritage at the Center of Nagoya City

A Study on Landscaping and Management with Conservation of Industrial Heritage at the Center of Nagoya City

Multi-Analytical Assessment of Bodied Drying Oil Varnishes and Their Use as Binders in Armour Paints

The characteristics of commercially available refined and bodied linseed and tung oils, used as binders in the production of armour paints after historic recipes, are explored. Employed as anticorrosive paints mainly from the 1920s to 1960s, armour paints are greener alternatives that can be used for protection in industrial heritage conservation. Using a multi-analytical approach, chemical and physical properties of the fresh oils and solid films before and after accelerated ageing (ISO 16474-2:2013) were investigated to better understand which features are beneficial for the technical function of armour paints. Tests included measurements of density, the refractive index, insoluble impurities, alkaline impurities, the water content, the iodine value, the saponification value, the free fatty acid concentration, the acid value, the peroxide value and colour (Lovibond) and cold tests. The characterisation of the fresh oils using molecular analysis with FTIR and GC-MS revealed the complexity of the commercial formulations, for which additions of semi- and non-drying oils were detected. The results show that organic paint binders follow complex chemical reactions (such as oxidation and decrease of unsaturation being variable or swelling following water-immersion tests), with implications for their suitability for use in protection.

Defining Industrial Heritage in the Indian Context

The narrative of Indian industrialization is unique, a country that is both industrializing and de-industrializing simultaneously and that is struggling in the discovery of its own identity within the myriad political, ethnic, social and economic discourses. The massive push given to industry in this contemporary era has a definitive impact on the urban landscape. The contemporary political economy is in the process of disinvestment of State assets, which are cornerstones of the narratives of Indian industrialization, their loss and comprehensive redevelopment have a significant impact on place identity in urban areas. While the idea of urban heritage conservation is very nascent, the concept of industrial heritage conservation is largely non-existent in India. The industrial timeline of India is different from the global timeline; the lack of an official definition, and therefore a lack of an official legislation, for recognition and legal protection of industrial sites in India has an impact on the perception of what constitutes Indian industrial heritage. Most industrial heritage sites are vulnerable to loss or replacement on the pretext of being considered too ordinary to be preserved. This article presents a chronological narrative of industrialization and defines a framework for identifying typologies of industrial heritage sites in the Indian context, building a case for recognizing, protecting and sustainable development.

Los vestigios industriales: estudio, conservación y uso

Conservation of industrial heritage as a cultural item has allowed the consolidation of a new discipline called Industrial Archaeology, focused on the study, catalogation and conservation of material remains linked to the process of industrialization which emerged from English revolution in late 18th century. The article analyzes the principles on which Community cultural policy is based, as well as the means of finance offered by European institutions to help projects of cultural heritage conservation. Finally, it describes the proceedings which are being carried out in Asturias regarding conservation and studies of industrial heritage.

Urban Development Planning and World Cultural Heritage: Two Perspectives of Planning Practice Dealing with Industrial Heritage

ABSTRACT Urban development planning and world cultural heritage represent two discourses that are relevant to the transformation of disused industrial heritage sites. The former Zollverein coal-mining complex (Germany) is a case study in this regard. The synchronous discourse approach enables analysis of conflicts and the potential of consensus within discourse constellations. Transdisciplinary cooperation aims to identify good practice in heritage management and can enable research knowledge to be transferred into practice. Eight criteria are presented for good practice in industrial heritage conservation and urban development, each including several indicators for analysis and monitoring.

Study on the Sustainable Development Model of Industrial Heritage

As crucial urban resources, industrial heritage occupies an important geographic location of the city, and it is generally of historical value, social value, technological or scientific value, economic value, and aesthetic value. The paper selected TESTBED2 as the case to study for it is the typical light industrial remains after the industrial revolution in Chongqing. This paper tried to discuss conservation of industrial heritage from multi-sensory marketing and Sustainable development. The paper evaluated the industrial heritage TESTBED2, and provided new methods for the reform of the industrial wasteland, and brought new landscape forms and looked forward to the model and tracks for the protection and reuse for the industrial industry, so as to realize the sustainable development of the industrial heritage.

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology

The Importance of Oral History in (Industrial) Heritagisation

The UNESCO World Heritage Committee and its professional institutions, the international body of cultural and natural heritage, emphasise the importance of the human aspect, the individuals and groups who are involved in the heritage context: the authentic owner/practitioner; the contemporary local or inheritor; the professional, who understands; the policy maker, who protects, etc. Accordingly, in the heritagisation process, oral memories and interactions play defining roles on many levels. They can justify the heritage management process as well as construct what should be valued. This paper looks at this complex status and the roles oral history examples can have in the research and management process. The paper focuses on the intangible aspect within the category of industrial heritage as the specialised committee of UNESCO’S World Heritage Council defines and categorises it. Accordingly, it presents an international perspective, although heavily European-centred, as many critics have already expressed. The time frame focuses on the one and a half decades after 2003, when TICCIH, the International Committee for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage defined its objective; however, previous practices and research examples are mentioned as well. The paper is based on the comparative and textual analysis of theoretical texts (of oral history research), general guidelines (such as charters of the international heritage organisations), and case studies. The aim of the paper is not to provide a chronological overview of the overlaps between industrial and intangible heritage management in the European discourse but to point out the effective realisation of incorporating oral history into (industrial) heritage studies.