Industry Expectations Research Articles

Performance of Three-Year Diploma in Hotel and Restaurant Technology Graduates of Data Center College of the Philippines, Bangued Abra

This study evaluated the performance of graduates from the Diploma in Hotel and Restaurant Technology program at Data Center College of the Philippines, Bangued, Abra. Utilizing the Input-Process-Output (IPO) framework, the research examined graduate profiles, performance levels across competencies, adequacy of training resources, and the challenges encountered in their transition to the workforce. Results revealed that graduates demonstrated excellent performance in competencies such as Food and Beverage Services NCII and Cookery NCII, while Bartending NCII exhibited room for improvement. Training tools and equipment were generally adequate, although enhancements were recommended for Food and Beverage Services NCII. Socioeconomic background significantly influenced performance in select competencies, while other demographic factors showed minimal impact. Key challenges identified included a mismatch between theoretical training and industry demands, limited hands-on experience, and inadequate support systems. The Competency-Based Learning Materials (CBLM) were validated as highly effective but required refinements to align better with industry expectations. Recommendations included curriculum revisions to integrate experiential learning, enhanced training modules for underperforming competencies, strengthened industry partnerships, improved resource allocation, and the establishment of mentorship and support programs. These findings underscore the importance of aligning academic programs with industry needs to equip graduates with the competencies and resilience needed to succeed in the hospitality sector.

Correlation between Curriculum Design and Job Readiness in Hotel and Restaurant Services Programs in Cabanatuan City

The study investigated the partnership between curriculum design and job readiness of the Hotel and Restaurant Services programs in Cabanatuan City, based on how well the programs can prepare students for the assault of the hospitality industry. The study gauged the perception of students as well as those of instructors regarding essential components of the curriculum - technical and soft skills, knowledge of the industry, and confidence of performing in the work setting. Findings indicated significant congruence with industry standards from the content of the curriculum, especially through experiential learning in developing communication, teamwork, and hands-on skills. Moreover, it was found that with rising levels of students' academic credentials, they became confident in the workplace, meaning experience through practice and action would become an effective way to prepare students for employment. Recommendations would include the implementation of more applicable learning experiences in all levels of education, curriculum updates that cover the emerging industry trends in sustainability, technology, and customer service. It will provide valued insights for academic institutions and stakeholders in the hospitality industries to ensure that curriculum designs align with the dynamic needs of industry expectations to facilitate successful student transition into the labor market.

An assessment strategy for the employability of HRM graduates in South Africa

Orientation: The unemployment problem in South Africa has been explored from both supply and demand perspectives, but there is a gap in understanding industry expectations on graduate competence and market readiness.Research purpose: This study investigates a labour market-driven assessment strategy to evaluate the employability of Human Resource Management (HRM) graduates in South Africa.Motivation for the study: The study aims to ensure that graduate assessments align with industry needs, enhancing employability through industry-based methods.Research approach/design and method: A case study design was used, selecting a university offering HRM qualifications and 196 employed HRM graduates. Supervisors of these graduates provided feedback on the alignment between university assessments and graduate performance. The study used a pragmatic approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data collection.Main findings: The data from 196 supervisors revealed eight key themes: assessments were seen as inappropriate, lacking industry focus, too general and needing industry collaboration. Respondents also suggested industry responsibility in assessments, linking students to industry, emphasising solutions to industry challenges, and calling for industry-based standards. Most respondents viewed current assessments as inaccurate indicators of graduate capabilities.Practical/managerial implications: The study recommends adopting an industry-centric assessment approach to improve graduate assessments. This alignment could enhance graduate fitness for employment and the value they add to the industry.Contribution/value-add: This study helps to align university assessments with industry expectations, increasing HRM graduates’ employability and ensuring assessments reflect the capabilities needed in the labour market.

Thoughts on the Trends in 21st-Century Liberal Arts Education : Seeking Possibility of Collaboration between Universities and Industry

As society becomes increasingly complex and globalized, the demands on higher education to foster versatile, socially responsible graduates have grown. This study examines Japan’s efforts to modernize liberal arts education to better align with societal needs, particularly emphasizing data science, STEAM, digital transformation (DX), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research by the Japan University Accreditation Association highlights a disconnect between university curricula and the skill expectations of industries, which prioritize abilities like logical thinking, problem-solving, and data analysis. Despite reforms, communication between higher education institutions and industries remains insufficient, limiting collaboration on curriculum development and obstructing a cohesive societal impact. The concept of “21st-century liberal arts education” in Japan includes interdisciplinary approaches to address complex issues, fostering communication skills for global engagement, integrating digital literacy for a tech-centered world, and cultivating critical thinking. These principles reflect an educational response to a “VUCA” (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) world, stressing literacies that prepare students to tackle global challenges. Case studies across Japan, the U.S., and the U.K. reveal parallel trends in collaborative education reform and active learning techniques. Japan’s universities have initiated project-based learning (PBL) courses, supported by partnerships with local businesses, that offer students real-world problem-solving experiences and promote “living education”.</br>The study underscores the need for continuous dialogue and mutual understanding between academia and society to bridge gaps between university-led reforms and societal needs. Round-table discussions involving universities, industries, and governmental agencies reveal shared values but also emphasize the necessity for enhanced communication, especially regarding graduates’ competencies. Japan's “Innovation Commons” spaces represent an innovative model for community-university partnerships aimed at solving local issues, with broad implications for sustainable development and regional revitalization.</br>In conclusion, the study advocates for strengthening public engagement in education through information dissemination, deeper societal integration, and collaborative curricular reforms that align with the SDGs and ethical challenges posed by digital advancements. The study recommends expanding ethical, legal, and social issue (ELSI) subjects and advancing financial literacy as critical aspects of civic education. Ultimately, this approach to liberal arts education aims to equip students with practical and ethical tools to contribute positively to society amidst evolving global demands.

Sentiment Analysis of Computer Science Students’ Attitudes Toward Programming Languages: An in-Depth Study

This study investigates the sentiments of computer science students toward programming languages, focusing on Python, Java, and C, to explore factors influencing their learning experiences, motivation, and career aspirations. Data from forums, surveys, and social media platforms were analysed using sentiment analysis and thematic qualitative analysis. The findings reveal that students view programming as both challenging and rewarding. Python is valued for its role in data science, Java for enterprise solutions and Android development, and C for its foundational importance in programming. Students reported frustrations with syntax complexities, usability, and industry relevance despite these strengths. Despite these strengths, students reported frustrations with syntax complexities, usability, and industry relevance. The research highlights the need for adaptive teaching strategies that connect programming concepts to practical applications, foster resilience, and offer diverse learning opportunities. By bridging the gap between industrial expectations and academic preparation, these ideas hope to improve programming education and bring it into line with changing professional requirements.

THE EFFICIENCY OF UPSKILLING GRADUATE DIPLOMA STUDENTS AT MALAYSIAN VOCATIONAL COLLEGES IN 3G SMAW WELDING WORK – A CASE STUDY

This article examines the effectiveness of upskilling initiatives for Graduate Diploma students in vocational colleges in Malaysia. Thirty Kolej Vokasional Tanjung Piai graduates who took a 3G SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) course at CIDB Technologies Sdn Bhd, Johor are the focus of this case study. In a rapidly evolving industrial setting, the study aims to assess the degree to which the upskilling program enhanced the participants' overall employability and welding skills. Survey data showed that participants were satisfied with the upskilling program's content, emphasizing how applicable it was to their professional growth and the useful skills they had learned. Additionally, participants offered insightful comments that suggested a number of improvements to boost the training's efficacy, including greater practical experience, easier access to contemporary equipment, and more thorough safety instruction. The results highlight how crucial it is for vocational education programs to be continuously improved in order to satisfy industry expectations and give graduates employable skills.

Commerce and Management Education in India: 21st Century

Commerce and Management education in India has undergone significant transformations in the 21st century, driven by globalization, technological advancements, and changing market dynamics. This abstract provides a concise overview of the evolution, challenges, and prospects of commerce and management education in India during this era, Evolution: The 21st century witnessed a paradigm shift in commerce and management education in India. Traditional classroom teaching evolved into experiential learning methodologies, incorporating case studies, internships, and industry collaborations. The emergence of digital platforms facilitated distance learning, enabling access to quality education beyond geographical constraints. Additionally, interdisciplinary studies gained prominence, emphasizing holistic skill development among students. Challenges: Despite progress, commerce and management education in India face several challenges. Outdated curricula often fail to align with industry requirements, leading to a gap between academia and the corporate world. Quality assurance remains a concern, with issues like faculty shortages and infrastructure deficiencies affecting educational standards. Moreover, the rapid pace of technological advancements necessitates constant curriculum updates to ensure relevance and competitiveness. Prospects: The future of commerce and management education in India holds promising opportunities. Integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and data analytics into curriculum design can enhance students’ analytical and decision-making skills. Collaborations with industry players for skill-based training programs can bridge the gap between academia and industry expectations. Moreover, fostering entrepreneurship and innovation through incubation centres and startup initiatives can nurture a culture of creativity and enterprise among students. Conclusion: In conclusion, commerce and management education in 21st century India has evolved significantly to adapt to the dynamic global landscape. While challenges persist, such as outdated curricula and quality assurance issues, promising prospects lie ahead. By embracing technological advancements, fostering industry-academia collaborations, and promoting entrepreneurial spirit, India can further enhance the quality and relevance of commerce and management education, preparing students to thrive in the competitive global economy of the 21st century.

Influencing customer compensation expectations in service failures: Comparing the roles of service robots and human employees

This research addresses a critical gap in understanding how service failures by robots versus human employees shape customer compensation expectations in the hospitality industry. While substantial literature explores service failure, the nuanced impacts of failure severity and the interplay with different types of service providers – robotic or human – have not been thoroughly examined. Through three experimental studies, we discover that customers expect higher compensation when service failures involve robots and that this expectation is further influenced by the severity of the failure, which intensifies compensation expectations across both types of service providers. Moreover, our analysis reveals that blame attribution mediates the relationship between service provider type and compensation expectations, with severity of failure moderating this mediation effect. These findings offer insights for service firms aiming to navigate the challenges posed by integrating service robots, suggesting the importance of tailored service recovery strategies to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Unveiling Femininity: Gender, Fame, and Success in Taylor Jenkins Reid’s The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo

The main objective of this research article is to explore the intersections of fame, femininity, and identity in Taylor Jenkins Reid's The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo, examining how gendered power dynamics shape the life and choices of Evelyn Hugo, a fictional Hollywood icon. The narrative explores the cost of success for women in a patriarchal society as Evelyn navigates societal pressures and industry expectations through seven carefully chosen marriages and the maintenance of a glamorous, heterosexual public image. While Evelyn uses her relationships as strategic tools to rise in a male-dominated film industry, her true identity and love for actress Celia St. James reveal the limitations imposed by cultural and gendered expectations. Drawing on feminist theory, particularly the work of scholars like Sandra Gilbert, Susan Gubar, and Betty Friedan (1963). This research examines Evelyn's complex struggle for power, examining how fame acts as both an avenue for empowerment and a restrictive force. The study further explores the novel's depiction of femininity, love, and bisexuality, considering how Evelyn's life reflects broader themes of identity and the struggle for authenticity within oppressive structures. This paper ultimately questions the cost of success for women in environments where public personas must often overshadow personal truth, offering insights into the challenges of achieving selfhood in spaces prioritizing image over individuality.

A Framework to Integrate Building Information Modelling to the Curriculum of the Quantity Surveying Undergraduate Degree Programme in Sri Lanka

One of the primary sectors that contributes to the national economy of the country is the construction industry. The Quantity Surveyors (QS), offer specific expertise in project management and cost estimation. A revolutionary change is occurring in Sri Lanka (SL)’s construction industry due to the increasing demand for innovative technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). But the Sri Lankan construction industry has been remarkably lagging in adopting these cutting-edge techniques. According to past SL research findings, one of the main obstacles in BIM integration among QS professionals is a severe knowledge gap. By involving BIM approaches into QS education this research aims to develop a framework to implement BIM within the curriculum of quantity surveying undergraduates according to the industrial demand in SL. This paper focuses on the potential difficulties of integrating BIM into SL’s QS curriculum, where graduates may fulfill industry expectations. This research used questionnaire survey, semi- structured interviews for both academic and industrial QS professionals separately, and conducted existing university QS curriculum review to gather data. Purposive sampling is used as the sampling technique and this study uses a mixed-method approach to research, combining qualitative and quantitative evaluations, and analyzes data using descriptive statistics and content analysis. According to data gathered from industrial professionals, it was proved that SL construction industry does not widely use BIM and have a huge demand on knowledgeable BIM of QS in the current industry. Most of the knowledgeable BIM personnel gain knowledge from self-learning and by following some extra courses. Professionals with an academic background proved, that the current QS curriculums are outdated. As a solution, this research develops the framework to integrate BIM to the QS curriculum of the undergraduate degree programmes in SL. A framework suggestion is to be incorporated into the curriculum was the outcome of the researcher's reflections on the interview results. These results contribute to the growth and development of the Sri Lankan construction industry by knowledgeable QS professionals, thereby fostering the advancement of the Sri Lankan construction industry.

Private aviation is making a growing contribution to climate change

Commercial aviation’s contribution to climate change is growing, but the global role of private aviation is not well quantified. Here we calculate the sector’s CO2 emissions, using flight tracker data from the ADS-B Exchange platform for the period 2019 to 2023. Flight times for 25,993 private aircraft and 18,655,789 individual flights in 2019-2023 are linked to 72 aircraft models and their average fuel consumption. We find that private aviation contributed at least 15.6 Mt CO2 in direct emissions in 2023, or about 3.6 t CO2 per flight. Almost half of all flights (47.4%) are shorter than 500 km. Private aviation is concentrated in the USA, where 68.7% of the aircraft are registered. Flight pattern analysis confirms extensive travel for leisure purposes, and for cultural and political events. Emissions increased by 46% between 2019-2023, with industry expectations of continued strong growth. Regulation is needed to address the sector’s growing climate impact.

Industry Mentoring Program: Empowering External Degree Students for Career Success – Case Study from University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka

In today's interconnected world, open distance education has become widespread, granting students the flexibility and accessibility to pursue higher education through external degree programmes. Despite the increasing feasibility of delivering knowledge and skills online, a significant hurdle remains in ensuring that participants are adequately equipped for the demands of the professional world of work. Traditionally, exposure to industry standards and practical experiences is gained through activities like industry visits, guest talks, meetups, and workshops, which are often absent in online distance education programs due to their remote nature. This dearth of industry-preparedness and practical skills presents a formidable obstacle for graduates as they transition into the workforce. Thus, bridging the gap between academic learning and industry expectations becomes imperative to enhance students' employability and career readiness, ultimately fostering their success in the workforce. This case study delves into the solution to this challenge through a meticulously crafted programme aimed at cultivating industry-ready graduates. Leveraging available technology, the program provides immersive experiences within the online learning environment. The paper details the Industry Mentoring Program (IMP), which employs technology to simulate real-world experiences, assesses stakeholder perceptions of the programme's value, and offers insights for future enhancements. This programme was conducted targeting the final year students of the Bachelor of Information Technology (BIT) External Degree programme of the University of Moratuwa. This study investigates the experiences and viewpoints of students taking part in the IMP using surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. Four student cohorts who have undergone the programme have provided their feedback both quantitatively and qualitatively. Across all groups the student satisfaction was totally positive with over 80% of the participants indicating their satisfaction at 4 or 5 on a Lickert Scale of 5 indicating very satisfied. Students’ perception of their preparedness for the workforce after participating in the IMP also is extremely positive. The findings indicates that the IMP significantly improves the career opportunities of BIT students. Feedback obtained from other stakeholders such as potential employers, resource persons and administrators also validate the effectiveness of the programme. The feedback and suggestions are incorporated to enhance the programme. University has decided to incorporate this programme into the curriculum with the 2024 curriculum revision of this open distance degree programme of BIT.

Implementing Problem-Based Learning in Marketing Education: A Systematic Review and Analysis

The marketing industry is rapidly evolving, prompting educational programs to adapt and provide graduates with relevant skills and knowledge. This systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis (SLRBA) explores the incorporation of problem-based learning (PBL) in marketing education. PBL is a teaching approach that encourages students to solve real-world problems by integrating theory and practice, thereby improving their critical thinking and decision-making skills. Our review synthesizes data from 71 sources, detailing the definition of PBL, strategies for its implementation in marketing education, and the associated benefits and challenges. The findings show that PBL enhances student engagement, provides hands-on experience, and equips students for real-world marketing challenges. Effective strategies for PBL adoption include leveraging social media, serious games, E-learning, and feedback systems to facilitate active learning and student participation. However, PBL poses challenges, such as high resource requirements, student resistance, and concerns over information accuracy. This review underscores the importance of PBL in closing the gap between theoretical concepts and practical skills, helping marketing students better meet industry expectations. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research and best practices for integrating PBL in marketing education.

A Systematic Literature Review of Soft Skills in Information Technology Education.

This research addresses the importance of the soft skills approach, which encompasses problem-solving, collaboration, interpersonal and communication skills for higher education in the information technology (IT) field. IT graduate students continue to face difficulties in meeting the employability criteria of the global information technology sector due to mismatching capabilities, such as the discrepancy between the technical knowledge obtained in academia and the practical skills expected by employers. This systematic literature review used PRISMA guidelines for data collection. Papers were examined using the inclusion-exclusion criteria, which included concentrating on full-text studies about soft skills in higher education published in English between 2018 and 2024. The keywords used by the inclusion and exclusion criteria are soft skills, higher education, university, undergraduate, graduate, IT, information technology, software, computer science, programming, information systems and IS. The SCOPUS search engine platform found 2088 documents, and the (WOS) database obtained 1383 documents. To comprehend the significance of soft skills in the field and its effect on graduates' employability, 69 papers were carefully examined. The rapid change following Industrial Revolution 4.0 has transformed the working environment, challenging new IT graduates to be competent in the working environment. This study highlights the importance of soft skills and self-awareness in university education, revealing that current curricula must adapt to the rapidly changing job market, especially post Industry 4.0. The literature review indicates that despite high technical competence, graduates lack essential soft skills like communication, teamwork, and problem-solving, creating a gap between new graduates and industry expectations. Hopefully, this study's results will contribute to understanding the functionality and necessity of soft skills in the behavioral sciences literature. To bridge the skills gap between industry demands and technical proficiency, academic institutions should incorporate creative teaching approaches prioritizing soft skills like problem-solving, teamwork, and communication. Universities, recent graduates, and companies must work together to modify courses to meet the needs of a job market that is changing quickly.

Agile Supply Chain Management In FashionIndustry

The fashion industry is one of the most globalized sectors, featuring a complex and widespread supply chain. Often, clothing is designed in one country, produced in another, and then distributed and sold across multiple international markets. This global scope and complexity necessitate an agile approach to supply chain management. Agile supply chains are engineered to be flexible, responsive, and adaptable, enabling companies to swiftly respond to shifts in consumer demands and market conditions. By adopting agile principles, fashion companies can more effectively navigate the intricacies of global operations, ensuring that products reach the appropriate markets at the right time, thereby sustaining competitiveness and meeting consumer expectations in a fast-paced industry

Design Project Classroom: Fostering Industry-Ready Industrial Designers through Academic-Industry Collaboration

As the demands of the job market continue to evolve, it becomes imperative for educational institutions to equip students with the necessary skills and competencies to thrive in their respective industries. This article explores the implementation of a design project classroom as an innovative approach to preparing students for the job market, specifically in industrial design. The research employs the method of participant observation combined with interviews to gain valuable insights from industry professionals and student participants. Collaboration with industries is integral to this research, where it enables students to engage directly with real-world design challenges and obtain expert guidance. By leveraging the expertise and resources of these partnerships, this project aims to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and industry expectations. The results of this study showcase several key elements that students need to master before graduating, identified through feedback from both students and mentoring companies. The findings underscore the significance of hands-on experience, interdisciplinary collaboration, and industry engagement in preparing students for successful careers as industrial designers. The positive feedback received from both students and industry partners affirms the effectiveness of this approach in grooming students and enhancing their readiness for the job market. This article contributes to the literature on design education, and the insights provided serve as a foundation for educators and institutions seeking to enhance their design programmes, ensuring that students are adequately equipped with the skills, knowledge, and practical experience to enter the job market.

Factors affecting university students’ generative AI literacy: Evidence and evaluation in the UK and Hong Kong contexts

Generative AI (GenAI) has become popular with many university students since late 2022 and is incorporated in their daily life. To use GenAI tools effectively and equitably, and also to meet industry expectations, students should be supported to develop GenAI literacy skills during their time at university. Even though some universities have provided AI literacy training courses to students, the courses are not yet widely available to students across the higher education sector. Besides, there has been a shortage of GenAI literacy courses in particular. And more importantly, it is unclear what knowledge and skills that need to be included relating to GenAI literacy, from the student perspective. Building a strong understanding of student perceptions in this area is critical, because it will help enhance appropriateness and content relevance and promote student engagement. Adopting the four-dimensional AI literacy framework as the theoretical foundation, this paper aims to address the gaps. It explores the perceptions of university students on GenAI literacy in the UK and Hong Kong contexts. Survey data from 234 students were collected and analyzed using the descriptive analysis and Kruskal–Wallis test. The results show that factors such as country of studies and prior learning about AI greatly impacted GenAI literacy. However, factors such as age and educational level do not have a significant effect. Built upon the findings and the theoretical foundation, this paper proposes a new GenAI literacy framework. This framework is a revised version of the four-dimensional AI literacy framework and proposes the essential GenAI knowledge and skills for university students. The new framework also acknowledges the impact of the macro, meso, and micro factors on student GenAI literacy development.

Industry Effects in the Dividend Initiation Decision

We examine industry effects on the likelihood and level of dividend initiations. Results suggest that firms incorporate industry expectations for dividend levels and growth into the initiation decision. They are in general less likely to initiate a dividend if dividend levels in the industry are high or growing. Firms that do initiate seek to match industry peers in initiation levels. We also find that announcement returns to dividend initiating firms are lower when more industry peers are dividend payers and when industry dividend growth is high. Together, these results provide support for an industry equilibrium dividend policy.

A Roadmap to Industry Based Curriculum in Higher Education Through Public-Private Partnership Model

Higher education in any country plays an important role in nation building. Education system has a social agenda to develop its human resource in a better way to meet the requirements of society. Several reforms were introduced to promote quality in higher education and make education accessible to every society. The continuous amendments in education policies are required to meet the present expectations of industry. The traditional approach of rote learning and memory level teaching shall not work out in the modern times where the requirements of industry are changing frequently. There is a need of an hour for the higher institutions to shift their approach from academic based curriculum to industry-based curriculum. Many higher education institutions are struggling to provide quality, affordable education and research to its end users. Thus, a collaborative approach needs to be followed in the form of public-private partnership model for facilitating practical learning in higher institutions and preparing the future budding managers to bridge the gap between skills required to meet industry expectations and the skills they possess. The aim of this paper is to explore about the PPP model for promoting industry-based curriculum in academics. The study is purely secondary in nature followed with exploratory research-design for giving a broader view on implementation of PPP model in higher institutions. The present study provides an integrated process through which the effectiveness and working of PPP model is well-explained.

Enhancing The Excellence of Quality Management System Auditors: A Competency-Based Training Model with Instructional Design Strategic Approaches and Measurable Outcomes

The development and implementation of a competency-based training model for Quality Management System (QMS) auditors are crucial for enhancing audit quality and organizational performance. This study identifies and addresses gaps in current auditor training programs through a structured approach that includes clear instructional goals, effective assessment tools, and robust instructional strategies. The research utilizes Training Needs Analysis (TNA) data and aligns training objectives with industry expectations through Occupational Standards and Competency Standards. Learning outcomes are formulated using the ABCD method (Audience, Behaviour, Condition, Degree) to ensure clarity, measurability, and achievability. The training program employs Outcome-Based Learning and Teaching (OBLT) methodologies, ensuring that the focus remains on achieving specific competencies. Self-assessment based on competency standards encourages reflective learning and self-improvement, while competency-based assessments measure the effectiveness of the training and the skills acquired by participants. The program culminates in the awarding of Micro Credentials and Certificates of Competency, which are traceable to national and international standards, thereby validating the skills and knowledge gained. Through rigorous testing and evaluation involving experts, educators, and participants, the study refines the training model to ensure its effectiveness and relevance. The findings indicate that the competency-based training model significantly improves the skills and performance of QMS auditors, leading to more effective audits and continuous quality improvement within organizations. This research contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to developing high-quality training programs for QMS auditors.