Russian Industrial Enterprises Research Articles

MEANINGFUL ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF DEPRECIATION AS A SOURCE OF INVESTMENTS FOR THE ENTERPRISES MODERNIZATION

The study analyzes the nature of the modernization of the enterprise, identifies the factors that determine the need for its implementation in relation to Russian industrial enterprises, which were forced to miss several cycles of renewal as a result of the national economy reformation. It is necessary to comprehensively transform their material and technical bases to produce innovative, competitive products in the face of global uncertainties and increased competition on the target markets. The purpose of the study is to prove that the modernization of industrial enterprises is based on the transformation of their material and technical base, regular updating of fixed assets in order to eliminate their moral depreciation and the successful implementation of digital transformation. As a result, the study of the processes and algorithms for justifying the renewal and modernization of the formation of funds at the expense of internal sources of the enterprise investments. An approach to the assessment of their capabilities and importance to ensure the financing of modernization projects is proposed. Methods of statistical and comparative analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis of economic phenomena and management of industrial enterprises were used to solve the set tasks. The characteristics of changes in profit, return on fixed assets and depreciation as sources of investments, depending on the dynamics of interest rates and inflation, are determined. The directions of increasing the importance of internal sources of enterprise investments for the implementation of its modernization projects are proposed. Key conclusions: it is necessary to build a comprehensive mechanism for managing the depreciation process of enterprises as its reproduction and modernization core. It is also necessary to ensure the targeted use of depreciation and the minimum return on funds accumulated by owners in the depreciation fund.

Оценки эффективности деятельности предприятий промышленной отрасли

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of Russian industrial enterprises based on the stochastic method using financial indicators for 2017-2018. Method: the parametric SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) method based on a stochastic model of the production function is used to assess the efficiency of enterprises. In order to achieve more accurate results, a modification of this method was performed. And also with the help of the developed modified SFA method, the bankruptcy of industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation was predicted on the basis of selected significant financial indicators. 35 bankrupt enterprises and 35 operating enterprises of the same industry were analyzed. Results: As a result of the work done using open sources, you can see how the efficiency of different enterprises in the same industry changes over several years. Conclusion: This study suggests the ability to use the Stochastic Frontier Analysis method and its modification on the studied data in the process of monitoring the dynamics of the efficiency of enterprises both bankrupt and operating. Such an assessment of efficiency can be recommended to other sectors of the economy.

Optimization of Energy Consumption in Chemical Production Based on Descriptive Analytics and Neural Network Modeling

Improving the energy efficiency of chemical industries and increasing their environmental friendliness requires an assessment of the parameters of consumption and losses of energy resources. The aim of the study is to develop and test a method for solving the problem of optimizing the use of energy resources in chemical production based on the methodology of descriptive statistics and training of neural networks. Research methods: graphic and tabular tools for descriptive data analysis to study the dynamics of the structure of energy carriers and determine possible reserves for reducing their consumption; correlation analysis with the construction of scatter diagrams to identify the dependences of the range of limit values of electricity consumption on the average rate of energy consumption; a method for training neural networks to predict the optimal values of energy consumption; methods of mathematical optimization and standardization. The authors analyzed the trends in the energy intensity of chemical industries with an assessment of the degree of transformation of the structure of the energy portfolio and possible reserves for reducing the specific weight of electrical and thermal energy; determined the dynamics of energy losses at Russian industrial enterprises; established the correlation dependence of the range of limiting values of power consumption on the average rate of power consumption; determined the optimal limiting limits of the norms for the loss of electrical energy by the example of rubbers of solution polymerization. The results of the study can be used in the development of software complexes for intelligent energy systems that allow tracking the dynamics of consumption and losses of energy resources. Using the results allows you to determine the optimal parameters of energy consumption and identify reserves for improving energy efficiency.

Current situation in the competitiveness of Russian industrial enterprises

This article examines the characteristic features of the concept of "competitiveness" of the region. The key methods for assessing competitiveness, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. The factors influencing the competitiveness of the region are analyzed, the main directions of increasing the competitiveness are formed. The conceptual approaches of scientists-economists on the development of the competitive market space in the region are formulated (in comparison). An overview of the dynamics of the level of competitiveness of the federal districts of the Russian Federation in the production of electricity and raw materials for the period from 2008 to 2019 is presented. A brief comparison of the assessment of the state of the competitive environment in Russia using data from the reports of the analytical center under the Government of the Russian Federation for 2016 and 2020 is given. In 2020, a typical representative of the sample looks like this: the owner of his own business (68%), the age of this business is more than 5 years (77.8%), the target markets for it are the markets of individual Russian regions or municipalities (62%) or the market The Russian Federation as a whole (33%). The market model of competition that has developed in the country (including in a separate region) forms the state and determines the further development of the competitive space in the economic sphere of both the region and the country as a whole. The article examines the factors on which the situation of the competitive environment of the region depends. The subsequent development of the competitive market space in the region will be influenced by both positive and negative factors. The task of the state in this case is to ensure the competitive potential of the region, that is, its readiness for normal competition and stable functioning of a specific competitive market environment.

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION REFORM AS A PREREQUISITE FOR STABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY

The article is devoted to priority solutions for launching systemic transformations of managerial education for the technological breakthrough. The basis for the development of such decisions was the scientific direction “Proactive Management in Actively Developing Industries and Economic Sectors”, in which the authors work, and the experience in creating educational products that meet the latest trends, including those that have appeared recently.The research methodology included analysis of scientific literature on the problems of complex systems development, proactive management and anticipatory training, systematization of educational practices for managers in foreign and domestic universities, conducting surveys of experts – heads of Russian large industrial enterprises, professors and students.The key reasons for the unsatisfactory state of management education are identified and a set of recommendations for its reform has been developed. Changes in organizational models of managerial education are proposed, the principles of implementing fundamental training and enhancing the humanization of education with a simultaneous increase in the level of knowledge of the scientific and technical foundations of production process are formulated. The conditions of increasing the effectiveness of students’ practical training are considered, the forms of its implementation are determined to ensure the readiness of graduates to work in managerial positions. The results of long-term studies of anticipatory training, from managers at the lower levels to directors of large companies, are carried out. These results were obtained in the scientific and educational center “INZHEK” of the Ural Federal University and tested at various levels of management education (bachelor’s, master’s degrees).The results of the study are of practical interest to managers and professors of universities, business schools and corporate universities, as well as to top managers of business structures involved in improving personnel training.

Restructuring Outsourcing: Classification and Methodical Approach to Evaluating Expediency and Economic Effect

A large part of a country's national production is the result of the efforts and performance of organizations and institutions that are engaged in the production of goods and services. These organizations or institutions that operate in various forms of government, private and cooperative and in various sectors of industry, agriculture and services are called economic enterprises or manufacturing enterprises.Among the strategies that have played a role in economic development in recent decades and have led to its expansion; It is the creation of small and medium-sized enterprises that in most countries (developed and developing) the tendency to this type of enterprises has increased. Medium-sized enterprises, in terms of their significant role in job creation, competitiveness, innovation and organizational and economic development, are considered as drivers and engines of economic growth and are one of the most important priorities in economic development programs.In the modern world, classification and methodical approach to evaluating expediency and economic effect has a critical role. In this paper, we consider the restructuring of Russian industrial enterprises through the use of industrial outsourcing. An approach to the classification of restructuring industrial outsourcing is proposed, and a method of assessing the feasibility and economic effect of the usage of this type of outsourcing is developed.

Социально и экологически ответственные инвестиции в российском промышленном секторе

Subject/topic. The article presents a theoretical and practical understanding of the concepts of ESG (ecological, social, government) and SRI (socially responsible investing) regarding the specifics and prospects for the development of the Russian industrial sector. The purpose of the article was to demonstrate the potential of these concepts in the practice of managing Russian industrial enterprises. Methodology. Methodologically, the article is based on the integration of statistical, econometric and content research methods on the problem associated with ensuring the dynamically sustainable development of Russian industrial enterprises. Results. The results of the study showed that despite the significant government support received by Russian industrial enterprises in recent years, the sustainability of their development cannot be considered unconditional. Inertia, extensiveness, financial instability and limited rationality in managerial decision-making are evidently traced. There are two external main reasons for this situation: institutional turbulence and shrinking market space for free market competition. For industrial enterprises that are part of public or private corporations, the possibility of using the concepts of environmentally and socially responsible investment, to increase, among other things, their own investment attractiveness, is limited. But high-tech small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian industrial sector can use the ESG and SRI concepts both to obtain investment resources and to increase their own investment attractiveness, and the sources of investment here will be platforms that are non-traditional for the Russian market (business angels, small collective investment funds, entrepreneurial fundraising, etc.). Conclusions/Relevance. The principles of socially and environmentally responsible investment developed in the article can be used as the basis for methodological developments, the creation of indicators that allow simultaneously calculating environmental safety, pro-sociality and economic efficiency of various projects of Russian industrial enterprises.

Problems of intellectual property accounting in industrial enterprises in Russia

This paper analyzes important accounting and financial problems associated with identification, determination of the moment of recognition, proper assessment of intellectual properties that are part of intangible assets, determination of their useful life, as well as the search for relevant methods of their depreciation. According to the generalization of theoretical and their own practical experience, the authors propose the approaches to solve these problems, designed to increase the level of reporting reliability for stakeholders, as well as to ensure proper accounting and control of these objects in order to provide their safety and rational use at industrial enterprises.

Financial innovations in testing the mechanism of environmental insurance at industrial enterprises in Russia and the world

The article provides an assessment of the development of the innovative mechanism of environmental insurance in the world and in Russia, identifies the main problems of regional development, and suggests a set of organizational and regulatory innovations for the introduction of the environmental insurance market. The article identifies the features of the implementation of environmental risk insurance in Russia and in the world and identifies the need to determine the key factors and indicators of sustainable development of the environmental insurance market. As a result, of the conducted research, a set of requirements for insurance companies planning to introduce the mechanism of imputed environmental insurance into their business processes is proposed. The financial and economic instruments for stimulating the greening of the economic activities of Russian industrial enterprises are justified.

Исследование специфики управления инновационным предприятием: примеры успешного развития инновационных промышленных предприятий в России и за рубежом

Исследование специфики управления инновационным предприятием: примеры успешного развития инновационных промышленных предприятий в России и за рубежом

Группировка промышленных предприятий по загрузке производственных мощностей и уровню банковской задолженности (за II квартал 2020 года)

Russian industrial enterprises, examined by the Russian Economic Barometer are grouped according to two criteria: the level of capacity utilization rate, as well as the level of debts to banks. This grouping allows you to see how key characteristics of enterprises differ depending on how their production capacities are loaded and what level of debts to banks they have. Data are presented for the second quarter of 2020.

Группировка промышленных предприятий по загрузке производственных мощностей и уровню банковской задолженности (за I квартал 2021 года)

Russian industrial enterprises, examined by the Russian Economic Barometer are grouped according to two criteria: the level of capacity utilization rate, as well as the level of debts to banks. This grouping allows you to see how key characteristics of enterprises differ depending on how their production capacities are loaded and what level of debts to banks they have. Data are presented for the first quarter of 2021.

Принципы управления конкурентным иммунитетом промышленного предприятия

In modern business conditions, partnership is becoming a new vector for addressing knowledge-intensive production tasks in Russian industrial enterprises. Partnerships enables enterprises to adjust to changes in the external environment more effectively. The article aims at describing the methodological approach that would allow to formulate the principles of competitive immunity management of an industrial enterprise. Such principles should be based on establishing partnerships with other enterprises and on expanding the possibilities to increase the enterprise’s adaptability by combining its resources with those of partner enterprises. It is proposed to address this task by creating a coordination board comprising representatives of partner enterprises to manage interactions between the companies. Thus, the proposed mechanism for managing an industrial enterprise’s competitive immunity ensures partnership development and enhances this enterprise’s adaptability and overall performance.

Группировка промышленных предприятий по загрузке производственных мощностей и уровню банковской задолженности (за III квартал 2020 года)

Russian industrial enterprises, examined by the Russian Economic Barometer are grouped according to two criteria: the level of capacity utilization rate, as well as the level of debts to banks. This grouping allows you to see how key characteristics of enterprises differ depending on how their production capacities are loaded and what level of debts to banks they have. Data are presented for the third quarter of 2020.

Группировка промышленных предприятий по загрузке производственных мощностей и уровню банковской задолженности (за IV квартал 2020 года)

Russian industrial enterprises, examined by the Russian Economic Barometer are grouped according to two criteria: the level of capacity utilization rate, as well as the level of debts to banks. This grouping allows you to see how key characteristics of enterprises differ depending on how their production capacities are loaded and what level of debts to banks they have. Data are presented for the fourth quarter of 2020.

МОНИТОРИНГ ПРОЦЕССОВ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ СИСТЕМАХ НА ОСНОВЕ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ СТАТИСТИКИ

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of organizing and managing resource-saving industrial chemical-technological systems and increasing the competitiveness of products. To increase the efficiency of the implementation of energy-saving technologies, it is necessary to conduct continuous energy monitoring and control, which is currently difficult due to the imperfection of the mechanism for the practical implementation of energy management systems. The purpose of the article is to study the trends in the dynamics of the energy component of the cost of production and the transformation of the structure of energy resources, to assess the maximum rate of electricity losses in chemical-technological systems on the basis of mathematical statistics. To achieve this goal, the article uses scientific and organizational approaches to the study of the energy efficiency of chemical technological systems, among the methods of mathematical modeling, methods of descriptive statistics have been effectively applied, and a method is proposed for assessing energy losses based on the dependence of the range of limit values of energy consumption on the average rate according to the best available technologies. Positive trends in the change in the energy consumption of products of chemical-technological systems in general for all resources have been determined against the background of an increase in electrical energy consumption and a decrease in heat consumption. A fairly significant movement of the structure of fuel and energy resources for certain items was revealed, which is associated with a change in the cost of fuel and electricity, the introduction of new technologies into production, as well as a certain effect from the implementation of energy conservation programs. A positive trend has been established to reduce the amount of energy losses at Russian industrial enterprises while maintaining a relatively high level of technological losses in absolute terms. The necessity of taking into account the absolute value of the energy consumption of products when determining the rate of loss of energy resources at the stage of design or modernization of chemical production is substantiated on the basis of the revealed correlation dependences of the range of limit values of electricity consumption from the average rate of energy consumption. The limiting limits of the norms for the loss of electrical energy are estimated on the example of solution polymerization rubbers with different levels of electrical energy capacity during production. The results of the study are theoretically and practically significant for the development of models and algorithms for intelligent energy systems intended for monitoring the level of consumption and losses of energy resources in chemical-technological systems with subsequent diagnostics of deviations in resource consumption from the specified values.

Импортозамещение в контексте обеспечения экономического суверенитета Российской Федерации

The study is devoted to the assessment of the interim results of the implementation of import substitution programs in key sectors of Russian industry, as well as their relationship with the level of economic sovereignty of the country. Goal. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the interim results of import substitution programs in key industries, to determine and characterize their impact on ensuring the economic sovereignty of the country. Research methodology. The study used a comparative and retrospective analysis of import substitution processes in Russia, as well as theories and concepts of ensuring the economic sovereignty of the state, the use of which allowed us to identify the importance of import substitution in the conditions of sectoral sanctions against Russian industrial enterprises. Results. The results of the scientific research allowed us to reveal the existing theoretical approaches to determining the place and role of import substitution in the system of state measures to ensure its economic sovereignty. The results of the assessment of the interim results of the implementation of import substitution programs in key industries are presented separately, the analysis of the factors preventing the achievement of key indicators in reducing import dependence and ensuring the required level of economic sovereignty of the Russian Federation is carried out. Conclusions/significance. In the course of the scientific research, the importance of applying the results of the implementation of import substitution programs in key industries in increasing the level of economic sovereignty of the country is proved. The results of the study allow us to assert that the sectoral economic sanctions imposed against Russia, in addition to the negative, had a positive effect, which consisted in updating the technological base of industrial and agricultural enterprises, in mastering the production of new types of products, in the structural reorganization of key branches of Russian industry that had begun. The correctness of the thesis that to ensure the economic sovereignty of the country, not full, but selective import substitution is required is confirmed. Otherwise, Russian enterprises will be deprived of access to new technologies and will not be able to implement their own diversification programs.

REB indexes

“REB indexes” cover a wide range of economic indicators of Russian industrial enterprises. The article presents basic statistical data collected on a monthly, quarterly and semi-annual base by the Russian Economic Barometer by means of direct questioning of managers of industrial and agricultural enterprises. Regular extension of rows allows seeing dynamics of more than 70 series of indicators and conducting comparative analysis of data collected since 1991.

Обеспечение устойчивого функционирования и развития промышленных предприятий в условиях цифровой экономики

Subject/topic. The article discusses the possibilities and prospects of ensuring the dynamic stability of the economic development of industrial enterprises through the use of end-to-end technologies of the digital economy. The purpose and objectives of the study is to consider the potential and state of the use of digital technologies in the context of ensuring the dynamic sustainability of the development of industrial enterprises and to identify promising areas for improvement. Methodology. The study used: the general scientific dialectical method of knowledge, as well as some special research methods: comparative, survey method, statistical, generalization method and others. Results. An approach to understanding dynamic stability as a key characteristic of economic development has been substantiated. The importance of end-to-end digital technologies as a source of dynamism and sustainability of the development process of industrial enterprises is noted. Insufficient effectiveness of digitalization of Russian industrial enterprises is stated, factors that inhibit and stimulate industrial digitalization are highlighted. Some promising areas of digital assistance to ensure the economic development of Russian industrial enterprises are presented. Conclusions/Relevance. It has been confirmed that complex digital technologies of the so-called "end-to-end" nature can be fairly considered as the most modern toolkit for ensuring the dynamic sustainability of the development of economic entities in industry. Their use is truly synergistic in nature, since it pushes high-tech development of related industries, provides a deeper penetration of digitalization into the public sector, and also contributes to an integral increase in the global competitiveness of domestic industry, thereby making an invaluable contribution to achieving the desired parameters of national economic security. The promising directions of digitalization as a tool for ensuring the dynamic stability of the economic development of Russian industrial enterprises are given, such as the introduction of wireless communication technologies and the industrial Internet along the entire territorial chain of added value creation; activation of the use of robotics and sensorics components through the support of digital control and monitoring tools; orientation of the consumer product portfolio to the "Internet of Things"; further digitalization of general administrative and management processes (upstream-level of management of industrial enterprises) based on the introduction of tools and technologies for integrated digital planning and digital controlling.

Цифровизация деятельности промышленных предприятий как стратегический фактор их устойчивого развития

The publication is devoted to the aspects of digitalization of the activities of industrial enterprises, which are considered as a strategic factor for sustainable development. Research results. It was revealed that sustainable development in modern socio-economic realities is a combination of economic security and sustainability from an environmental standpoint. In both aspects, industrial enterprises are extremely vulnerable to the effects of internal and external environmental factors. It is noted that digital technologies, provided they are used correctly, can act as a strategic basis for transforming the activities of industrial enterprises in the direction of ensuring long-term sustainability of development. Based on the materials of the questionnaire survey of the heads of departments (services) of strategic development (management) of 46 large industrial enterprises of 8 branches of Russian industry, an assessment of the level of digitalization of key business processes, as well as its potential, was presented, on the basis of which it was concluded that there are significant reserves for increasing the sustainability of the development of industrial enterprises through digitalization tools. The promising directions of digitalization of Russian industrial enterprises and their areas of application are described. Conclusions. As part of the study, it is substantiated that the systematic and comprehensive implementation of measures to digitize the activities of Russian industrial enterprises will allow the transition to the formation of Industry 4.0 in many industries, which is its strategic effect.