Degradation Of Industrial Dyes Research Articles

The influence of operational factors on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous Sr-Au-ZnO suspensions under UV-A light

Any of several processes that break down dyes, ideally into harmless chemicals, is referred to as industrial dye degradation. Water waste discharges various colors, particularly those used in the textile industry like methyl red and methylene blue, into ecosystems, leading to significant pollution of the water supply. Under UV-A irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation of a commercial heterocyclic aromatic chemical molecule called methylene blue (MB) has been investigated using an aqueous solution of Sr-Au-ZnO as a photocatalyst. Research has been done on how different process characteristics affect the degradation process. For the mineralization of MB dye under UV-A light, it was found that the optimized Sr-Au-ZnO was more effective than commercial catalysts (ZnO and benchmark photocatalyst Degussa P25), single metal dopants (Sr-ZnO, Au-ZnO), and prepared ZnO. The effects of operational parameters, such as the quantity of photocatalyst, dye concentration, and starting pH, on the photo-mineralization of MB are analyzed before optimal values are given. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements have confirmed that MB is mineralized. Using GC–MS analysis, the intermediates produced during photodegradation were predicted, and an appropriate degradation pathway was suggested. This procedure can be used for treating wastewater from sewage since optimized Sr-Au-ZnO is reusable.

Construction of PANI@V2O5-ZnIn2S4 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for highly effective degradation of industrial dyes and antibiotics

From an environmental protection, the highly effective photodegradation of organic dyes and antibiotics in wastewater needs to be solved expeditiously. Fortunately, the construction of Z-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic degradation is considered to be an effective method. In this paper, after the fabrication of V2O5 by calcination and loading of PANI on its surface by aniline polymerization, a novel PANI@V2O5-ZnIn2S4 composite photocatalysts prepared by one-pot synthesis method and used for the degradation of industrial dyes (crystalline violet, Congo red) and antibiotics (tetracycline-TC). Under the optimal photodegradation conditions, the 30 wt% PANI@V2O5-ZnIn2S4 heterojunction photocatalysts resulted in more than 95 % degradation of CR, CV and TC solutions after 32 min of irradiation. The optimal photodegradation conditions of the simulated pollutants in real aqueous environments catalyzed by the as-synthesized photocatalysts were explored via response surface methodology (RSM). Multiple material characterization techniques, such as FESEM, HRTEM, XPS valence band spectrum, photoelectrochemistry, radical trapping experiments and EPR tests verified the existence of Z-scheme heterojunction. Especially, the coating of conductive PANI on the V2O5 surface can further improve the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor photocatalyst. This study will provide a robust option for the design and construction of Z-scheme heterojunctions photocatalysts for environmental pollution remediation.

Artificial Neural Network-driven Optimization of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles/PVDF Macrospheres in Fenton-like System for Methylene Blue Degradation

Efficient degradation of industrial dyes remains a critical challenge in environmental engineering. This study introduces a novel Fe3O4 nanoparticles/PVDF macrospheres in a Fenton-like system, optimized using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB). A feedforward backpropagation neural network model to optimize and predict the performance of this advanced oxidation process under various operational conditions. The model was trained, validated, and tested with robust datasets, demonstrating high predictive accuracy and generalization capability. The Mean Square Error (MSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) during testing were 0.0200 and 0.1414, respectively, indicating precise predictions. The coefficient of determination (R²) and correlation coefficient (R) were exceptionally high at 0.9744 and 0.9871, affirming the model's ability to capture the underlying dynamics of the degradation process effectively. The ANN-driven approach not only enhanced the efficiency of the MB degradation process but also provided significant insights into the scalability and applicability of the Fe3O4/PVDF system for practical water treatment solutions. This study underscores the potential of integrating advanced machine learning techniques with chemical engineering processes to achieve sustainable and efficient environmental management solutions, particularly for the treatment of recalcitrant wastewater contaminants.

MFe2O4 (M: Cu, Ni)/SnS2magnetic Core-Shell Heterostructure for Photocatalytic H2 Generation and Environmental Remediation

Overgrowing demand for sustainable energy sources and environmental remediation has driven extensive research in the field of photocatalysis. This study presents a hydrothermal synthesis of a novel MFe2O4 (M: Cu, Ni)/SnS2 magnetic core-shell heterostructure. The engineered heterostructure combines the unique properties of MFe2O4 (M: Cu, Ni) magnetic crystal as a core with SnS2 nanosheets as a shell, aiming to exploit type-2 heterojunction properties to improve effects for improved photocatalytic performance. The structural chemistry, phase formation, and crystal orientation of the prepared material are investigated using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman, and FTIR Spectroscopy. FE-SEM analysis reveals a well-defined core-shell morphology with intimate interfaces between MFe2O4 (M: Cu, Ni) crystals and SnS2 nanosheets. Photocatalytic efficiency is assessed through the industrial dye degradation process. The influence of the heterostructure's structural features on the photocatalytic activity is explored through density function theory, emphasizing the role of the core-shell interface and the magnetic properties of MFe2O4 (M: Cu, Ni) cores. The chemistry between the magnetic core and the shell in the heterostructure is demonstrated to be crucial for optimizing charge carrier dynamics and promoting surface reactions. Photocatalytic H2 generation under artificial simulated sunlight irradiation in the presence of MFe2O4 (M: Cu, Ni)/SnS2 core-shell heterostructure is demonstrated. This study not only presents a novel MFe2O4 (M: Cu, Ni)/SnS2 heterostructure for photocatalytic H2 generation but also provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship between structural chemistry and photocatalytic efficiency. The engineered heterostructure shows promising potential for applications in sustainable energy production and environmental remediation, contributing to the ongoing efforts towards a cleaner and more sustainable future.

Synthesis of Zinc-based Bimetallic Nanoparticles for the Degradation of Industrial Dyes

Synthesis of Zinc-based Bimetallic Nanoparticles for the Degradation of Industrial Dyes

Ca-doped ZnO nanoparticles for MB dye degradation and adsorptive removal of tinidazole.

Industrial dye degradation involves several processes by which dyes are broken down, ideally into innocuous products. Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most commonly employed dyes in the textile industry and is released into water in routine industry processes. These discharges lead to creating a nocuous nature for humans and animals. Drugs are also discharged into water bodies from various pharmaceutical industries. In these two contexts, in the present work, the green synthesis of calcium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ca-doped ZnO NPs) is achieved using the aqueous peel extract of Citrus limetta by the solution combustion technique. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized Ca-doped ZnO NPs are investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The prepared NPs were subjected to photocatalytic degradation of MB dye under visible-light illumination, which shows ~ 95% dye degradation. The synthesized Ca-doped ZnO NPs were also employed to adsorb tinidazole (TDZ), a nitroimidazole antibiotic, from water samples. An excellent adsorptive capacity of the NPs was observed for selectively adsorbing the TDZ ~ 96.2%. The drug TDZ was found to have pseudo-second-order kinetics. The catalyst recycling proved its repeatability; removal of the dye reached up to 92% after three successive usages. Therefore, using waste Citrus limetta peel extract, the multifunctional Ca-doped ZnO NPs were synthesized, which maintained effective adsorption potential and photocatalytic abilities and could be used as an effective material for environmental remediation.

Coastal aquatic pollutants degradation using ZnCo2O4 nanorods

Water pollution has caused problems in coastal areas, rivers, lakes, and other important water sources around the world as a result of inappropriate waste management. Meanwhile, these pollutants are harmful to humans and aquatic life. Textile dye effluent methyl orange (MO) was used in this work for dye degradation studies employing nanocomposites. As a result, the importance of synthesizing pure ZnO and Co3O4 nanoparticles with composites of ZnCo2O4 (zinc cobaltite) nanorods in three various proportions (90:10, 75:25, and 50:50) is emphasized in this study. Many advanced approaches were used to assess the various features of these materials, including size and shape. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to determine the vibrational modes of the materials. The absorption measurements were then carried out using UV–vis spectroscopic techniques, and the photocatalytic breakdown of MO was done under visible light irradiation. The findings revealed that pure materials were inadequate for visible light activity, resulting in decreased degradation efficiencies. Spinel cobaltite structures have potential degradation efficiency under visible light, while ZnCo2O4 (50:50) catalyst has superior degradation efficiency of 59.8% over MO. The crystallite size, morphology, functional group, absorption wavelength, and band gap all play important roles in enhancing the material's photocatalytic activity under visible light. Meanwhile, ZnCo2O4 spinel structures are crucial for increasing charge carriers and reducing electron-hole recombination. As a result, zinc cobaltite minerals are widely used in industrial dye degradation applications.

Functionalized nitrogen-enrich graphene as a highly efficient photocatalyst for oxidative cyclization of thioamide and degradation of Dye

Functionalized photocatalysts have shown to be an effective method for oxidative cyclization processes and the degradation of organic poisons like chemicals and dyes. In this study, we report the facile, environmentally friendly, room-temperature (RT) synthesis and development of a graphene-based visible light active photocatalyst (NenG-RhB) which is thermodynamically converted to nitrogen-enriched graphene (NenG) covalently bonded to a light-harvesting RhB molecule [9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-N, N‑diethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium chloride)]. The NenG-RhB photocatalyst is extremely effective, resulting in good oxidative cyclization of aromatic thioamide (92.5 %) and degradation efficiency of industrial orange G (97.29 %) under solar light. The current research focuses on the invention and implementation of a nitrogen-enrich graphene-based photocatalyst for direct solar medicinal chemical synthesis and industrial dye degradation in wastewater using solar light.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using macroalgae Halimeda macroloba extract and their photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange

AbstractGreen synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is gaining attention of researchers because of their varieties of biomedical and environmental applications. This study reported the novel eco‐friendly synthesis of AuNPs using green macroalgae Halimeda macroloba (HM) extract and evaluate their photocatalytic potential. The green synthesized H. macroloba mediated gold nanoparticles (HM‐AuNPs) was characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and particle size distribution (PSD) anlaysis. The UV–visible spectrum shows a sharp intense plasmonic resonance peak at 543 nm. The bioactive compounds present in HM were primarily responsible for the biological reduction of gold ions validated by FT‐IR analysis. XRD analysis proved the crystalline face centered cubic structure of the HM‐AuNPs. The average particle size of 18.72 nm and morphological evidences were obtained from the images from TEM. The metallic form of biosynthesised HM‐AuNPs was confirmed by XPS results with a distinctive binding energy. The photocatalytic degradation ability of the green synthesized HM‐AuNPs was investigated against the methylene blue (MB) and methylene orange (MO) dyes under sunlight irradiation. The HM‐AuNPs exhibited 97.23% and 89.91% photocatalytic activity against MB and MO after 90 min of exposure to sunlight, respectively. The overall results of this research indicate that H. macroloba mediated HM‐AuNPs can be used as an effective option for the degradation of industrial dyes.

Synthesis and application of ZSM-5/Graphene composite for photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes

Various materials and technologies are being employed to address the concern of increased wastewater generation. In this work, the synthesis of ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil-5) and graphene (GR) composite, their characterisation, and application for the removal of dyes are presented. Two composites of ZSM-5 and GR composites were prepared via the hydrothermal method by varying the loading amount of GR, i.e. 1% and 5%, and labelled as GZ1 and GZ5. The parent and composite materials were characterised using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), x-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The materials were then employed for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. The adsorption efficiencies for ZSM-5, GR, GZ1, and GZ5 were found as 0%, 17.8%, 0%, and 16% respectively. According to photodegradation results, the GZ1 composite exhibits the maximum degradation efficiency of 75.3% for 20 ppm of MO, within 180 min of light exposure. The scavenger studies were performed to evaluate the role of active oxygen species (AOS) in the photocatalysis mechanism. All studies were performed with the catalyst dosage of 0.5 mg ml−1. The degradation efficiencies for GR, GZ5, and Z5 were reported as 34.2%, 20.8%, and 17.5%, respectively. On increasing the irradiation time to 240 min, the degradation efficiency of GZ1 reached 92%. The removal efficiencies for MO (7 ppm) and methyl blue (5 ppm) in a 12-ppm dye mixture were observed to be 98% and 97.2% respectively within 180 min of light exposure with GZ1 composite.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Dyes; A Review Based Study

Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Dyes; A Review Based Study

Catalytical Degradation of Industrial Dyes using Biosynthesized Nanoparticles - Review

The rapid growth of the textile industry has led to a surge in the release of industrial dyes, posing a severe environmental threat. An attempt was made in this review paper to explore the catalytical degradation of industrial dyes using biosynthesized nanoparticles as a promising avenue for sustainable remediation and to provide a thorough understanding of the advancements, challenges and potential applications of this innovative approach. The synthesis methods of biosynthesized nanoparticles were explained, highlighting the use of natural extracts and their inherent catalytic properties. A critical analysis of the catalytic degradation process was presented, examining the diverse range of industrial dyes targeted by biosynthesized nanoparticles. The factors influencing degradation efficiency, such as nanoparticle size, composition and the nature of the dye pollutants were investigated and the kinetics and mechanisms governing catalytic degradation were explored, shedding light on the intricacies of the reaction pathways. The environmental impact and sustainability of biosynthesized nanoparticles for dye degradation were thoroughly evaluated. Comparisons with conventional remediation methods were made, emphasizing the eco-friendly nature and potential scalability of this innovative approach. Moreover, challenges and future directions in this field were outlined to guide further research efforts.

Bimetallic ternary Cobalt Bismuth Iodide for visible-light-drive N photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes (TB)

In the water treatment process, sustainable, easy, effective and less expensive technique is always challenging and demanding. For this perspective, metal iodide shows great efficiency towards dye degradation processes. The present work explores the degradation of toluidine blue with the help of synthesized cobalt bismuth iodide (CBI). Structural and textural features show that on the sheet of bismuth iodide, tiny particles of cobalt iodide are uniformly distributed. The effect of various parameters such as – initial pH, dye concentration, amount of cobalt bismuth iodide and exposure of light intensity were examined. The experimental results indicate that cobalt bismuth iodide is having the advantage of the photodegradation process and is considered a significant new photocatalyst. The kinetics involved in the degradation was found to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. At last, we discuss possible mechanisms for the mineralization of toludine blue. This study reveals a new choice for the potential application of cobalt bismuth iodide for the degradation of organic pollutants in water streams.

Nanoferrites in photocatalytic wastewater treatment: Advancements, characterization, and environmental implications

Water is the fundamental and indispensable component of every organism on earth.Yet, as a consequence of urbanization and industrialization; sources of clean water have been polluted with dyes that are unsafe to aquatic creatures. Nanoferrites is a photocatalytic material having an incrediblenarrow band gap, physico-chemical equilibrium, a large porosity, excellent separation of carrier’s effectiveness, and paramagnetism, making it easily recoverable. As a result, ferrites act asarole of photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. In this review, the photocatalytic degradation of the dyes using nanoferrites as a host, bimetal, trimetal with doped and composite forms is covered. Characterizations including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDAX, TEM, BET, UV-DRS, TGA and Raman spectroscopy are used for investigation and confirm the development and design of nanoferrites. The synthesis of nanoferrites, implemented in photocatalytic research demonstrated their improved ability to degrade cancer-causing dyes and their ability to be recycled for additional cycles of examination has been summarized. Photocatalysis isasimple and ecologically beneficial processprovides the most recent and beneficial concept for cleaning wastewater using specifically manufactured nanoparticles. The fundamental objective of biological approaches, green nanoparticle manufacturing, multiple chemical andgreen synthesis strategies, the benefits of greener chemistry, and its usage in photocatalysis for the degradation of industrial dyes are all addressed in this review article. Overall, this study looks at the manner in which photocatalysis research may be advanced by employing ferritesynthesized using chemical andgreen methods for better environmental monitoring and zero energy waste.Approaches for modification have been emphasized, including elemental doping, composite synthesizing, and morphological modification. By using these modification techniques, ferrite's catalytic activity for the photocatalytic breakdown of organic pollutants in water has been enhanced. The manufacture scale of nanoferrites utilizing inexpensive, energy-efficient, and environmentally conscious methods are referred to as chemical synthesis and biological synthesis in which they are recognized as a potential synthesis approach that employs diverse chemical and biological ingredients respectively. Future study will focus significantly on the combination of various modification strategies to improve ferrites' photocatalytic activity.

Investigating the Photocatalytic Degradation of Amaranth Dye in Water Environment using Visible Light‐Activated Fe‐Doped ZnO Nanoparticles

These days, the removal of dissolved organics from industrial waste water is a foremost challenge to the scientific community to attain the conservation of the aqueous ecosystem. The present work emphasizes the photocatalytic degradation of industrial dye, that is, Amaranth using Fe‐doped ZnO (Fe‐ZnO) nanoparticles. The formation of wurtzite phase bare ZnO and Fe‐ZnO materials fabricated by the solvothermal route is confirmed by XRD and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, whereas the scanning electron microscopy morphological investigations reveal the formation of coral‐like to granular particles. The bandgap energies of the synthesized materials are observed to be shifted to the blue region on gradual Fe doping, indicating the suitability of the material for photocatalysis. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐synthesized ZnO and Fe‐ZnO materials is evaluated under sunlight and mercury lamp light, wherein the 6% Fe‐ZnO material shows more than 98% degradation of Amaranth dye within 80 min in sunlight. The kinetic studies shows pseudo‐first‐order degradation reaction with a rate constant of 0.0114 min−1 in sunlight. The effects of catalyst loading, light source, and stability of the photocatalyst are also explored along with a proposed photogenerated free radical‐based dye degradation mechanism.

Biopolymer assisted synthesis of metal–silica hybrid nanoflowers as a medium for the photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants

This report presents an ecofriendly synthesis and characterization of biopolymer (sodium alginate)-capped silver nanoparticle-silicon dioxide (Ag-SiO2) hybrid nanoflowers and their efficiency for the plasmon-mediated dye degradation of methylene blue. The reducing and capping agents for the initial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis were glucose and sodium alginate, respectively. The mesoporous silica nanostructures were introduced using two-step hydrolysis followed by a polycondensation process. Detailed structural and morphological characterizations of the as-prepared hybrid nanostructures were done using various techniques. The results revealed the formation of nanoflower-like hybrid alginate-capped Ag-SiO2 nanostructures with a size range of approximately 523 ± 56 nm. The BET surface area analysis showed that the hybrid nanostructure has a surface area of 15.6 m2/g together with a pore diameter of 18.2 nm. The hybrid Ag-SiO2 nanoflowers showed excellent catalytic properties for the visible light photodegradation of methylene blue dye after 1 min exposure compared to silver nanoparticles at the same condition. The synergistic effect of SiO2 and Ag nanoparticles improved the catalytic property of the hybrid nanostructure. This study demonstrated a simple and effective model for the efficiency of designed hybrid nanostructures for degradation of industrial dyes.

Ti3C2 MXene modified porous NiTiO3 nanorod Schottky heterojunction towards enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation

The charge-transfer efficiency and effective surface area are crucial factors that influence the performance of photocatalysts for environmental remediation. This work focuses on forming a Schottky heterostructure by combining a two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene layer with one-dimensional porous NiTiO3 nanorods for photocatalytic applications. The Schottky heterojunction, derived from introducing MXene in porous NiTiO3 nanorod, could simultaneously increase the effective surface area, enhance photoinduced electron transport, and impede photoexcited electron-hole recombination. Upon exposure to sunlight, the Ti3C2-MXene-modified NiTiO3 nanorod exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance in industrial dye degradation compared to the pristine NiTiO3 nanorod. The degradation efficiency of the most common water contaminant dye, malachite green, can reach up to 98.2% in 120 min, revealing good stability and a quantum efficiency of 1.6 × 10−4. The improved activity of the heterostructure was attributed to the Schottky junction induced by the built-in internal electric field between NiTiO3 and Ti3C2-MXene, which facilitates photogenerated charge carriers to separate into electrons and holes. This study demonstrates an efficient way to fabricate Schottky heterojunction utilizing Ti3C2 MXene cocatalyst for photocatalytic pollutant degradation.

Fabrication and characterization of copper/cobalt sulfides catalyst on nickel substrate with enhanced monopersulfate-activated degradation of industrial dyes

This research aims to create a new material based on metal sulfides which have 3D hierarchical nanostructures for the purpose of monopersulfate (MPS) activation. Notably, the creation of a 3D catalyst with a hierarchical structure involved the growth of CuCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) upon a nickel substrate, with subsequent direct sulfurization, producing CuS/CoS/NF (CCSNF). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption analysis, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the structures, morphologies, chemical bonds, pore size distribution, surface area, and optical properties of the samples in the study. To assess the catalytic activity of the samples, the decomposition of methylene blue, methyl orange, methyl red, and rhodamine B was examined. In comparison to CuCo-LDH/NF (CCHNF) and CuCo2O4/NF (CCONF), CCSNF was demonstrated to offer enhanced chemical and physical properties, such as greater pore volume and surface area. The morphology of CCSNF is unusual in taking the form of floral bunches which comprise nano-needles on a nickel substrate surface. The catalytic degradation efficiency for CCSNF reached 99% after 1 h. This catalyst could be re-used while offering a high level of stability. Further experiments were then conducted to determine and validate the activation mechanism and pathway of dye degradation using by MPS activated by CCSNF.

Schottky-junction plasmonic nanocomposite: A non-hazardous excellent visible light photocatalyst for industrial waste management

A bio-compatible nanocomposite “Ag/Ag doped TiO2” with UV–Visible-NIR light gathering quality was synthesized by solvothermal method, followed by green synthesis method. Insertion of Ag+ ions into Ti2+ lattice sites in Ag doped TiO2 alters the n-type TiO2 semiconductor to p-type. Nanostructured doped TiO2 suffers high charge recombination loss in presence of trapped states, resulting 35 % photocatalytic efficiency. Ag decoration on p-type Ag doped TiO2 forms a Schottky barrier at metal-semiconductor junction, which reduces charge recombination loss by separating the photogenerated electron-hole (e-h) in two materials of the nanocomposite. These photogenerated charges create oxide and hydroxide super radicals in the aqueous system of photocatalyst, ensuing 80% degradation of SO dye under 50 min white light illumination. The nanocomposite also demonstrated good performance in degradation of industrial dyes like 50% Mordant Orange (MO) and 15% Direct Blue (DB) under 50 min white light irradiation. DFT analysis of the heterosystems supports absorptivity tuning of experimentally obtained nanocomposite. Moreover, the nanocomposite proved its non-toxicity to human cells, as it reveals <20% cell death with maximum dose (250 µg/ml) of the nanocomposite in cytotoxicity test. Hence, proper designing and synthesizing the nanocomposite explored an eco-friendly solar photocatalyst for industrial waste management.

Enhanced Industrial Dye Degradation and Antibacterial Activity Supported by the Molecular Docking Study of Yttrium and Carbon Sphere-Doped Lanthanum Oxide Nanostructures.

As the population grows, the scientific community remains focused on researching new materials, methods, and devices to ensure the availability of safe drinking water. The main aim of this research was to decrease the recombination rate of the charge carriers of La2O3 and enhance the catalytic and antimicrobial activity by employing Y/Cs- doped La2O3, respectively. In the current study, different concentrations of yttrium (Y) and a fixed amount of carbon spheres (Cs) doped into lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized by the coprecipitation technique. Cs are used as a cocatalyst as they have a high surface area and small size attributed to increased active sites and decreased recombination rate. Moreover, Y was further incorporated as it activates the generation of reactive oxygen species in the inhibition zone, enhancing the antibacterial activity and reducing the emission intensity. Advanced techniques were utilized to determine the structural properties, optical emission and absorption, elemental composition, and d-spacing of the synthesized samples. The reported ternary catalyst works efficiently, improving the catalytic activity and bactericidal potential. Moreover, in silico molecular docking studies, Cs-doped La2O3 and Y/Cs-doped La2O3 nanostructures toward DNA gyrase Escherichia coli showed good efficacy for antibacterial activity.