Nanoferrites in photocatalytic wastewater treatment: Advancements, characterization, and environmental implications

Abstract

Water is the fundamental and indispensable component of every organism on earth.Yet, as a consequence of urbanization and industrialization; sources of clean water have been polluted with dyes that are unsafe to aquatic creatures. Nanoferrites is a photocatalytic material having an incrediblenarrow band gap, physico-chemical equilibrium, a large porosity, excellent separation of carrier’s effectiveness, and paramagnetism, making it easily recoverable. As a result, ferrites act asarole of photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. In this review, the photocatalytic degradation of the dyes using nanoferrites as a host, bimetal, trimetal with doped and composite forms is covered. Characterizations including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDAX, TEM, BET, UV-DRS, TGA and Raman spectroscopy are used for investigation and confirm the development and design of nanoferrites. The synthesis of nanoferrites, implemented in photocatalytic research demonstrated their improved ability to degrade cancer-causing dyes and their ability to be recycled for additional cycles of examination has been summarized. Photocatalysis isasimple and ecologically beneficial processprovides the most recent and beneficial concept for cleaning wastewater using specifically manufactured nanoparticles. The fundamental objective of biological approaches, green nanoparticle manufacturing, multiple chemical andgreen synthesis strategies, the benefits of greener chemistry, and its usage in photocatalysis for the degradation of industrial dyes are all addressed in this review article. Overall, this study looks at the manner in which photocatalysis research may be advanced by employing ferritesynthesized using chemical andgreen methods for better environmental monitoring and zero energy waste.Approaches for modification have been emphasized, including elemental doping, composite synthesizing, and morphological modification. By using these modification techniques, ferrite's catalytic activity for the photocatalytic breakdown of organic pollutants in water has been enhanced. The manufacture scale of nanoferrites utilizing inexpensive, energy-efficient, and environmentally conscious methods are referred to as chemical synthesis and biological synthesis in which they are recognized as a potential synthesis approach that employs diverse chemical and biological ingredients respectively. Future study will focus significantly on the combination of various modification strategies to improve ferrites' photocatalytic activity.