Industrial Construction Sites Research Articles

ASPECTS REGARDING STATIC STABILITY AND DYNAMIC STABILITY OF THE TOWER CRANES

Tower cranes are widely used in construction works, because they are used to mechanize the works. Specialized for tall constructions, tower cranes have proven to be the most economical type of cranes. They are used for loading-unloading, transport and assembly operations on civil and industrial construction sites and their characteristics vary within very wide limits. Stability is an important indicator when sizing cranes. The stability condition requires that the resultant of the vertical forces be inside the support polygon, or, in other words, the load on all the bases should acquire positive values. The present paper presents some aspects related to static stability and then a study on the dynamic stability of tower cranes. The case of dynamic stability in transient regimes will be analyzed on a concrete case of a tower crane, followed by an analysis of the stability to wind and earthquake for these types of lifting machines.

Индустриализация Сталинграда и разрешение жилищной проблемы городского населения

Introduction. Meeting the housing needs of the Soviet population during industrialization lagged behind the pace of the construction of industrial enterprises in the country. The Stalingrad population was no exception. The increasing need for housing was due to the intensive growth of the urban population due to the massive influx of peasants to industrial construction sites. The shortage of housing was observed at all Stalingrad enterprises. For its resolution, housing construction began to be carried out in Stalingrad through the efforts of industrial enterprises with the involvement of construction organizations. Methods and materials. The study, based on historical-comparative and historical-descriptive methods, used published documentary materials and sources from the State Archive of the Volgograd region. The information presented is based on these materials. It covers the role of central and local authorities in resolving the housing crisis of the Stalingrad population and the difficulties of Stalingraders with housing issues. Analysis. The article deals with the provisions for housing workers in various large industrial enterprises in Stalingrad; the protocols and letters of the authorities on resolving the housing crisis, identifying the reasons for non-fulfillment of housing construction plans, are analyzed; and it is mentioned about the use of “extra” living space for workers in institutions, red corners, clubs, prayer houses, and churches. According to the decision of local authorities, 10% of the living space in private households was provided to newly arriving workers at enterprises to provide housing. But there was still not enough housing; besides, the living conditions also testified to the severity of the problem. The availability of living space for the urban population, primarily workers, was low; living conditions were unfavorable. Results. Nevertheless, despite the fact that among all the largest industrial cities of the USSR, Stalingrad was distinguished by the lowest provision of living space for urban residents, since the mid-1930s, the average norm of living space per Stalingrad resident has increased, which indicates a weakening of the severity of the housing crisis and an improvement in the lives of Stalingraders.

Planning of Mobile Crane Walking Operations in Congested Industrial Construction Sites

The trend toward more compact designs and congested site layouts makes it challenging for lift planners to provide feasible lift paths for mobile cranes, confronting the added risk of potential collisions when maneuvering through on-site obstacles. In some cases, particularly in congested industrial modular projects, it is inevitable for mobile cranes to walk with loads to a position with sufficient clearance to perform the lifts and place the objects in their final set position. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by introducing a comprehensive lift planning framework to plan complicated lifts involving mobile crane walking operations. Due to the lack of reliable and accurate plans for such lifts in practice and the added complexities, they are often eluded by practitioners compared with the more straightforward pick-and-set scenarios. This study proposes an algorithm for optimized planning of crane walking–involved lift operations borrowing an obstacle avoidance technique from robotics. The proposed path planner thoroughly considers site constraints and crane configurations to prevent collision between the crane body and the load with preinstalled objects. Actual case studies are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The system generated the presented real-world lift in less than 5 min, satisfying the operations’ optimality, safety, and feasibility.

THE SECOND WORLD WAR TURNED INTO AN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AREA

This article describes the researches about the transformation of Uzbekistan into an industrial construction site during the Second World War.

ნახშირბადის კომპოზიტური ლენტით გაძლიერებული რკინაბეტონის სვეტის გაანგარიშება სიმტკიცეზე

The advent of high-strength carbon, basalt, aramid, boron, and glass fibers in the construction market has enabled engineers to develop state-of-the-art methods and technologies that can be successfully used to repair damaged parts of load-bearing structures and increase their attractiveness. With their help, in a short time and with minimal labor costs, it is possible to increase the service life of structures. In ferroconcrete structures, the composite reinforcement system is realistic to use when the actual compressive strength of the concrete in the structure is less than 15 MPa. Composites made of carbon and basalt fiber are mainly used, which are characterized by high tensile strength and compression, and the value of the modulus of elasticity is close to the value of the modulus of elasticity of steel. The issues of reinforcing carbon composite with single-sided tape of construction structures are discussed, in particular, reinforcement of ferroconcrete columns and calculation of strength; The carbon fiber exterior reinforcement system CarbonWrap, which is successfully used for repairment and restoration on civil and industrial construction sites is described; The algorithm for calculating such a column and the analysis of the calculation results of the real construction are given

Robust detection of non-overlapping ellipses from points with applications to circular target extraction in images and cylinder detection in point clouds

Detection of non-overlapping ellipses from 2-dimensional (2D) edge points is an essential step towards solving typical photogrammetry problems pertaining to feature detection, calibration, and registration of optical instruments. For instance, circular and spherical black and white calibration and registration targets are represented as ellipses in images. Furthermore, the intersection of a cut plane with cylindrical point clouds generates 2D points following elliptic patterns. To this end, this study proposes a collection of new methods for the automatic and robust detection of non-overlapping ellipses from 2D points. These methods will first be applied to detect circular and spherical targets in images and, second, to detect cylinders in 3D point clouds. The method utilizes the Euclidian ellipticity and a new systematic and generalizable threshold to decide if a set of connected points follow an elliptic pattern. When connected points include outliers, the newly proposed robust Monte Carlo-based ellipse fitting method will be deployed. This method includes three new developments: (i) selecting initial subsamples using a bucketing strategy based on the polar angle of the points; (ii) detecting inlier points by reducing the robust ellipse fitting to a robust circle fitting problem; and (iii) choosing the best inlier set amongst all subsamples using adaptive, systematic, and generalizable selection criteria. A new process is presented to extract cylinders from a point cloud by detecting non-overlapping ellipses from the points projected onto an intersecting cut plane. The proposed methods were compared to established state-of-the-art methods, using simulated and real-world datasets, through the design of four sets of original experiments. The experiments include (i) comparisons of robust ellipse fitting; (ii) sensitivity analysis of the ellipse validation criteria; (iii) comparison of non-overlapping ellipse detection; and (iv) detection of pipes from terrestrial laser scanner point clouds. It was found that the proposed robust ellipse detection was superior to four reliable robust methods, including the popular least median of squares, in both simulated and real-world datasets. The proposed process for detecting non-overlapping ellipses achieved F-measure of 99.3% on real images, compared to 42.4%, 65.6%, and 59.2%, obtained using the methods of Fornaciari, Patraucean, and Panagiotakis, respectively. The proposed cylinder extraction method identified all detectable mechanical pipes in two real-world point clouds collected in laboratory and industrial construction site conditions. The results of this investigation show promise for the application of the proposed methods for automatic extraction of circular targets from images and pipes from point clouds.

A decision support tool for planning module installation in industrial construction

PurposeProperly planned module installation on an industrial site is a critical factor in delivering a project safely, on time and within budget. Different sizes of heavy-duty mobile cranes are used to pick, swing and place the modules. Crane selection depends on module size and weight, as well as crane availability, location and configuration. Weeks can be spent in trial and error to prepare and improve module installation plans due to the large number of ways to install the modules on site, high crane operating costs and other crane-module constraints. A tool to automatically generate module installation plans is essential.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a novel heuristic-based methodology for planning and sequencing module installation on industrial construction sites that takes into account proposed technological constraints.FindingsCase studies are presented to demonstrate the ease and effectiveness of the developed methodology in planning module installations.Originality/valueOn a complex project, the tool can save time in preparing the installation plan, while also reducing the amount of crane supporting tasks (foundation preparation and crane movement).

“This is according to Soviet law, but we are in Tagil!”: corruption practices in Middle Ural during the 1930’s

The subject of this research is the corruption practices of the party leaders and economic officials during the Soviet industrialization of the 1930’s. Based on the documents of party control agencies, the author examines the factors of misappropriation of financial and materials resources for personal gain. Relevance of this study is substantiated by the possibility of deeper understanding of the causes of repressions of the 1930’s with regards to regional authorities and economic officials. The newly introduced into the scientific discourse historical sources allow clarifying the records on the factors contributing to backlog in construction of a number of large industrial enterprise, housing accommodations for workers, and public amenities in one of the largest industrial centers of the Sovier Union. The application of descriptive method allowed demonstrating the details of corruption relationships between the party leaders administration of a number of industrial enterprises. Historical-genetic method helped to reconstruct and specify the circumstances of failure in construction of a series of industrial objects and determine the causes that led to severe financial and living conditions of the employees of the large industrial construction sites in Nizhny Tagil during the period of industrialization. The novelty consists in conducting the first in history special scientific research dedicated to the corruption relations between party nomenclature and economic officials during industrialization of the Ural region in 1930’s. The conclusion is made that corruption actions of the economic officials and party leaders negatively affected the implementation of plans for industrial development. Their unlawful activity not only inflicted an immense damage, but also worsened the financial and living conditions of the employees and engineering and technical personnel.

Remuneration and absenteeism on a large construction site

While scholarly consensus is that construction absenteeism is a serious and widespread problem, aggregate US and Canadian data show construction absenteeism rates substantially below cross-industry averages. While construction absenteeism research focuses on workplace culture and norms, contractors continue to manage absenteeism primarily as an individual problem. While remuneration and labour market conditions are generally acknowledged to influence construction absenteeism, little research has focused on these factors. High labour turnover in construction resolves the first two conundrums. Adapting to higher labour turnover by limiting investment in firm-specific human capital, contractors are quicker to fire absent workers reducing construction’s measured absentee rates. Higher labour turnover also constrains contractors’ ability to shape workplace culture while facilitating the individual treatment of absentee workers. The construction absentee literature’s methodological focus on workplace surveys explains the absence of research on labour market conditioning of construction absenteeism. This case study using payroll data from a large, unionized US industrial construction site shows not only that absenteeism leads to discharge, but also, that absenteeism is a precursor of both quits and discharges for reasons other than absenteeism. Furthermore, a 1 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate reduced the probability that a worker would be fired for absenteeism by 48%; a $100 increase in weekly overtime pay reduced a worker’s probability of being fired for absenteeism by 27% and a $100 increase in per diem or travel pay reduced a worker’s probability of being fired for absenteeism by 75%.

Algorithm for Mobile Crane Walking Path Planning in Congested Industrial Plants

AbstractOn-site construction of industrial projects relies heavily on large mobile cranes for the lifting of prefabricated modules, which over the years have become heavier and more voluminous. Industrial construction sites are frequently congested, a condition that reduces the area where cranes can freely maneuver. As a result, in some cases mobile cranes may not have sufficient clearance to perform the lifts and thus need to pick and walk with loads to a point from which the modules can ultimately be set in their resting positions. Since this type of crane operation presents higher risks of failure or accident in comparison to the traditional scenario, in which the location of the crane does not change for the duration of the lifting, a detailed analysis of these operations is paramount to ensure safety and efficiency. Paradoxically, many practitioners still rely on their best judgment for crane walking planning, which in the case of highly congested and complex construction sites is likely to lead to i...

Method to Assess the Level of Implementation of Productivity Practices on Industrial Projects

AbstractBased on observations of industrial construction sites, it is evident that most industrial projects do not effectively implement historically successful management practices that have the potential to improve construction productivity. Also, these practices are seldom implemented consistently from project to project. To help address this problem, the authors identified essential management practices for productivity improvement and developed the Best Productivity Practices Implementation Index for Industrial Projects (BPPII Industrial) based on these practices. The BPPII Industrial is a method and metric for assessing the planning and implementation levels of key practices needed to ensure high levels of labor productivity. The practices included in the proposed method are those that are widely accepted in academia and industry to have a positive impact on labor productivity. This paper presents the development, verification, and validation of the BPPII Industrial. This paper’s primary contributio...

An Unusual Larval Collection and Survival of Orthopodomyia signifera in the Presence of the Predator Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis

From a discarded heavy-equipment tire (ca. 57 liter) at an industrial construction site, we collected 655 (86.0%) Orthopodomyia signifera, 23 (3.0%) Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, 17 (2.2%) Aedes japonicus japonicus, and 67 (8.8%) Culex pipiens pipiens. Although larvae of Aedes albopictus and Aedes triseriatus were not collected from this container, both species were prevalent as host-seeking adults and readily collected as larvae from other containers at this site. Laboratory trials to test the survival of prey (Ae. albopictus, Cx. p. pipiens, or Or. signifera) in the presence of Tx. rut. septentrionalis showed that survival of prey larvae differed among species. Multiple comparisons revealed that Ae. albopictus had the lowest and Or. signifera the highest survival in the presence of Tx. rut. septentrionalis. Survival of Or. signifera and Cx. p. pipiens was not significantly different from one another, but both were different from Ae. albopictus. Further testing is warranted to test other factors responsible for differences in the interspecific relationship between Or. signifera and other species in tree hole communities.

Problems, methods, and results of instrumental seismic risk microzoning of areas of hydrotechnical construction

Problems, methods, and results of instrumental seismic risk microzoning (SRM) of areas of hydrotechnical construction are considered. New approaches are suggested for processing and analyzing the data, which are also applicable for practical SRM of inhabited localities and civil and industrial construction sites.

Best Practices Sampling: A Participatory Approach to Improve Construction Safety Performance

Best Practices Sampling (BPS) is a participatory, crew-driven safety performance management system developed for the construction industry. Construction work crews develop their own list of critical best practices and measure their own performance through a daily sampling process. Through data summaries and feedback the information is used for real-time hazard identification and continuous safety improvement. The BPS process was piloted with five subcontractors on an industrial construction site. The pilot showed the potential for BPS to promote communication and heighten safety awareness and performance if thoroughly implemented, but revealed obstacles to successful implementation. The lessons learned from the pilot have been used to design a more formal intervention and evaluation that is currently underway. This project will evaluate implementation and outcomes, including communication, worker self-efficacy and voice, and safety problem resolution. The influence of contractor characteristics and practices on BPS and worker participation will also be investigated.

Routing Large Vehicles on Industrial Construction Sites

This paper describes the development of a prototype system for planning access routes for large vehicles within an industrial construction site. Access planning is an important consideration in the development of an effective project-execution plan. But conventional planning tools do not facilitate effective planning. The primary objectives of this work are to define a structured process for planning access and to automate the tedious and difficult tasks within the process. Concepts from the areas of information representation, geometric reasoning, and artificial intelligence are found to be applicable for automating route-planning tasks. The implementation of these concepts to develop the route-planning system is achieved by using the expert system Nexpert Object and the geographic information system Arc/Info in conjunction with the computer-aided design (CAD) package Microstation, the spreadsheet Excel, and custom programs.

Compliance with NPDES storm water discharge permit requirements

AbstractThe United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has established the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) as the primary means of regulating the discharge of industrial storm water runoff under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. The SWPPPs are, or will be, a requirement of the facility's NPDES (or state equivalent) permit.Discharge monitoring is currently reserved for only select regulated facilities. These facilities include those subject to EPCRA (SARA) Title III Section 313, land disposal sites and those with other specific categories of industrial activity identified in the regulations. However the permitting authority can, at its discretion, require discharge monitoring for any regulated facility.This paper reviews the requirements for developing and implementing the SWPPPs. Experience obtained from developing the SWPPPs for a wide range of facilities is included. These sites have included commercial and industrial construction sites, regional landfills, small light industrial facilities, and a major industrial complex covering several hundred acres of impervious industrial area.Special focus is given to methods for implementing the SWPPP that can improve the plan's effectiveness in meeting the facility's environmental policy objectives. A brief review of some problems and pitfalls to avoid in compliance monitoring is also included.

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ON A LARGE INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION SITE: THE INFLUENCE OF SECURITY OF EMPLOYMENT

Journal of Management StudiesVolume 17, Issue 1 p. 68-81 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ON A LARGE INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION SITE: THE INFLUENCE OF SECURITY OF EMPLOYMENT Roger Lumley, Roger LumleySearch for more papers by this author Roger Lumley, Roger LumleySearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1980 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1980.tb00399.xCitations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume17, Issue1February 1980Pages 68-81 RelatedInformation

A modified rules approach to workplace industrial relations

Roger Lumley makes a contribution to defining the scope of study in workplace industrial relations. Here, he examines a model based on a modified rules approach to the subject, following its application in an empirical study of a large industrial construction site.

A Modified Rules Approach to Workplace Industrial Relations

This paper makes a contribution to defining the scope of study in workplace industrial relations. Applications of a modified rules approach to industrial relations to the fieldwork setting of a large industrial construction site leads to interpretations and clarifications which give the subject a distinct focus while avoiding excessive overlap with other social science fields of study.