Industrial Code Research Articles

ANM analysis of a wrinkled elastic thin membrane

In this work, we have investigated numerically the disappearance of wrinkles from a tended membrane by the Asymptotic Numerical Method (ANM) using the finite-element DKT18. The ANM is a path-following technique that has been used to solve bifurcation problems. We show numerically the influence of the terms corresponding to the membrane displacement gradient in the Föppl–von Kármán (FvK) theory on the bifurcation curves in the case of a stretched elastic membrane. We will also study numerically, by using the ANM algorithm, the influence of the thickness and of the aspect ratio on the re-stabilization of a rectangular elastic membrane during stretching. The results obtained by our model are compared with those obtained using the industrial code ABAQUS.

Use of GPT for stabilization and acceleration of search mechanisms in industrial core computations

This paper discusses the merits of Generalized Perturbation Theory (GPT) for search mechanisms of relevance to an industrial code’s daily application context. Unavoidably, these search mechanisms are embedded in the code’s 3D whole-core iterative non-linear multi-physics coupled solution processes. Due to this, it is not so trivial to enable acceptable associated computational stability and run time performance. Relevant examples are the search mechanisms aimed at automated determination of specific control insertion depths. The latter are to enable specified target values for the axial power offset or core reactivity. Compared to executing those kinds of searches according to more primitive algorithms (such as the secant method), a co-usage of GPT was confirmed to enable a far better convergence efficiency and thereby also significant CPU run time reductions.

Weed leucaena and its significance, implications and control

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is widely recognized in many countries as a commercially valuable plant, particularly when used as a nutritious fodder in subtropical and tropical regions. However, it is also considered an environmental weed in some countries due to its ability to form dense infestations in disturbed areas, where it is not proactively managed or grazed. These different perspectives have made leucaena a contentious species. Ideally, landholders and relevant jurisdictions in charge of invasive species need to work together to minimize its spread as a weed and manage existing infestations. To date, the response has been varied, ranging from no action through to some jurisdictions formally recognizing leucaena as an environmental weed within relevant legislation and applying requirements to minimize its impact. Between these extremes, there are initiatives such as an industry Code of Practice (i.e. The Leucaena Network in Australia), recommending that those growing leucaena adhere to certain principles and practices to minimize the risk of spread from their operations. The biology of weed leucaena (e.g. large seed production, relatively long-lived seed banks) and the situations in which it spreads (e.g. roadsides and riparian systems) pose management challenges to landholders and relevant jurisdictions. Adaptive management and experimental research are necessary to identify effective control strategies for a range of situations.

OPTIMAL UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF A RISK MEASUREMENT FROM A THERMAL-HYDRAULIC CODE USING CANONICAL MOMENTS

We study an industrial computer code related to nuclear safety. A major topic of interest is to assess the uncertainties tainting the results of a computer simulation. In this work we gain robustness on the quantification of a risk measurement by accounting for all sources of uncertainties tainting the inputs of a computer code. To that extent, we evaluate the maximum quantile over a class of distributions defined only by constraints on their moments. Two options are available when dealing with such complex optimization problems: one can either optimize under constraints; or preferably, one should reformulate the objective function. We identify a well suited parameterization to compute the optimal quantile based on the theory of canonical moments. It allows an effective, free of constraints, optimization.

Seismic effects on leaning slender structures and tall buildings

A problem of joint effects of a structural leaning and seismic excitations can be particularly important for tall buildings and slender towers. Present paper addresses problems of loss of seismic resistance of leaning tall structures on examples of two selected typical structures: a 160 m high industrial chimney and a slender 30-storey high building. The problem is discussed first for strong seismic rockburst excitations (induced seismicity – where structural leaning often occurs) and also for strong natural earthquakes. Dynamic, non-linear time-history seismic response analyses of the 160 m high, reinforced concrete industrial chimney and the 30-storey shear wall building are carried out. Detailed parametric analyses of non-linear interaction of the effect of initial leaning and simultaneous seismic action, in form of inelastic time-history analyses, are performed. Unique changes in seismic responses of the leaning structures depending on combinations of various initial foundation tilts and seismic intensities are observed and studied in detail. It is demonstrated that the limitations on structural leaning described in an actual industrial mining code of practice are enough conservative. Various mechanisms driving seismic response at base and in the upper part of a leaning structure are recognized and carefully analysed for various combinations of initial ground tilts and seismic intensities.

Indoor Air Concentration from Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printer using Virgin Polyamide Nylon (PA12) Powder: A Pilot Study

Environmental emission from additive manufacturing (AM) have attracted much attention recently. The capability in fabricating complex part make AM famous in developing prototype and product in various industries especially in aerospace, medical, automotive, and manufacturing industries. However, the study on emission and exposure mainly focusses on the desktop type such as fused deposition modelling. This study investigates the emission and indoor concentration from powder bed fusion of selective laser sintering (SLS) technologies. Prior to the investigation, virgin PA12 undergone characterization in terms of morphology, size and thermal analysis. Calibration block using virgin polyamide nylon (PA12) are selected to be printed in this study. Parameters such particulate matter size 2.5 µm (PM 2.5), total volatile organic compound (TVOC), carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde, temperature and relative humidity (RH) are set to be monitored through real time sampling of 8 hours based on Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 by Department Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia. Four phases of printing process involve are background data, preprinting, during printing and post printing. Based on the study it was found that PM 2.5 and CO2 exceed the acceptable limit recommended by DOSH Malaysia during preparation of powder (preprinting) at 1218 ppm and 1070 µg/m3 respectively. Meanwhile TVOC concentration was influence by the sintered powder temperature and recorded at 0.5 ppm. Temperature, relative humidity and formaldehyde were maintained throughout the SLS process. Mitigation strategies using mechanical ventilation and personal protective equipment (PPE) are recommended to be used to reduce potential of occupational hazard to the operators.

Non-invasive implementation of nonlinear isogeometric analysis in an industrial FE software

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to further simplify the use of NURBS in industrial environnements. Although isogeometric analysis (IGA) has been the object of intensive studies over the past decade, its massive deployment in industrial analysis still appears quite marginal. This is partly due to its implementation, which is not straightforward with respect to the elementary structure of finite element (FE) codes. This often discourages industrial engineers from adopting isogeometric capabilities in their well-established simulation environment.Design/methodology/approachBased on the concept of Bézier and Lagrange extractions, a novel method is proposed to implement IGA from an existing industrial FE code with the aim of bringing human implementation effort to the minimal possible level (only using standard input-output of finite element analysis (FEA) codes, avoid code-dependent subroutines implementation). An approximate global link to go from Lagrange polynomials to non-uniform-rational-B-splines functions is formulated, which enables the whole FE routines to be untouched during the implementation.FindingsAs a result, only the linear system resolution step is bypassed: the resolution is performed in an external script after projecting the FE system onto the reduced, more regular and isogeometric basis. The novel procedure is successfully validated through different numerical experiments involving linear and nonlinear isogeometric analyses using the standard input/output of the industrial FE software Code_Aster.Originality/valueA non-invasive implementation of IGA into FEA software is proposed. The whole FE routines are untouched during the novel implementation procedure; a focus is made on the IGA solution of nonlinear problems from existing FEA software; technical details on the approach are provided by means of illustrative examples and step-by-step implementation; the methodology is evaluated on a range of two- and three-dimensional elasticity and elastoplasticity benchmarks solved using the commercial software Code_Aster.

TAX INCENTIVES AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH: AN EVALUATION OF POLICY IMPACT ON SECTORAL GROWTH

Tax incentives are tools used worldwide to enhance domestic and foreign investment and enhanced investment leads to expected economic growth. This study is an attempt to review the industrial policies and direct tax incentives of Bangladesh to have a deep insight on the congruence among them and also show some indirect impact of tax incentives on development through analyzing some fiscal and investment data. Content and document analysis method has been used to accomplish this study. Sources of data were the industrial policies, tax codes and economic surveys of Bangladesh and some scholarly articles. By reviewing some tax related aspects of industrial polices and existing direct tax incentives provided by the tax authority, it was found that incentives suggested by industrial policies and actually provided tax incentives are almost same and the changing pattern of priority sectors have been shifted to infrastructure, power and technology sectors. By observing some investment and GDP related data it is found that local private sector investments are dominant over FDI and the manufacturing sectors contribution to GDP are increasing and consistent in last 13 years.

Auto-tuning for floating-point precision with Discrete Stochastic Arithmetic

The type length chosen for floating-point numbers (e.g. 32 bits or 64 bits) may have an impact on the execution time, especially on SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) units. Furthermore optimizing the types used in a numerical simulation causes a reduction of the data volume that is possibly transferred. In this paper we present PROMISE, a tool that makes it possible to optimize the numerical types in a program by taking into account the requested accuracy on the computed results. With PROMISE the numerical quality of results is verified using DSA (Discrete Stochastic Arithmetic) that enables one to estimate round-off errors. The search for a suitable type configuration is performed with a reasonable complexity thanks to the delta debugging algorithm. The PROMISE tool has been successfully tested on programs implementing several numerical algorithms including linear system solving and also on an industrial code that solves the neutron transport equations.

A note on science, legal research and artificial intelligence

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the principles of scientific research and in turn review legal research that was done using Artificial Intelligence arguing that it is the tools (Artificial Intelligence) that take center stage while the meaning (legal research) is left back stage. In turn, this kind of research does not adhere to the fundamentals of scientific research nor comply with scientific and industry ethical codes.

Static Identification of Injection Attacks in Java

The most dangerous security-related software errors, according to the OWASP Top Ten 2017 list, affect web applications. They are potential injection attacks that exploit user-provided data to execute undesired operations: database access and updates ( SQL injection ); generation of malicious web pages ( cross-site scripting injection ); redirection to user-specified web pages ( redirect injection ); execution of OS commands and arbitrary scripts ( command injection ); loading of user-specified, possibly heavy or dangerous classes at run time ( reflection injection ); access to arbitrary files on the file system ( path-traversal ); and storing user-provided data into heap regions normally assumed to be shielded from the outside world ( trust boundary violation ). All these attacks exploit the same weakness: unconstrained propagation of data from sources that the user of a web application controls into sinks whose activation might trigger dangerous operations. Although web applications are written in a variety of languages, Java remains a frequent choice, in particular for banking applications, where security has tangible relevance. This article defines a unified, sound protection mechanism against such attacks, based on the identification of all possible explicit flows of tainted data in Java code. Such flows can be arbitrarily complex, passing through dynamically allocated data structures in the heap. The analysis is based on abstract interpretation and is interprocedural, flow-sensitive, and context-sensitive. Its notion of taint applies to reference (non-primitive) types dynamically allocated in the heap and is object-sensitive and field-sensitive. The analysis works by translating the program into Boolean formulas that model all possible data flows. Its implementation, within the Julia analyzer for Java and Android, found injection security vulnerabilities in the Internet banking service and in the customer relationship management of large Italian banks, as well as in a set of open-source third-party applications. It found the command injection, which is at the origin of the 2017 Equifax data breach, one of the worst data breaches ever. For objective, repeatable results, this article also evaluates the implementation on two open-source security benchmarks: the Juliet Suite and the OWASP Benchmark for the automatic comparison of static analyzers for cybersecurity. We compared this technique against more than 10 other static analyzers, both free and commercial. The result of these experiments is that ours is the only analysis for injection that is sound (up to well-stated limitations such as multithreading and native code) and works on industrial code, and it is also much more precise than other tools.

Environmental Innovation and Firm Performance: How Firm Size and Motives Matter

There is limited understanding of the precise circumstances under which environmental actions—such as environmental innovation—contribute to firm performance. Building on the resource-based view and on stakeholder theory, this study argues that the general positive effect of environmental innovation on financial performance varies significantly with firm size and the motives underlying a firm’s engagement in environmental innovation. Integrating survey data and lagged annual account data on 1761 Flemish companies, we find that larger firms benefit financially from environmental innovation driven by regulation or industry codes of conduct, while smaller firms benefit from environmental innovation introduced in response to customer demand. While it is increasingly accepted that environmental innovation relates positively with firm performance, the current study highlights important boundary conditions of this relationship.

The olfative brand in the new industrial property code of Mozambique

The most recent Industrial Property Code of Mozambique (CPIM), approved by Decree 41/2015 of 31 December, brought, among other innovations in the field of trademarks, the consecration of the olfactory brand, one of the "new complex in terms of distinctive capacity and graphic representation, the latter being a very controversial aspect in the field of registration assumptions of the new brands. Although the problem of graphic representation has been circumvented by the European Union trademark law in accordance with its new Trademark Directive ( (EU) 15/2436 of Parliament and Council of 16 December 2015) which has removed it from the range of requirements of the trademark concept; many legal systems such as Mozambican law still maintain it. In fact, the reason for this theme is: to study the olfactory mark and its tutelage in Mozambique. The graphic representation of the new brands, and especially of the olfactory mark, is generally problematic. It seems that the new Industrial Property Code of Mozambique has been daring to consecrate this type of mark following the brand name (of the same species was provided for in the previous Code without however having known a single application for registration so far among other possible reasons, due to the difficulty of graphical representation. Will not end the olfactory mark by following the same path and be another type of trademark foreseen in CPIM without any registration? Nevertheless, with the consecration of the olfactory mark, the attention of the Mozambican legislator must be recognized and welcomed by the dynamics of the types of brands that currently have as a whole the new brands as an undeniable reality.

The olfative brand in the new industrial property code of Mozambique

O mais recente Código da Propriedade Industrial de Moçambique (CPIM) aprovado pelo Decreto 41/2015 de 31 de Dezembro, trouxe, de entre outras novidades no domínio das marcas, a consagração da marca olfativa, uma das “novas marcas”, por sinal a mais complexa em termos de aferição da capacidade distintiva e representação gráfica, sendo este último aspeto bastante controverso no campo dos pressupostos de registo das novas marcas. Embora o problema da representação gráfica tenha sido contornado a nível do Direito de Marcas da União Europeia de acordo com a sua nova Diretiva de Marcas (Diretiva (EU) 15/2436 do Parlamento e do Conselho Europeu de 16 de Dezembro de 2015), que a removeu do leque de requisitos do conceito de marca; muitos ordenamentos jurídicos como o moçambicano ainda o mantêm. Com efeito, a razão deste tema é: estudar a marca olfativa e a sua tutela em Moçambique. Sendo, geralmente, melindrosa a representação gráfica das novas marcas e, particularmente, a da marca olfativa, parece o novo Código da Propriedade Industrial de Moçambique ter sido ousado ao consagrar este tipo de marcas na sequência da marca sonora da mesma espécie (novas marcas) que já vinha prevista no anterior Código sem, no entanto, ter conhecido um único pedido de registo até aqui entre outros eventuais motivos, devido a dificuldade de representação gráfica. Não acabará a marca olfativa por seguir o mesmo caminho e ser mais um tipo de marca previsto no CPIM sem nenhum registo? Todavia, com a consagração da marca olfativa, há que reconhecer e saudar a atenção do legislador moçambicano à dinâmica dos tipos de marcas que têm, atualmente, no seu conjunto as novas marcas como uma inegável realidade.

Trade secrets legal framework in the new Industrial Property Code

The new Industrial Property Code transposed the Trade Secrets Directive into the national legal system, creating an autonomous legal framework regarding unfair competition. Although the scope of application has been extended, according to the removal of competitive relationship, trade secrets protection is still based on a general clause related to honest commercial practices. The value dimension of the legal framework is also reinforced by the principle of proportionality, which is expressed in particular by the introduction of a relevance clause and by in the discretion assigned to the national courts to weigh a set of interests.

EFFECTS OF HOOVERING ACTIVITIES ON BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS AND PARTICULATE MATTER LEVELS IN MAIN PRAYER HALLS OF MALAYSIAN MOSQUES

In Malaysia, carpets are commonly used as finishing flooring material in the main prayer hall of mosques. In cleaning carpets, hoovering has been the most popular method, but it directly triggers the uplifting of dust that may contain bacteria and fungi. Hoovering activities and ventilation strategies (air conditioning split units (ACSUs) or by active ventilation (non-ACSUs)) can affect the prevalence of bacterial and fungal growth. This study aimed to establish the total bacterial counts, total fungal counts and also PM10 concentrations under different ventilation strategies (ACSUs and non-ACSUs) in the main prayer halls of mosques. Identification of bacterial and fungal species also took place in this study. Sampling was performed in 25 mosque buildings (17 ACSUs and 8 non-ACSUs) with carpeted flooring on Zohor-Asar and Friday-Asar prayer sessions at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Results revealed that the total bacterial counts, total fungal counts and mean PM10 concentrations were higher in mosques with ACSUs than in mosques with non-ACSUs at concentrations ranging from 166cfu/m3 to 660 cfu/m3, from 118 cfu/m3 to 660 cfu/m3 and from 11.15 ± 9.32 µg/m3 to 49.30 ± 13.13 µg/m3, respectively. The total bacterial counts exceeded the acceptable guideline limit by the Industrial Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (ICOP), but the total fungal counts and PM10 concentrations did not. In some mosques, the total bacterial and fungal counts did not decrease even after hoovering activities were completed. The dominant types of bacteria found in the mosque buildings were Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and Micrococci spp., whilst the dominant fungal species was Aspergillus niger. Although the findings were not alarming, care should be taken by mosques authorities especially while and after hoovering, to ensure that, the indoor air quality in mosques are being maintained within the permissible limit to protect worshippers from being exposed to bacterial and fungal.

Simulations of Experimental Data, in a Channel with a Rough Bottom and Macro-Roughness Elements, Using 2D Code (Rubar20)

The occupated land area and climate change can increase the negative impacts of floods. This point must be considered in the floods risks assessment. The inundated land area, the water depths and the flow velocities should be estimated for events with different return periods. Flood simulations for low return periods are frequently used, but for higher return periods, the task becomes more difficult due to lack of data. The work presented in this article is part of the European project (Flowres), where the main objective is to see if the numerical models proposed for events with weak return periods remain valid for higher return periods. For this, laboratory studies with different configurations have been made and comparisons with simulations made using industrial and research codes have been applied.

A conservative pressure based solver with collocated variables on unstructured grids for two-fluid flows with phase change

Numerical simulation of two-phase flows based on the two-fluid six-equation model is the focus of this work. This approach is widely used in thermo-hydraulics for many industrial applications, particularly nuclear power plant safety analysis. A semi-implicit numerical method that has been successfully adopted in several industrial thermo-hydraulic codes, because of its efficiency and robustness, has been extended. In this paper, the governing equations are solved on unstructured grids with collocated variables to accommodate complicated geometries, and a deferred-correction method is used to deal with the non-orthogonality of unstructured grids. In addition, the numerical method is conservative, meaning that it is capable of capturing a shock wave exactly in single-phase flows, and ensuring the conservation of physically conservative quantities of a two-phase flow mixture. Numerical benchmarks and industrial test cases are performed in order to validate the numerical method and to evaluate its behavior with respect to different physical configurations.

Compliance with regulations and codes of conduct at social media accounts of Swedish alcohol brands.

This study has, for the first time, mapped the extent to which alcoholic beverage brands operating on the Swedish market follow national advertising regulations and industry self-regulating codes in their postings on social media. All social media content posted on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram by 52 brands operating in the Swedish market was gathered from three sample months in 2014, 2016 and 2017. A content analysis was performed. An audit of the 1204 posts shows that the brands' social media content conforms rather well with the industry's own self-regulation codes. However, the studied beverage brands had alarmingly inadequate age-gates to social media accounts. Advertisements for alcoholic beverages must be clearly distinguishable from advertisements for non-alcoholic beverages, according to the Swedish Alcohol Act criteria. These criteria are fulfilled to a varying degree among the posts in the analysed data. Advertisements for non-alcoholic beverages give companies a greater leeway in terms of shape and content of the post through logotypes, settings and connotations. However, advertisements of non-alcoholic beverages continue to convey the brand connotations and image to consumers. Regulating alcohol advertising in online milieus can be very difficult because of the complex mixture between quickly evolving techniques and the diverse nature of communication messages targeting consumers. Many countries, including Sweden, are now focusing on how to enforce effective policies. This short report strives to shed some light on the scope and content of commercial messages on Swedish social media platforms.

Indoor Chemical Air Contaminants in Main Prayer Hall during Jumaat Prayer in Mosques with Different Mechanical Ventilation

Muslims generally pray five times a day. Every Friday, adult male Muslims congregate to perform Jumaat prayer, causing increased number of worshippers in mosques and vehicle movements. Consequently, indoor chemical air contaminants are produced inside and outside mosques. This study evaluated the compliance of indoor chemical air contaminants (CO, O3, TVOC, CH2O, and PM10) during Jumaat and Asar prayers in two mosques having different mechanical ventilations (i.e., air conditioning and non-air conditioned system) with the guideline limit recommended by Malaysia’s Industrial Code of Practice. Chemical air contaminants were monitored from 1200HH to 1700H in the air-conditioned mosque and from 1200H to 1730H in the non-air conditioned system mosque, which were the times for Jumaat and Asar prayers. The monitoring was conducted from November 2016 to March 2017, during the Northeast monsoon. Results showed that the mean concentrations of the four chemical air contaminants in both mosques did not exceed the acceptable guideline limit. The mean CO, TVOC, CH2O, and PM10 concentrations in the air-conditioned mosque were 0.29 ppm, 354.09 ppb, 31.28 ppb, and 13.45 μg/m3; those in the non-air conditioned system mosque were 2.36 ppm, 344.32 ppb, 19.78 ppb, and 49.91 μg/m3, respectively. However, the air-conditioned mosque’s maximum PM10 concentration of 164.48 μg/m3 exceeded the acceptable guideline limit of 150 μg/m3. Moreover, both mosques’ mean O3 concentrations of 140 and 80 ppb exceeded the limit of 50 ppb, respectively. These results suggested that the concentrations of three chemical air contaminants (TVOC, O3, and CH2O) in the air-conditioned mosque were higher than those in the non-air conditioned system mosque possibly because of the inadequate ventilation system inside the air-conditioned building. Therefore, air-conditioned mosques should have a good ventilation system to provide suitable temperature and humidity for the Jemaah, as well as sufficient amounts of air to remove indoor chemical air contaminants.