Industrial Centers Research Articles

Sacral Architecture of Czestochowa—The “Spiritual Capital of Poland” over the Centuries and Nowadays

Częstochowa is a city known as the “spiritual capital of Poland”. The reason behind this name is the sanctuary of Our Lady—”Jasna Góra” monastery—around which a settlement was established, giving rise to the city today. The first parish was established in the 14th century. The next two parishes in Częstochowa were only established at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries: St Barbara’s in 1891 and St Joseph’s in 1910. Today, Częstochowa has a population of almost 200,000, is an industrial and academic center, and has 53 parish churches. In comparison, Warsaw, Poland’s capital, with a population of 1,861,599, has 86 parishes. The vast majority of Częstochowa’s churches were built in the 1980s and 1990s. This paper presents a short history of the city’s development with particular reference to its sacred architecture. It also attempts to present the influence of church buildings on the urban layout and religious atmosphere of the city. The paper is an attempt to present the phenomenon of Częstochowa, which attracts hundreds of thousands of pilgrims from Poland and all over the world every year.

Implementation of Additive Manufacturing Technologies for the Growth and Sustainability of Manufacturing SMEs in Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study

International distribution compels global value chain members to demand highly innovative and technological advancements in their products and processes. The members include small, medium, and large enterprises from both the manufacturing and service categories. Due to short product lifecycles and resource limitations, SMEs are unable to fulfill global value chain requirements in terms of new product development, consequently struggling to sustain manufacturing. In Saudi Arabia, more than 10% of SMEs currently belong to the manufacturing sector, and the majority continue to use conventional manufacturing technologies. Against this backdrop, and to strengthen existing SMEs and enhance their growth, the author conducted a comprehensive literature review on the applicability of additive manufacturing technologies in the manufacturing of various products. The review indicated that the implementation of additive manufacturing technologies faces several difficulties; thus, the author selected two manufacturing SMEs to obtain information on the necessary requirements to implement additive manufacturing technologies. The author interacted with executives from two manufacturing companies, one located in Sudair Industrial City and the other in the industrial center of Dammam. These interactions revealed that better financing, industry–academia collaborations, and stronger inter-company ties boost the adoption of additive manufacturing and support SME growth. Optimizing the use of resources, minimizing the use of materials during the production process through the use of 3D printing technologies, and optimizing time and labor costs help to enhance the economy, which is one of the main components of sustainability.

Application of the Six Sigma Method to Improve the Quality of Cocoa Oil Industry Products in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

This research aims to control the quality of cocoa oil industry products through the application of the six sigma method. This research was carried out in the cocoa oil industry centre area in Southeast Sulawesi Province, which accommodates 3 (three) regions, namely; North Kolaka Regency, East Kolaka Regency, and Kolaka Regency. The population in this study were owners or managers of the cocoa oil industry, totalling 130 industries. The research sample used census techniques, namely; the entire population is used as a sample. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and direct observation at each industrial location during the cocoa oil production process. The analysis used in this research is Six Sigma analysis with the Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) approach. The research results show that there is an average of 17.74% defective cocoa oil products for each production. In addition, the results of this study show that the types of defective cocoa oil products are smell mismatch (17.74%), color (3.71%), taste (7.60%), and water content (70.95%). The results of this research also provide information that the solution needed to control the quality of cocoa oil products is replacing production equipment and production support, establishing partnerships with cocoa bean suppliers from more profitable sources, improving the soft and hard skills of the workforce as well as mentoring, providing machines. more adequate packaging, as well as the use of ethanol solution in the extraction process.

The Influence of Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion, and Fintech Usage on MSME Financial Performance: Study on MSME Actors of the Batik Handicraft Industry Center in Solo Raya

MSMEs are the main pillar of the Indonesian economy, playing a major role in employment, increasing GDP, and exporting local products. The government targets 90% financial inclusion by 2024, but low financial literacy is a challenge. MSMEs' performance could be improved by using fintech, however optimizing economic impact and guaranteeing business sustainability require a strong grasp of finance. With an emphasis on the connection between these factors and MSME performance, this study attempts to investigate how financial inclusion, financial literacy, and financial technology use affect MSMEs' financial success. The research involved 160 MSME owners from the Solo Besar Batik Craft Center, all of whom have adopted fintech-based payment systems. A straightforward random sampling procedure was used to choose the sample. Using a Likert scale, a questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 3 software, applying the probability sampling method (simple random sampling). The findings revealed that financial literacy, financial inclusion, and the use of financial technology significantly and positively influence the financial performance of MSMEs. Financial literacy aids in better management and increased profitability, financial inclusion broadens access to financial services, and financial technology enhances access to capital and improves transaction management. This research confirms the importance of these three factors for the growth and sustainability of MSMEs.

The Traditional Dwelling of the Mordvins: On the History of Classification and Transformations

Ethno-cultural tradition has historically determined the type of dwelling to be constructed for a relatively long period of time. However, in response to changing circumstances, the type of residential building can also change significantly. The lack of a comprehensive analysis of the history of classification and transformation of the Mordovian dwellings in the indigenous territory of residence and in other regions of Russia represents a significant obstacle to scientific research in this field. In the context of the current surge in interest in ethnotourism and the preservation of cultural heritage, this scientific research is particularly relevant for younger generations. Information on the history of formation and classification (by the way of its vertical development, by horizontal layout and by the method of construction) of the traditional Mordovian dwelling in the Mordovian Territory / Republic of Mordovia, Volga region, Siberia was collected by the author both in the Republic of Mordovia and in ethnographic expeditions in Tyumen, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan region, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territory and other regions of Russia (1991–2018). By vertical development dwellings of the distant past can be classified as following forms: a hut; a dugout and a semi-dugout; a bathhouse; an izba; wooden and adobe houses. According to the horizontal layout the dwellings can be classified as single-chamber, two-chamber, three-chamber dwellings, etc. According to the material and method of construction they are either made of log (mainly), clay, adobe or bricks, due to natural, economic and other factors. Outside Mordovia, Mordovian dwellings differ by material: wood, clay, stone, adobe houses; and by structure: log cabins and crosses (the latter is most common in the villages of Kalinovka, Pokrovka of the Sorokinsky district of the Tyumen region). Dwelling complexes near Mordovia in settlements in the Mordovian region were constantly changing. This was facilitated by the rise in the material well-being of rural residents. The share of two- and three-chamber housing increased with time. The process was faster in towns, more prosperous settlements, settlements located near highways, railways, industrial centers, while in the villages where the population came into contact with urban culture less often, this transition was slower. It would be inaccurate to speak of original and special Mordovian dwellings these days. The Mordvins have been living in next to the Russians for many centuries, their types of economy and building traditions are very similar. The housing of the Mordovian settlers are now largely indistinguishable from those of the surrounding population. The characteristics identified are more indicative of regional than ethnic differences.

Targeting Safety: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in the Work of Wood Carving in Tunjungsekar, Malang City, Using the HIRADC Method

The furniture industry in Tunjungsekar Subdistrict has become one of the leading industrial centers in Malang City, successfully boosting the local economy by employing 90 percent of the workforce. However, this industry faces productivity challenges due to an ergonomically unfavorable work environment. Therefore, practical actions and in-depth analysis are needed to improve the work environment issues. This study aims to identify hazards and assess risks associated with the work of wood carving artisans in Tunjungsekar, Malang City, using the HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) method. Identification was carried out through direct observation and interviews with artisans, followed by analyzing hazards and risks at each stage of work using the HIRADC method with a 5 multiple 5 matrix. This research design uses a descriptive quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The identification and analysis results showed 33 potential hazards that could lead to 59 risks across all work stages. These 59 risks were categorized into low, medium, and high based on the potential hazard level and the extent of exposure. Several control recommendations were proposed based on the risk assessment results, which can be implemented to reduce or eliminate the risks experienced by the wood carving artisans in Tunjungsekar, Malang City.

Analysis of Professional Skepticism and APIP Competence on Audit Quality (A Study at the Inspectorate of Southwest Aceh Regency)

This study aims to analyze the influence of professional skepticism and the competence of APIP (Internal Government Auditors) on audit quality at the Inspectorate of Southwest Aceh Regency, using a Likert scale. The research is motivated by studies highlighting the impact of audits on government losses caused by the development of the Integrated Information System of the Abdya Creative Industry Center (PIKA). The population of this study consists of all staff at the Inspectorate Office of Southwest Aceh Regency, totaling 49 individuals, with a purposive sampling technique and a sample size of 31 auditors involved in field audits and evidence documentation. The results of the study show that professional skepticism does not have a significant impact on audit quality, while APIP competence has a positive and significant impact on audit quality. These findings provide important insights for the Inspectorate of Southwest Aceh Regency to focus more on improving auditor competence to enhance audit quality outcomes.

Sustainable patchouli cultivation opportunities in Lhoong Sub-District, Aceh Besar to increase land productivity [Peluang budidaya nilam berkelanjutan di Kecamatan Lhoong Aceh Besar untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan

Patchouli is a source of essential oil which is a major commodity in Indonesia, especially in the Aceh region which can be a driver of the local economy. Community service in Lhoong Sub-District, Aceh Besar aims to improve patchouli cultivation through sustainable agricultural practices. Community service was conducted at the Patchouli Industry Center, Lhoong Sub-District, Aceh Besar Regency on August 13, 2024. The tools and materials used include a sprayer, conductor, bucket, eco-enzyme made from fruit peels with a ratio of sugar, fruit or vegetables, and water of 1: 4: 10, POC, and compost made from patchouli waste and surrounding agriculture, 2% baking soda in 1 L of water. Compost, POC, and eco-enzymes function as organic fertilizers while baking soda solution is a natural fungicide to control fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew. The study results showed that although the agroecological conditions in Lhoong Sub-District are suitable for patchouli cultivation, increasing soil fertility is needed to sustain patchouli productivity. Integration of organic inputs and natural disease control methods shows results that can increase the yield and quality of patchouli. However, community motivation in cultivating patchouli plants still needs to be improved, one of which is by providing education and motivation through training programs on effective cultivation techniques with internal inputs to activate the development of the agricultural sector that attracts the interest of local people, especially the younger generation. The approach used to increase the potential for organic farming practices that can increase land productivity and the local economy, ensures the sustainability of patchouli with high yields. Patchouli has a high price in the regional and global markets which can be an opportunity to improve the welfare of the Umong Seribee Village community.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF Cu+, Mn+, AND Ni+ IONS ON GLYCINE MAX GERMINATION

This study investigates the impact of varying concentrations of Cu+, Mn+, and Ni+ ions in sulfate salts on the germination and seed growth of soybeans (Glycine max). In regions with a high density of industrial complexes, agricultural lands often coexist with industrial activities, posing a risk to local food supplies and health. Wastewater from industrial centers, rich in heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr, can contaminate agricultural areas, affecting crops and seeds. This study explores the germination and growth of Glycine max seeds exposed to different concentrations (0.2 M, 0.1 M, and 0.05 M) of CuSO4, MnSO4, and NiSO4 salts. The study employs two-way ANOVA and regression analyses to assess the significance of solution types and concentrations on seed growth. The results indicate a strong negative correlation between increasing heavy metal concentrations and seed growth. However, no significant difference is observed among the effects of different metal ions. The study concludes that increased concentrations of Cu+, Mn+, and Ni+ ions in sulfate salts lead to a significant decrease in seed growth. The findings emphasize the potential risks of heavy metal contamination in agricultural practices and call for further research on the transfer of absorbed heavy metals in crops to human health. Presented at Bilim Armonisi International Youth Congress on December 15th, 2023.

Особенности пространственного и экономико-демографического развития китайского города Хэйхэ

The trend for high-quality development in various areas of Chinese society is spreading to border areas under the modern border management model that combines security and economic empowerment. The leading role is given to the economic growth of cities on the border and attracting residents from internal Chinese regions to live in the border area. The purpose of the work is to determine the influence of spatial, economic and demographic factors on the development of the territory of the northeastern city of Heihe, bordering Russia, within the framework of the updated strategy for regional coordinated development and the strategy for transforming border areas. The study used a systematic method, which made it possible to identify patterns of spatial development of the border city of Heihe, and a statistical method, which contributed to the consideration of quantitative characteristics of the economic and demographic development of Heihe. The article draws attention to the fact that the spatial and economic development of border Heihe is based on the formation of an innovative industrial center, a modernized agricultural base, and a territory of ‘openness’ in Northeast Asia with a developed transport infrastructure. It is substantiated that the revival of the city of Heihe is due to transformations of the agricultural complex and mining industry with the introduction of high-tech innovations. The leading role is given to Chinese-Russian cooperation, which is expanding every year. All strategic projects of Heihe depend on the effective solution of such demographic problems as the reduction in the city's population, the outflow of population to other regions and the aging population. The materials of the article can be used by Russian authorities in the development of territories bordering China, and also serve as the basis for further research on this topic.

Settlements in Tobolsk District (County) from 1860s to the 1920s: Formation and Development Characteristics

This study explores the process of formation and subsequent development of settlements as a distinct type of rural locality within the settlement network of the Tobolsk District. Utilizing the “Lists of Localities” as a primary source, the research analyzes five temporal snapshots (for the years 1869, 1893, 1903, 1909, and 1926) to trace the dynamics of settlement populations and to determine their proportion within the overall number of localities in the district. The study calculates the number of newly established settlements of this status in comparison to each preceding period, establishing their average size (in terms of households and population). It concludes that the practice of relocating from “parent” settlements to form new ones was predominantly observed among the indigenous Russian population and settlers. Notably, approximately one-third of the settlements that emerged in the 1860s had disappeared from the map of Tobolsk County by the 1920s, while most of those that persisted achieved village status. Favorable factors contributing to the continued existence of these settlements included their location along postal or zemstvo routes, access to water sources, proximity to local trade and industrial centers, and the economic strength of households that relocated from their ancestral villages to settle on unoccupied lands.

Story of a Levantine family in late Ottoman Constantinople: Dr Julius van Millingen and Dr Edwin van Millingen

This paper examines Drs Julius and Edwin van Millingen, father and son physicians from a Constantinople-based Levantine family. They thrived in late 19th-century Ottoman Constantinople, a period of modernization aimed at survival amid decline. The profiles of Millingen family members set an exemplary case of the Levantine families who preferred to settle and pursue their careers in the Ottoman capital, particularly for generations in the Pera (Beyoglu) bourgeoisie, associated with the prominent industrial and literate centers in Europe. Dr Julius Michael van Millingen (1800–1878) was physician and companion to Lord Byron (1788–1824), and served as the private physician of the Sultan Abdulmecid (1839–1861), and the Queen Mother, Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan (1807–1853) at the Imperial Ottoman Palace. He published considerable writings on balneology, then. His son, Dr Edwin van Millingen (1850–1900), an Istanbul-born ophthalmologist, worked at top hospitals, taught at the Imperial School of Medicine, and collaborated with the Société Impériale de Médecine. He reported on common ophthalmological diseases, with detailed statistics and meticulously organized tabular data. The multicultural lives of this Levantine family offer a unique glimpse into 19th-century Turkish medical history, reflecting close ties with Western medical centers.

Encouraging Digital Marketing Readiness for Cibaduyut MSMEs: Needs Analysis and Enhancement Strategies

This study aims to identify the need to improve the digital marketing readiness of Cibaduyut shoe and footwear craftsmen. Cibaduyut is one of the largest and oldest local shoe and footwear industry centers in Bandung City that is in demand by both national and international markets. However, several problems were found to be experienced by craftsmen, including the monetary crisis, which caused a decline in people’s purchasing power, the existence of the ASEAN-China free trade area (ACFTA), which facilitated the entry of imported products, digital developments, and globalization which brought significant changes to the decline in shoe and footwear sales, and the low understanding of craftsmen regarding digital marketing which resulted in craftsmen losing out to sellers who implemented digital marketing. This study applies the digital marketing readiness model and Refined Kano. Non-probability sampling was used for sampling with a purposive sampling technique. A survey of 100 Cibaduyut shoe and footwear craftsmen was conducted to assess 15 attributes of needs. Among these needs, nine attributes require improvement, while the remaining require further development.

Some aspects of the development of musculoskeletal pathology in children in an industrial center with a city-forming enterprise for the production of non-ferrous metal alloys

Introduction. At present, incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is growing in children, especially in areas with poor quality of the environment The purpose of the study was to identify markers of the development of musculoskeletal pathology in children to minimize the risk of health under conditions of exposure to emissions from a non-ferrous metal alloy production plant. Materials and methods. We performed clinical examination in four hundred ninety five 5 and 7 years children (54.3% boys and 45.7% girls). They lived in a large industrial center where safe standards for chemical in ambient air were violated per aluminum (up to 3.06 average daily MPL) and gaseous fluorides (up to 8.25 average daily MPL). Also, we examined 95 children (57.9% boys and 42.1% girls) who lived in an area where the foregoing chemicals were detected in ambient air in levels not exceeding 0.3–0.54 average daily MPL. The children were examined by pediatrician. Levels of aluminum and fluoride-ion were determined in urine. We examined phosphor-calcium metabolism indices and markers of bone tissue synthesis and resorption. The study also involved performing ultrasound densitometry. Results. The children form the observation group had aluminum and fluoride-ion levels in their urine up to 3.2 times a higher than their peers from the reference group. Likelihood of musculoskeletal pathology, including deforming dorsopathy, was found to be up to 1.3 times higher for the exposed children. Bone metabolism failure manifested itself in the exposed children through elevated levels of ionized calcium in blood; elevated levels of N-osteocalcin in 25.4% of the exposed children and elevated activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in 59.3%. Bone marrow resorption was by 9.2 times more likely to be activated in the exposed children from a large industrial center. Impaired bone tissue remodelling was accompanied with lower bone mineral density in 54.7% of the exposed children. Limitations. The study was conducted on 5–7 years children. Conclusion. Markers of bone tissue metabolism disorders can be used to implement sanitary-epidemiological and medical-preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing osteopathic conditions in childhood.

Alimentation-dependent prevalence: regional study

Introduction. It is widely known that suboptimal nutrition can trigger the mechanisms of development or progression of alimentary-dependent diseases (ADD). Aim is to study the trend in alimentary-dependent morbidity in the adult population of the Republic of Buryatia (RB). Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of morbidity for 2014–2023. The RB population in comparison with the data for the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation. The assessment of the actual power supply was carried out using software. Results. Comparison of the average ADD indices for the RB for 2019–2023 compared to 2014–2018 showed an increase by 1.23 times for diseases of the circulatory system and 1.17 times for diseases of the endocrine system. The sigmal deviation method revealed that the ADD prevalence in the RB for 2019–2023 exceeds the regional average level by from 2.1 to 8.5% for thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus, including type II, and obesity, the average federative level from 4.4 to 9.7% for diabetes mellitus, including type II, and thyrotoxicosis. In the diet, there is a deficiency of B vitamins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and a sodium surplus. Limitations. The results of the study of ADD among the adult population of the region and the nutritional characteristics in the workers of the industrial center clearly do not prove the causality of the formation of these diseases. Conclusion. The identified ADD features require the coordinated work of an interdisciplinary team of experts and the entire community focused on optimal nutrition.

Micrographic image of air pollutants in Poland

The subject of studies was one-year-old needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), collected from various characteristic landscape zones of Poland, reflecting different conditions of air pollutant emission and deposition (Integrated Monitoring of the Natural Environment base stations, industrial centers, and large cities). Analyses were carried out using a Quanta 250 FEI scanning electron microscope equipped with an EDAX Genesis X-ray spectroscopy microanalyzer. The needle surfaces were examined to identify natural structures (e.g., stomata, pollen, fungi) and anthropogenic structures (e.g. particulates with heavy metals) under conditions of diversified anthropopressure. In samples from areas with no significant local pollution sources (Wigry, Borecka Forest, Parsęta, Tuchola Forest), particles of mineral origin (resulting from rock weathering) containing Si, Al, Ca were identified. Needles collected in Roztocze, Łysogóry, Kampinos and Karkonosze, contained round technogenic particles (spherules) containing Fe, Al and Si, which had traveled significant distances. In Katowice, Poznań and Kraków, particles deposited on the bioindicators’ surfaces were composed of Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, and other heavy metals. Micrographs obtained from the analysis were used to develop a model for identifying air pollutants using artificial intelligence.

ERGONOMIC SEWING WORKSTATION DESIGN FOR BETTER PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN THE BAG INDUSTRY

Yogyakarta is one of the province's industrial centers producing bags which are quite well-known in Indonesia. As one of the provinces with a rapidly growing creative industry in Indonesia, the industry sample taken in this study is a bag production house called Difa Bag in Bantul Yogyakarta, which produces bags made of leather, canvas, and polyester materials. This research aims to observe and analyze field conditions in bag production and produce a workstation design that is ergonomy for workers in the sewing processes. Research using qualitative methods in the form of field observations obtained data that the height in the sitting position, hand reach, knee height in the sitting position, and natural sitting height obtained data that is not by proper ergonomic standards. The absence of a backrest in a sitting position also results in a hunched back for a longer time. Sewing work activities that lack ergonomics and are carried out repeatedly affect the performance of workers so that they tire quicker which causes a less-than-optimal quality and quantity of bag production. This more ergonomic sewing workstation design concept can provide comfort, safety and increase worker productivity in the bag industry in Indonesia.

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial pada Proyeksi Bisnis Sentra Mebel di Kabupaten XYZ

MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) play a crucial role in supporting Indonesia’s economy, including the furniture sector, which holds significant development potential. XYZ Regency is well-known as a furniture MSME hub with products exported widely. However, challenges such as raw material cutting efficiency, production quality standardization, and limited working capital remain obstacles for business actors. The XYZ Regency Government is planning to develop a furniture industrial center to improve community welfare, increase global market competitiveness, and benefit various stakeholders. This study aims to evaluate the business feasibility of a furniture industrial center in XYZ from a financial perspective. The quantitative method used involved data collection through surveys and questionnaires engaging 1,155 furniture MSMEs in A and B Subdistricts. Analysis was conducted by calculating cost of goods manufactured (COGM), labor costs, overhead, and projected profit and loss. The results indicate that annual labor costs reach IDR 1,513,046,088, overhead is IDR 997,270,000, and non-production operational costs are IDR 724,560,000. The estimated Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is IDR 3,234,876,088, with annual revenue potential of IDR 4,464,000,000 and a net profit of IDR 629,123,912. Projections show that the Break-Even Point (BEP) is expected to be achieved between the 8th and 9th years, with optimum operational targets being reached by the 10th year. This study provides a basis for XYZ Regency Government to make informed decisions regarding the development of the furniture industrial center business in the future.

Analisis Regulasi Kawasan Industri Halal dalam Mendukung Pengembangan IKM : Studi Kasus Safe N Lock Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur

The Halal Industrial Estate (HIE) in East Java has enormous potential to capitalize on the global trend of increasing demand for halal products. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia is expected to seize this opportunity through regulations that support the development of HZs, which can not only improve the competitiveness of local products but also expected to contribute to overall economic growth. However, challenges in the development of HEC need to be overcome through close cooperation between the government, industry players, and the community. Socialization of the importance of halal certification and its benefits for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) should also be improved to motivate business actors. This study takes a qualitative approach and literature review to understand how government regulations can support the development of the halal industry in Sidoarjo. The findings show that with the right regulations, KIH can function as a halal industry center that meets local needs and can compete in the global market. The strategic steps recommended by the government include increasing local production capacity, strengthening the halal ecosystem from upstream to downstream, and creating a competitive market environment. With these strategic steps, it is expected that East Java can optimize its role in the halal industry.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PEKERJA PADA PERUSAHAAN GENTENG DI DESA NYITDAH KECAMATAN KEDIRI KABUPATEN TABANAN

The development of the roof tile handicraft industry sector in Tabanan Regency is inseparable from the role of Kediri District, which has become the center of the roof tile handicraft industry in Tabanan Regency, one of which is Nyitdah Village. Nyitdah Village is one of the villages that has become a fairly developed and well-known roof tile handicraft industry center. The roof tile industry in Nyitdah Village is a non-formal industry that has a considerable number of business units and is able to absorb labor. The method used in collecting primary data was using a simple random sampling technique. This study took a sample of 71 respondents. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression with worker income as the dependent variable and three independent variables, namely working hours, work experience, and age.Based on the SPSS calculation results, the calculated F value is 72.439 with an F significance of 0.000. Using a significance level of 0.05, the F table value is 2.74, so F count (72.439) > F table (2.74) or F significance of 0.000 shows smaller than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the three independent variables, namely working hours, work experience and age together have a significant effect on workers' income for roof tile entrepreneurs in Nyitdah Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency. Partially, the variables of working hours, work experience and age have a positive and significant effect on workers' income for roof tile entrepreneurs in Nyitdah Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency. R Square = 0.764 means that 76.4% of the variation (ups and downs) of the dependent variable, namely workers' income, can be explained by the variation (ups and downs) of the independent variables of working hours, work experience and age, the remaining 23.6% is explained by other factors not included in this research model.