Industrial Anthrax Research Articles

Bacteriology in the Service of Sanitation: The Factory Environment and the Regulation of Industrial Anthrax in Late-Victorian Britain

Bacteriology in the Service of Sanitation: The Factory Environment and the Regulation of Industrial Anthrax in Late-Victorian Britain

A poster of pustules: representations of early twentieth century industrial anthrax in Britain

In the decades around 1900, industrial anthrax attracted significant attention from medical practitioners, legislators and the general public in Britain. Attempts to reduce the incidence of the disease ranged from basic health measures - preventing workmen from eating inside factories and trialling the use of respirators - through to national legislation making disinfection of dangerous materials mandatory. Another effort involved the production of industrial warning posters (or cautionary notices) which were designed for use in the factory environment. In the case of anthrax, the context in which these notices appeared adds to our understanding of not only the disease itself, but also the relations between those producing such posters and those who encountered them in an industrial setting.

Anthrax in Transit: Practical Experience and Intellectual Exchange

Focusing on three Anglo-American outbreaks of industrial anthrax, this essay engages the question of how local circumstances influenced the transmission of scientific knowledge in the late nineteenth century. Walpole (Massachusetts), Glasgow, and Bradford (Yorkshire) served as important nodes of transnational investigation into anthrax. Knowledge about the morphology and behavior of Bacillus anthracis changed little while in transit between these nodes, even during complex debates about the nature of bacterial morphology, disease causation, and spontaneous generation. Working independently of their more famous counterparts (Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur), Anglo-American anthrax investigators used visual representations of anthrax bacilli to persuade their peers that a specific, identifiable cause produced all forms of anthrax-malignant pustule (cutaneous anthrax), intestinal anthrax, and woolsorter's disease (pneumonic anthrax). By the late 1870s, this point of view also supported what we would today call an ecological notion of the disease's origins in the interactions of people, animals, and microorganisms in the context of global commerce.

Molecular Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis : Determining the Correct Origin

We analyzed and compared strains of Bacillus anthracis isolated from husbandry and industrial anthrax cases in Switzerland between 1952 and 1981 with published data using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Strains isolated from autochthonous cases of anthrax in cattle belong to genotype B2, together with strains from continental Europe, while human B. anthracis strains clustered with genotype A4. These strains could be traced back to outbreaks of human anthrax that occurred between 1978 and 1981 in a factory processing cashmere wool from the Indian subcontinent. We interpret the worldwide occurrence of B. anthracis strains of cluster A4 to be due to the extensive global trade of untreated cashmere wool during the last century.

Industrial anthrax.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 70, Issue 3 p. 574-584 INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX Philip Sigmund Brachman, Philip Sigmund Brachman Anthrax Investigations Unit, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga. The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this authorFrancis Robert Fekety, Francis Robert Fekety Epidemic Intelligence Service, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md.Search for more papers by this author Philip Sigmund Brachman, Philip Sigmund Brachman Anthrax Investigations Unit, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga. The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this authorFrancis Robert Fekety, Francis Robert Fekety Epidemic Intelligence Service, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md.Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1958 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb35413.xCitations: 27 The work reported in this paper is from the Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Ga., The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pa., and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Veterinary Science, Philadelphia, Pa. It is Contribution No. 20 of Microbiology and Medicine (Wistar Institute), and was supported by a contract from the United States Army Chemical Corps, Fort Detrick, Md. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume70, Issue3Animal Disease and Human HealthJune 1958Pages 574-584 RelatedInformation

Report of the Committee on Industrial Anthrax (Anthrax in the United States, 1939-1943)

Report of the Committee on Industrial Anthrax (Anthrax in the United States, 1939-1943) Industrial Hygiene Section Henry Field Smyth, and Walter D. Higgins CopyRight*Report of the Committee on Industrial Anthrax. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.35.8.850 Published Online: August 29, 2011

Report of the Committee on Industrial Anthrax (Check Anthrax—A Warning and a Plea)

Report of the Committee on Industrial Anthrax (Check Anthrax—A Warning and a Plea)

INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX

INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX Henry Field Smyth, ChairmanM.D.Dr.P.H., V. S. CheneyM.D., S. Dana HubbardM.D., and Stanley H. OsbornM.D. CopyRight*Report of the Committee on Industrial Anthrax, presented to the Industrial Hygiene Section of the American Public Health Association at the Fifty-fourth Annual Meeting at St. Louis, Mo., October 21, 1925. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.16.1.42 Published Online: October 03, 2011

British Industrial Anthrax

British Industrial Anthrax

The Milroy Lectures ON INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London

The Milroy Lectures ON INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London

The Milroy Lectures ON INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London

The Milroy Lectures ON INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London

The Milroy Lectures ON INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London

The Milroy Lectures ON INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London