Industrial Accidents Research Articles

Environmental and operational safety of tailing storage facilities: analysis of accidents, causes and technical state diagnostic methods

A number of high-profile industrial accidents occurred at sludge and tailings storage facilities in different countries of the world are considered. The problem of ecological and technogenic danger of operating such objects, which leads to significant casualties among the civilian population, serious economic losses and harms the surrounding natural environment, is illustrated. The main causes of emergency situations have been established and analysed, it will help to reduce the risk of accidents and to minimize negative environmental consequences for similar facilities in Ukraine. The retrospective review covers the period from 1960 to 2022. During this time, about 150 cases of soil dams’ destruction in waste storage facilities were recorded. The different tendency in the frequency of accidents is noted. In particular, during the period from 1960 to 2009, there were 98 accidents with an average frequency of nearly two (1.98) per year. Over the last decade (2010-2020), the number of accidents reached 36 cases, and their frequency almost doubled to 3.6 accidents per year. Over the past two years, from the beginning of 2021 to December 2022, 10 accidents have already been registered. The vast majority of accidents during this period occurred in 34 countries of the world. The largest number of them was noted in the USA (22.4%), China (10.4%), Brazil (7.5%), Chile (6.7%), the Philippines (6.0%), Canada (5.2 %), Great Britain (4.5%) and other countries. Studies note jumps in the increase of accidents that have ten-year trends (1975, 1985, 1995, 2005). The general tendency of mass accidents since the beginning of 2015 is shown, which is substantiated by the expired terms of operation of many mining and ore enterprises (mines) and significant (exceeding normative) terms of operation of tailings storage facilities, which in some places were left without proper supervision and care. It was established that a violation of the dam slope stability (37%), an overflow of the designed capacity of the tailings storage facility (12%), seismic activity (11%), etc., are the main causes of accidents. A review of modern approaches to the management of dangerous anthropogenic objects and methods of diagnosing the technical condition of such structures was conducted. The use of a complex of organizational and technical solutions about the implementing the modern methods of assessment and control the technical condition of waste storage facilities at various levels of their operation and stages of the life cycle is proposed.

H01 Chloracne: historical perspectives on an occupational disease, often the result of notorious environmental poisoning

Abstract First described by the Heidelberg dermatologist Siegfried Bettman in 1897 as an occupational disease in chemical workers cleaning out towers filled with hydrochloric acid, chloracne—not a true acne, despite showing comedones, cysts and pustules, but the manifestation of systemic poisoning by halogenated aromatic compounds—has been the subject of several controversial environmental disasters for over a century (www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhd/wp-ontent/uploads/2021/05/chloracne.pdf). These disasters include the 1949 Monsanto plant explosion at Nitro, West Virginia, with 226 affected; the 1976 Seveso disaster, which released tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) over a civilian population of around 100 000 (193 definite cases); and mass poisoning by cooking oils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls in Kyushu, Japan, in 1968 (> 2000 affected) and Taiwan in 1979 (> 2000 poisoned). Cases have even occurred in England. An explosion at the Coalite and Chemical Products Company works at Bolsover in 1968 released dioxin, leading to 79 cases of chloracne (https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1980/mar/14/dioxin-escape-at-bolsover-april-1968). An outbreak in 1992 affected 17 workers in North Derbyshire at a plant manufacturing the herbicide dichloroaniline. Another incident occurred in 1997, when seven pharmaceutical chemists who manufactured triazoloquinoxalines, not previously known to be chloracnegenic but 100 times more powerful than dioxins, were affected. Perhaps the most notorious chloracne poisoning, with TCDD, was that of the Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko in 2004. Unless exposure is overwhelming, as it was in Seveso, chloracne takes a few weeks to manifest, and systemic changes can be found in the blood count and liver functions tests. Resolution typically takes about 3 years, although skin changes can be permanent. Dermatologists should be vigilant for new cases, especially at the time of industrial accidents, as the chloracnegenic potential of new chemicals is not always apparent.

The effectiveness of the implementation of a construction safety management system for the maturity safety culture in construction SOES

The construction industry is dangerous, with a high injury rate and death rate compared to other sectors. In the last decade, construction accidents in Indonesia have increased dramatically. H. W. Heinrich in his book The Accident Prevention reveals that 80% of work accidents are caused by unsafe actions and unsafe conditions. Construction safety is the safety of people who work (safe for people) in construction projects, and community safety (safe for the public). Therefore, the work safety system is a significant concern in suppressing the high number of work accidents in the construction industry.
 This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The scoping review framework was developed using PEO (Population, Exposure and Outcome). The population in question is construction workers in Indonesia, the exposure is Occupational Accident Safety, and the Outcome is the exposure and application of this work accident safety system which is the basis for researchers to determine keywords when conducting a literature
 Understanding hazard risks and implementing a good safety management system can change the safety culture in the company. Changes in safety culture that are getting better create a sense of security for workers and can increase work productivity. In the end, good business results will be obtained for the company.
 
 Keywords: individual characteristic; lactation support; lactation facilities; working mother; workplace

Topics model of overwork-related deaths in Korea and the implications of SDGs’ decent work perspective

ObjectiveThrough a text network analysis, this study examined major issues related to death from overwork reported in Korean media over the past ten years, focusing on essential workers, and examined the implications for Korean society from the perspective of decent work as described by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). MethodsWe retrieved 1,340 news articles from 52 media companies by searching for “death from overwork” as a keyword using the Big Kinds database operated by the Korea Press Foundation. A total of 4,627 nouns were extracted from news articles, and four topics were found by performing topic modeling using the NetMiner 4 program. We also examined the trend of topic ratios by year. ResultsBetween 2012 and 2015, 22–36 news articles were reported annually, and Topic 2 (recognition of death from overwork of public officials) was the most common. Between 2016 and 2019, 72–162 news articles were reported annually, and Topic 1 (postal workers’ extended working hours) was the most common. Between 2020 and 2021, 314–441 news articles were reported annually, and Topic 3 (measures against industrial accidents of courier workers) and Topic 4 (courier sorting and labor union consensus) were the most common. ConclusionIn Korea, postal workers, public officials, and courier workers are vulnerable to death from overwork. This can be resolved by considerably reducing working hours, recognizing industrial accidents, and improving the working environment. From the perspective of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) SDGs’ decent work concept, to sustain workers’ health and well-being, the State and companies should guarantee workers healthy working hours, choice of working hours, guarantee of decent and productive work, and maximum working hours cap system. The labor system and workplace culture should be improved to guarantee workers’ health and well-being.

Analysis of Critical Risk Factors in Five Iconic Major Accidents in Petroleum and Chemical Industries

This study determined the critical risk factors that influence the risk of major accidents in petroleum and chemical industries. The retrospective study assessed five iconic accidents using the tripod beta analysis methodology. Literatures on five iconic accidents were reviewed, and the immediate causes of the accidents, preconditions and latent failures were analysed using a focused group of process safety professionals. These failures were aggregated into critical risk factors for these major accidents. The findings of this study revealed empirically that there are broadly five critical risk factors that influence the risk of major accidents: (i) design flaws, (ii) site process safety management, (iii) barrier management / control, (iv) operating procedures, and (v) process safety culture. These findings highlight that major accident risks can accumulate “dangerous” from the impairment of safety-critical barriers and that the operators of petroleum and chemical facilities may be blind-sided to the cumulative risk of the impairments. The findings also highlight the need for a proactive risk assessment tool with the capability to check the health of safety-critical barriers on a real time basis, in an operating plant. The use of Tripod Beta as a tool in accident causation analysis is recommended.

Review of Studies on the Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Hearing Loss and the Related Factors

Hearing loss due to noise is considered one of the most common occupational diseases around the world. Hearing impairment can be caused by a combination of mechanical and metabolic factors. On the other hand, smoking can affect the blood supply to the cochlea due to changes in peripheral vessels. One of the factors that can have an ototoxic effect on the hearing system is the use of tobacco. The objective of this study was to review studies on the relationship between smoking and hearing loss. For this purpose, several studies that had reported different results in the last recent years were reviewed and their results were reported. Databases included Web of Sciences, PubMed/ Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane. The study results showed that the use of tobacco causes hearing loss and a reduction in the hearing threshold, especially at high and speech frequencies. As a result, smoking and noise have a common process for hearing loss. This effect becomes more intense as the intensity of smoking and age increase. The important point is that there are industries that are noisy and the risk of hearing loss in smokers can cause more accidents in industries in addition to imposing an economic burden on society, as well as isolation, social problems, and a reduction in people’s quality of life. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on the implementation of smoking cessation training plans, especially for workers who work in noisy environments.

Comprehensive analysis of occupational accidents contributing factors in the electrical industry

This research investigates the linkages between the contributing factors of occupational accidents in the electrical industry, i.e., the business unit factor, the time of accidents, the level of injuries, the gender, and the day when occurred. The research also analyzes the linkage between the contributing factors of accidents to the occurrence of occupational accidents. The research method employed crosstab analysis as a quantitative technique through reports of occupational accidents, especially in the Indonesia Electrical Industry. Moreover, dummy variable regression is utilized to analyze the impact of contributing factors on the likelihood of work accidents. The results show that there is no significant statistical relationship between the contributing factors of occupational accidents, namely the business unit to the level of injury, the business unit to the day, the time of the accident to the level of injury, the time of the accident to the day, and the level of injury to the day. This research also finds that the significant variable in occupational accidents is the type of generation unit. As for the variable type of injury and the days, both are not proven to correlate statistically. This study can help the electrical industry improve occupational health and safety (OHS) performance through analysis to optimize the company's resources. The Management of the electrical company can allocate the right policy to increase OHS operational performance. This research integrates the identifying significant factors of occupational accidents and analyses their linkage, which can help guide future research in this area.

Dynamic responses of aluminum alloy plates coated with polyurea elastomer subjected to repeated blast loads: Experimental and numerical investigation

As one of the commonly used component units of engineering structures, aluminum alloy plates will likely suffer from multiple blast loads in terrorist bombing attacks and industrial explosion accidents. Given such structures, the research of technical measures to resist extreme blast disasters is an important topic. Polyurea, is a potential excellent strategy for improving the blast resistance of aluminum alloy plates, with a promising application prospect. This study experimentally investigated the dynamic response and damage characteristics of polyurea-coated aluminum alloy plates under repeated blast loads, and the microscopic characteristics of polyurea material and Vickers hardness properties of aluminum material after loading were analyzed. Based on the developed numerical model, the plastic deformation and energy propagation laws of composite plates were analyzed. Finally, a parametric study on the coating position of polyurea, blast scaled distance, and number of blasts was conducted. The damage regularity of the aluminum plate was obtained, and the damage assessment was performed. The results revealed that polyurea coated on the back or double sides of the aluminum plate could exhibit improved blast resistance. Under repeated blasts, compared with that of the Category A plate (uncoated polyurea), the Category B plate (coated with polyurea on the back side) exhibited improvements of 33.9% and 31.3% in the local and overall deformation resistances, respectively. The Category C plate (coated with polyurea on both sides) exhibited improvements of 19.3% and 22.5%, respectively. Polyurea significantly alleviated the damage of the aluminum plates after two explosive loads.

Review of Occupational Health and Safety Management System and Hazards Controls in the Motion & Industrial Automation Products Manufacturing Industries

Occupational injuries are a major problem worldwide and affect all countries, particularly developing ones. In recent decades, the application of approaches such as the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) has led to the successful control of workplace injuries in high-income countries. The Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 as a world- recognized OHSMS has gained considerable acceptance by a large number of organizations. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of ISO 45001on safety performance in certified organizations. This study consisted of four sub-studies, and was conducted to explore the effect of ISO 45001on the occupational injury, safety climate, and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practices in ISO 45001-certified companies compared with a control group in Iran. ISO 45001practices were also examined in the certified companies, where interviews were conducted to explore the influencing factors on the effectiveness of ISO 45001. A negative binomial regression indicated no significant effect of ISO 45001certification on the occupational injury rate. The second sub-study applied a new safety climate questionnaire, and a hierarchical regression indicated that the safety climate was influenced by the implementation of ISO 45001and safety training. The third sub-study pointed to the better OHS practices of the certified companies compared with the control ones. The results also showed that adopting the ISO 45001standard improved the documentation for the management of OHS, but did not lead to continuous improvement in the required practices. The evaluation of the collected evidence revealed the main reasons for a poor safety culture. The interviewees emphasized the internal and external influencing factors in the effectiveness of OHSAS including commitment of top management and the enforcement of OHS legal requirements. It can be concluded that the implementation of ISO 45001in an organization is not a guarantee of improved safety performance and of the existence of a high-quality management system. This study suggests that certified companies should focus on proper improvement and maintenance of the implemented management systems by escalating their commitment to the requirements of the established management systems and by participating their employees in ISO 45001practices. This study also emphasized the importance of providing safety training for employees who work in the certified companies. These efforts may help the companies in the creation of a good safety culture and the transforming the paper systems into effective management systems to make improvement in OHS performance. The aim of this report to assess and evaluate the effective implementation of occupational health & management system and hazards controls in the Motion & Industrial Automation products manufacturing Industries as per the relevant ISO standards and hierarchy of hazards controls, which is a system used in industry to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards. Falls, chemical spills, fire, explosions, working at height, confined space working, mechanical material handling, etc. are few kinds of incidents that can happen in a manufacturing environment. Such incidents are not only tragic and frequently fatal for workers, but also extremely expensive for the employers. Between worker’s compensation, regulatory penalties, reduced/diminished productivity and the costs of fixing or replacing damaged equipment, a single incident can financially devastate a business. To avoid industrial accidents / catastrophes, keep your people from harm, ensure manufacturing compliance, and protect your bottom line, you need to get serious about safety. Manufacturing Safety is everything organizations does to ensure the physical well-being of the workers in the manufacturing facility or facilities. Manufacturing Safety is also about more than checking a few boxes or putting up ‘safety first’ signage.  Manufacturing Safety keeps people alive and unharmed.  Manufacturing Safety is also tied to workforce productivity.  Manufacturing Safety is an essential form of risk management.  Manufacturing Safety is a legal requirement.  Manufacturing Safety and Profitability go hand-in-hand. Safe companies perform better and sustain in the business longer that unsafe companies.

Inhibition of aluminum powder explosion by sludge-based carbon nanotubes/phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant composite powder: Mechanism and kinetic model

Reducing or eliminating aluminum powder explosions is of great significance to preventing and reducing aluminum industry disasters. In order to find an appropriate way to prevent and alleviate the hidden danger of aluminum powder explosion, a sludge-based carbon nanotube (MS@CNTs) carrier with excellent performance was constructed in this paper, and the MPP-MS@CNTs composite powder was prepared by in-situ synthesis technology. The explosion flame propagation and pressure suppression experiments show that the composite powder can more effectively suppress the explosion of aluminum powder. When adding 60 wt% composite detonation inhibitor, the explosion inhibition of aluminum powder can be achieved. Combined with the methods of Redfern, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, it was found that the activation energy of aluminum powder increased after adding detonation inhibitor. Its inhibitory effect is theoretically demonstrated. The material properties before and after the explosion were compared and analyzed through characterization tests. Combined with pyrolysis characteristics, the inhibition mechanism of composite powder mainly includes coating inhibition, porous adsorption isolation, decomposition endothermic, and product oxidation, which provides a theoretical and practical basis for the prevention and control of explosion and fire accidents in the aluminum industry.

Analysis of personal and work-related factors contributing to construction industry accidents in Peru

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between individual and occupational risk factors and accidents at road construction sites in Lima, Peru. The research was conducted using a correlational design, analyzing the causes of accidents through safety inspection reports and independent accident investigations. The study population included all employees who suffered lost-time accidents during their workday. Associations between variables were determined using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and comparative tables. The results suggest that personal and occupational factors contribute to accidents at road construction sites in Lima, Peru. After the root causes of accidents were identified and addressed, the accident rate decreased significantly in 2017 and 2018. Supervision was found to be the primary means of accident prevention, while leadership is essential to motivate workers to adhere to established standards of conduct.

Fall From Height Accidents in the Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia

Abstract Falls from height (FFH) are considered the most dangerous accident in the global construction industry, especially in emerging economies like Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the causative factors responsible for FFH accidents in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The approach used by the study entailed a review of the extant literature to identify the main causes of FFH accidents. The identified causes were used to develop a questionnaire survey, which was administered to construction professionals in Saudi Arabia. Useable feedback from ninety-one responses was obtained and consequently analysed using the Relative Agreement Index (RAI). The results revealed that the top three causes include “lack of training”, “no safety inspection”, and “no safety meeting and seminar between stakeholders”. The causes were also categorized into three groups including “unsafe acts”, “unsafe conditions”, “communication barriers”, and “management commitment”, where “unsafe acts” was the most influential category. The significance of this study is its potential to help control the occurrence of FFH in the construction industry through the adoption of relevant controls, safety training, and risk-based decision-making in the planning and execution of construction works.

Long-term health and human capital effects of in utero exposure to an industrial disaster: a spatial difference-in-differences analysis of the Bhopal gas tragedy

ObjectivesGlobalisation and industrialisation can increase economic opportunity for low/middle-income nations, but these processes may also increase industrial accidents and harm workers. This paper examines the long-term, cohort-based health effects of...

Data-based real-time petrochemical gas diffusion simulation approach on virtual reality

BackgroundPetrochemical products possess a high risk of flammability, explosivity, and toxicity, making petrochemical accidents exceedingly destructive. Therefore, disaster analysis, prediction, and real-time simulations have become important means of controlling and reducing accident hazards. MethodsThis study proposes a complete real-time simulation solution of gas diffusion with coordinate and concentration data, which was mainly aimed at simulating the types of harmful gas leakage and diffusion accidents in the petrochemical industry. The rendering effect was more continuous and accurate through grid homogenization and trilinear interpolation. This study presents a data processing and rendering parallelization process to enhance simulation efficiency. Gas concentration and fragment transparency were combined to synthesize transparent pixels in a scene. To ensure the approximate accuracy of the rendering effect, improve the efficiency of real-time rendering, and meet the requirement of intuitive perception using concentration data, a weighted blended order-independent transparency(OIT) with enhanced alpha weight is presented, which can provide a more intuitive perception of the hierarchical information of concentration data while preserving depth information. This study compares and analyzes three OIT algorithms—depth peeling, weighted blended OIT, and weighted blended OIT with enhanced alpha weight—in terms of rendering image quality, rendering time, required memory, and hierarchical information. ResultsUsing weighted blended OIT with an enhanced alpha weight technique, the rendering time was shortened by 53.2% compared with that of the depth peeling algorithm, and the texture memory required was significantly smaller than that of the depth peeling algorithm. The rendering results of weighted blended OIT with an enhanced alpha weight were approximately accurate compared with those of the depth peeling algorithm as the ground truth, and there was no popping when surfaces passed through one another. Simultaneously, compared with weighted blended OIT, weighted blended OIT with an enhanced alpha weight achieved an intuitive perception of the hierarchical information of concentration data.

Identification of fall event and classification of the factors causing fall from height accidents in the construction industry

Fall from height (FFH) accidents are common in the construction industry and cause many negative effects. This paper aims to identify the events of falls and causes of FFH accidents through a comprehensive literature review. The top three fall events that resulted in fatalities were falling from a ladder, falling from a scaffold, and falling through a roof surface. The causes of FFH accidents were classified into three categories: human factors, management factors, and environmental factors. The sub-factor for each factor is discovered and the most-cited causes of FFH accidents were identified. The most cited sub-factor for human factors is human behaviour, such as misjudgement, poor attitude, unsafe behaviour and carelessness, obliviousness, negligence, failure to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as age or work experience. It is found that insufficient monitoring or inspection, lack of training programs, non-compliance with safety regulations, and cost-saving are the most-cited sub-factors in management factors. For environmental factors, the most cited sub-factors that cause FFH accidents are poor site management, which includes housekeeping, work platform heights, overexertion, and unusual positioning and bad weather. This research will serve as a foundation for the FFH accident field of study in Malaysia.

서비스업종에서의 안전리더십이 안전문화, 안전행동에 미치는 영향연구

According to recent statistics, the number of service workers in the industry exceeded 11,714,000 in 2017 to 13,825,000 in 2021, with about 4,217,000 in manufacturing and 1,651,000 in construction, the largest number of service workers in the industry. In addition, it is confirmed that the incidence of industrial accidents by size is the highest among those with less than 50 employees. The roadmap for reducing serious accidents recently announced by the Ministry of Employment and Labor aims to reduce industrial accidents through autonomous safety and health management of companies, such as the spread of safety awareness and safety culture within the organization. Based on previous studies that the role of workers in the organization is important for the organization's safety culture, and safety leadership affects organizational safety culture and safety behavior, this study attempted to confirm how safety leadership in the service sector affects safety culture and safety behavior. Safety leadership is an independent variable, and 206 workers in the service sector at workplaces with more than 50 employees and workplaces with less than 50 employees were examined to determine how it affects safety behavior, such as well as procedures, consciousness, and attitudes. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to secure compatibility and reliability of the tool, and the Cronbach's alpha value was derived. In addition, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics analysis were performed to understand the characteristics of the study subject and major variables, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between major variables. The mediating effect was analyzed using the Process macro, and the significance of the mediating effect was confirmed through the Bootstrapping-test. The significance of all statistical results was based on 0.05. As a result of the study, safety leadership was found to have a forward effect on safety culture and safety behavior, but more than 50 people and less than 50 people showed different patterns. In other words, safety leadership directly affected safety culture and safety behavior in workplaces with more than 50 employees, but safety leadership directly affected safety culture in workplaces with less than 50 employees.Through the results of this study, the research and policy suggestions necessary in the future are as follows. First, a detailed study on the sub-factors of each variable is needed. Second, it is necessary to identify additional variables that affect the safety culture of the service industry by size and prepare measures to spread and improve the safety culture in institutional and step-by-step ways.

특수전부대의 안전풍토가 조직효과성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Recently, the government has laid an institutional foundation for reducing safety accidents, but the cost of industrial accidents and social losses is increasing. In addition, safety accidents in the military cause property damage and loss of lives, leading to non-combat losses, as well as distrust of the military and reduced combat power, requiring attention and related research on safety. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the effect of the safety climate of special warfare forces on organizational effectiveness. The results of this study are as follows. The effects of safety climate on organizational effectiveness were studied and found that safety intervention, safety communication, safety education, physical environment and work risk assessment, safety supervisor's supportive environment, safety work competence, and safety rules and procedures affect organizational effect. However, it was confirmed that the work pressure caused by convenienceism and the level of involvement of the unit members did not affect the organizational effectiveness.

Efficient safety management plan for industrial accident prevention of hazardous machinery: Focus on safety certification system and regulations in South Korea

The “4th industrial revolution” is accelerating changes in technology, industry, and machinery, and the “Internet of everything” (IoE) requires comprehensive integration of people and machines. Despite the development of these technologies, fatal accidents continue to occur due to malfunctions of dangerous machinery, so the importance of the safety certification system is increasing, but there are few objective analysis data. In this study, the necessity of a safety certification system was confirmed by analyzing the effect of the safety certification system on the prevention effect of industrial accidents in three methods. Based on these analysis results, the industrial accident prevention effect of the current safety certification system and necessary supplementary tasks were derived. Safety certification systems for more than 30 machines and equipment are in operation in South Korea. In this research, the press, crane, catapult, and lift machines most commonly used in industrial fields were analyzed. This study was conducted in five steps: a safety certification system operation status investigation, a survey and interviews, an analysis of dangerous machinery and equipment accidents, focus group interviews, and study of the direction of safety certification systems in consideration of recent IoE developments. As a result of the analysis, various opinions were presented on the safety certification system by subject, and it was found that it was necessary to prepare supplementary measures for the advancement of the safety certification system advancement, expand its field applicability, and improve the efficiency of safety certification.

Surgery in Major Traumatic Accidents of the Hand

The hand is one of the most important parts of the human body and its ability to perform everyday tasks is fundamental to the performance of daily life. The epidemiology of catastrophic hand injuries is varied, depending on the type of injury. These can be caused by car accidents, sports accidents, industrial accidents, and in some cases, acts of violence. Catastrophic hand injuries can also result from diseases, such as osteomyelitis or hand cancer. Advances in medical technology and surgical procedures have allowed surgeons to improve precision and control in repairing injuries to nerves, blood vessels, bones, tendons and skin.

INJURIES IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT AND WAYS OF REDUCING THE INDUSTRIAL DANGERS IMPACT

The article deals with the problem of the labour protection state in railway transport. The transport sector, in particular the railway, is one of the main country's activity spheres, which significantly affects the level of its social and economic development. The analysis of statistical data shows that the transport industry is one of the leaders in the most trauma-hazardous human activity spheres. Thus, the analysis of injury rates and factors determining the professional reliability of locomotive crews, and the scientific substantiation of measures set aimed at preserving the health of railway transport workers and ensuring the safety of railway transport, are urgent and essential tasks. The article's purpose is a comprehensive analysis of the injury's actual state in railway transport. In the work, it is established that during the performance of their duties, railway transport employees are affected by physical, chemical and biological harmful production factors. The work is carried out under the influence of psychophysiological factors caused by the severity and intensity of the labour process in conditions of hydrodynamic and fixed working posture. It was determined that the influence of adverse factors complex leads to disruption of the cardiovascular, central nervous and endocrine systems activity. The authors assessed the actual state of industrial and non-industrial injuries in railway transport. It has been established that the number of industrial accident victims has been gradually increasing in recent years. This indicates the need to develop and implement in practice a set of measures to improve the working conditions of mainline locomotive crews. It is noted that the key areas of measures to preserve the health and professional capacity of railway transport workers are the improvement of regulatory and legal support, socio-economic motivation of workers, and organizational-technological and sanitary-medical measures. Keywords: injury, accident, railway transport, labour protection.