Inductive Circuit Research Articles

3D Platform for Coupling Coefficient Evaluation of an Inductive Power Transfer Systems.

This paper presents a custom-made, computer-connected, and controlled 3D platform that enables the evaluation of the coupling coefficient between the transmitter and receiver coil parts of an inductive wireless power transfer (IPT) system. The platform includes a computer application, a 3D positioning mechanism, and an inductance measurement circuit. The positioning mechanism moves the coils to the point in 3D space, and the inductance circuit measures the mutual inductance between the transmitter and the receiver coil. The measured value can be used to calculate the coupling coefficient between the transmitter and the receiver coil. The data are sent to the computer for further visualisation. The transmitter and the receiver coil can be evaluated by measuring the coupling coefficient between them in multiple points in space. Measurements performed with the platform can be used in the design and evaluation phases of inductive wireless power transfer systems and to extrapolate the polynomial function of the coupling coefficient in relation to the distance between coils or their misalignment.

A programmable tunable active grounded and floating immittance circuit using CCTA and their applications

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel grounded and floating immittance circuit. It can simulate any one of the floating and grounded positive and negative inductor circuit, positive and negative capacitor circuit, and positive and negative resistor circuit. The novelty of the proposed circuit is its capability to provide positive and negative immittances without any change of passive component and matching condition. In addition, active realisations of positive and negative fractional order immittance circuits are presented. Thus, this paper presents 16 types of immittances which cover entire two-dimensional phase plane. Grounded immittance circuit uses one active block Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (CCTA), one grounded MOS resistor and one grounded passive component while floating immittance circuit employs two CCTAs and three components. The immittance of the proposed circuits can be tuned by changing the bias current of CCTA and bias voltage of MOS resistor. The frequency responses of the proposed circuits are verified using SPICE simulation based on the 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS technology parameter. The performance of the proposed positive immittance circuits is demonstrated by active filter design using SPICE in conjunction with MATLAB. The performance of the proposed negative immittance circuit is demonstrated through inductance cancellation.

Chaos along the rc-branch of [formula omitted]-shunted intrinsic Josephson junctions

The appearance of chaos along the “charged” resonance circuit branch of the current-voltage characteristics is examined in a model of intrinsic Josephson junctions shunted by resistive, inductive and capacitive circuit elements. Detailed numerical simulations of the electric charge density, current-voltage characteristics and various chaos indicators, such as Lyapunov exponents and Poincaré sections are performed over a wide range of relevant system parameters. In mapping the parameter space, several distinctly different regions are found: some completely regular, while others are dominated by chaos, where the rc-frequency determines the appearance and properties of those regions. At higher values of the rc-frequency chaos appears at first over relatively narrow regions at the lower-current end of the rc-branch. As the rc-frequency is lowered, the chaotic region at the lowered-current end of the rc-branch may becomes wider, depending sensitively on the combination of system parameters. Examination of the metric entropy and maximal Kaplan–Yorke dimension shows that the dimensions of the chaotic attractors associated with the chaos do not plateau, as in the overdamped case, but surprisingly increase indefinitely with the number of junctions, indicating that the system is capable of truly high-dimensional chaos. The onset of the chaos along the rc-branch is found to occur via a two-frequency quasi-periodic route. Our results provided a guide for specific parameter combinations that could minimize the chaos, thereby making certain applications potentially more viable.

Improved Ephemeral Search and Nepenthes Algorithms for Diminution of True Power Loss

In this paper Improved Ephemeral Search Algorithm and Nepenthes Algorithm are used for solving the power loss lessening problem. Ephemeral Search Algorithm is physics-based algorithm that mimics the ephemeral actions of switching circuits which made by one or more intermediary switching expedients (like inductor and capacitor circuits). Actions of inductor and capacitor circuits are mathematically formulated to design the algorithm. To improve the convergence rate of the algorithm and Improved Ephemeral Search Algorithm has been designed by integrating chaotic opposition learning approach (to engender superior preliminary populations). Logistic chaos possesses arbitrary, ergodic, and systematic characteristics and chaotic variables used for optimization exploration which features the algorithm to evade local optimum, endorse the population multiplicity. Subsequently an adaptive inertia weighting approach is used (to balance exploration and exploitation capability with good convergence speed) then a neighbour learning (dimension) approach is utilized (to uphold the population assortment with every iteration of weight pursuing). Learning between neighbours (dimensional), modernizing the coordinates of the present entity by means of some data (dimensional) of adjacent entities and the data (dimensional) of an entity is arbitrarily chosen from the total population. Then in this paper Nepenthes Algorithm for solving power loss lessening problem. Nepenthes Algorithm is moulded based on the deeds of Nepenthes plant. Certain plants enthral the prey for reproduction deprived of killing them and quite a few restrain or kill the intruders for protection obstinacies conversely do not digest the physical bodies. Although several plants do engross the nutrients from the numb faunas, hitherto they do not have the competence to kill it. They simply eat the physical bodies found in the topsoil or on the surface of leaf. Every entity is structured rendering to its fitness value in uphill order mode. The highest p Nepenthes plant solutions of the systematized population are measured as the "p Nepenthes plant" plants, NP; however, the left-over solutions (p prey) are the victim (prey). The method of combination is obligatory to simulate the atmosphere of each Nepenthes plant and its victim (prey). In the course of the combination method, the Victim (prey) with the outstanding fitness is allotted to the Rank one Nepenthes plant. In the same way, the consequent preys are allotted to consecutive Nepenthes plants, consistently. When fascination rate is mediocre to the produced capricious value, the prey is successful to spurt from the ploy and Nepenthes plant withstands to propagate. Authenticity of the Ephemeral Search Algorithm, Improved Ephemeral Search Algorithm and Nepenthes Algorithm are substantiated in IEEE 30 bus system. Actual power loss lessening is reached. Proportion of actual power loss lessening is augmented

Mechanical Power of DC Motors with Polygarmonic Power Supply

The aim of the work is to develop a method for determining the mechanical power of DC mo-tors when they are powered by semiconductor converters, since the harmonic components of the armature current do not create a torque on the shaft. This means that at the nominal electric power of the motor, it is necessary to reduce the mechanical power to ensure the nominal tem-perature regime of the armature winding. The aim is achieved by solving the problem of deter-mining the dependence of the mechanical power of the motor on the armature current pulsations factor, the value of which depends on the control parameter of the thyristor or transistor con-verter, on the inductance of the armature circuit and the load current. As a result, it was pro-posed to express the dependence of the mechanical power in terms of the allowable mechanical load factor, which, in turn, depends on the armature current pulsations factor. The method is as follows: 1) on a computer model determine the armature current pulsations factor; 2) determine the allowable mechanical load factor and the allowable mechanical power. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the expression for determining the allowable mechanical load of DC motors with polyharmonic power has been further developed, which, unlike the known ones, contains the square of the armature current pulsations factor. An example of the practical use of the proposed method for calculating the allowable mechanical power of DC motor when pow-ered by single-phase thyristor rectifier.

Application of Sumudu Transform in Advanced Engineering Mathematics Problems

In this paper we will discuss mechanics and electrical circuit problems in term of a differential equation in the field of engineering. The solutions of these differential equations are obtained by Sumudu transform. Sumudu transform is a very useful and powerful mathematical tool for solving many advanced problems of engineering and applied sciences. The Sumudu Transform was applied to solve differential equations. These equations are concerned with a damping mechanical force system and an inductive capacitive electric circuit. KEYWORD: Differential equation, Sumudu Transform, Inverse Sumudu Transform, Kirchhoff’s law.

Energy harvesting efficiency of unimorph piezoelectric acoustic black hole cantilever shunted by resistive and inductive circuits

A unimorph piezoelectric cantilever equipped with an Acoustic Black Hole (ABH) termination is designed for broadband energy harvesting. The ABH termination, with its tapered region, induces a focusing of the flexural vibrations which can be used to increase the efficiency of an energy harvesting device. A modal-based analytical model is presented, providing an explicit form of the electro-mechanical coupling for each beam eigenmode. Closed-form expressions for the coupled mechanical response and electrical outputs are obtained, allowing one to draw out a complete parametric study to optimize the device. The optimization procedure is conducted following two steps: first, optimal location and dimensions of a single piezoelectric patch are achieved by maximizing the modal electro-mechanical coupling factor (MEMCF) for each structural mode. Thanks to the proposed analytical approach, it is clearly shown that by putting the piezoelectric patch at the maximum of the strain field in the tapered termination, and by adjusting its length in accordance with the focalization created by the ABH effect, the ABH cantilever produces much higher MEMCFs over a wide frequency range and thus outperforms those of a uniform beam. Second, optimization of the shunted circuit is comprehensively performed for a circuit with only resistance, or both resistance and inductance, in series or in parallel. Analytical results show that the key design rule resides in matching the time scale of the circuit with that of the forcing frequency. Addition of the inductance allows enhancing the performance, but on a narrow frequency band. Finally, broadband advantages can be further obtained by considering multiple piezoelectric patches, in which the optimum is obtained when the shunted circuit in each patch is tuned targeting an eigenmode of the ABH beam.

Effects of Discharge Current on Velocity of Moving Sheet and Joining Property in Welded Sheet Processed by Magnetic Pulse Welding

A systematic experiment was performed for four types of welding circuit with different circuit inductances and a common welding coil, where each circuit inductance is given by the sum of a different remaining inductance and a common effective inductance. It was demonstrated that increasing the circuit inductance causes adverse effects on the discharge current, resulting in a long first collision time and a low deformation velocity of the moving sheet. When the circuit inductance increases from 0.0587 μH to 0.2280 μH, the maximum current decreases from 223 kA to 132 kA at a discharge energy of 2.0 kJ. With the decrease in discharge current, the deformation velocity of the sheet decreases from 383 m∙s-1 to 164 m∙s-1. The higher the circuit inductance is, the lower the deformation velocity of the sheet is. With the lower velocity, the shearing load of the resulting welded sheet further decreases, ultimately leading to joining failure. However, in the circuit with a minimum inductance of 0.0587 μH, it is possible to weld an aluminum alloy sheet to a 1 GPa class high-strength steel sheet. It has been clarified that the decrease in circuit inductance improves the joining property of a welded sheet.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАБОТОСПОСОБНОСТИ МЕТОДИКИ АДАПТИВНОЙ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ АСИНХРОННОЙ МАШИНЫ С РАЗОМКНУТОЙ ОБМОТКОЙ РОТОРА В УСТАНОВИВШЕМСЯ РЕЖИМЕ НА ОСНОВЕ БАЛАНСА МОЩНОСТЕЙ

Relevance For the operation of a closed-loop sensorless electric drive as part of an electrical complex, it is necessary to ensure adequate restoration of the vector of state variables of an induction motor using a customizable mathematical model in the control system. The accuracy of restoring the state variable vector depends on two factors. The first factor is the mathematical description of the substitution circuit of an asynchronous motor by a system of differential equations with certain assumptions that reliably reflects the physical processes occurring in an asynchronous motor. Used in the electric drive control system, T- and L-shaped equivaent circuits of an asynchronous motor, described by a system of differential equations in a customizable mathematical model, are universal and allow simulating the behavior of an asynchronous motor in all operating modes: «start», «load surge», «load shedding», «reverse», «stop», which is a sufficient condition for their use without modifications within the framework of this article. The second factor — the coefficients in the system of differential equations with some error correspond to the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit of an asynchronous motor. In turn, the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit of an asynchronous motor are unique for each motor and cannot be used in a system of differential equations without their refinement, i.e. no identification process. There are several types of identification of the electrical parameters of an induction motor: by the experience of idling and short circuit, by catalog data, by induction motor attenuation with a locked rotor of an induction motor, and others. The described methods for identifying parameters in most cases require the decommissioning of an asynchronous motor and conducting separate experimental studies, after which the electrical parameters in the equivalent circuit are considered constant and unchanged during operation. It is known that when an asynchronous motor is heated during operation, the active resistances of the stator and rotor circuits change. The inductance of the main magnetization circuit, stator and rotor circuits vary depending on the shape of the supply voltage and the operating modes of the asynchronous motor. Changing these parameters means that the restoration of the state variable vector will occur with a larger error. Given the above, the development of a methodology for adaptive identification of the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit of an asynchronous motor during operation, without decommissioning and shutting down the entire electrical complex, is an urgent scientific and practically significant task. Aim of research Development and experimental study of a method for determining the electrical parameters of the stator winding in steady-state operation modes without decommissioning and stopping the electrical complex. Research methods Systems of nonlinear equations, iterative procedures, Newton's method, numerical methods, state space method, optimization methods. Results A method of adaptive identification of the electrical parameters of the stator winding replacement circuit in steady-state operation based on the power balance has developed and experimentally tested, which allows for accurate estimation of the parameters of the stator winding replacement circuit during induction motor operation. The developed technique in the future, with the expansion of the mathematical apparatus, will allow determining the parameters of both the stator and rotor windings of the induction motor when the electric drive is operating as part of an electrical complex. The practical application of open woundrotor induction motor is not possible, therefore this article is of a research nature and is intended only for experimental confirmation of the operation of the technique.

Method using simple RLC circuit for electrical characterization of PV panels

I=f(V) and P=f(V) characteristics of photovoltaic generator, are very important to track Pmax the maximum power, and understand the electrical behavior of solar panels under variation of external parameters such as temperature, irradiance, and different dust types. This article suggests a simple RLC circuit, to get the Ipv-Vpv and PPV-VPV output of a solar generator. This method of measurement based on a simple inductor and capacitor circuit RLC. The data acquisition is done through a current sensor and a low-cost voltage sensor in connection with an Arduino board, then the measured data are stored in real time in Excel spreadsheet, throught the “PLX-DAQ” macro from Parallax. Finally, we performed a comparison between the experimental data and the simulations obtained from MATLAB/Simulink model of the PV panel.

CNTFET Based Grounded Active Inductor for Broadband Applications

A new carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) based grounded active inductor (GAI) circuit is presented in this work. The suggested GAI offers a tunable inductance with a very wide inductive bandwidth, high quality factor (QF) and low power dissipation. The tunability of the realized circuit is achieved through CNTFET based varactor. The proposed topology shows inductive behavior in the frequency range of 0.1–101 GHz and achieves to a maximum QF of 9125. The GAI operates at 0.7 V with 0.337 mW of power consumption. To demonstrate the performance of GAI, a broadband low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit is designed by utilizing the GAI based input matching-network. The realized LNA provides high frequency bandwidth (17.5–57 GHz), low noise figure (

Analysis of LCR Network Circuits with Exponential Sources by New Integral Transform Gupta Transform

In science and engineering, the analysis of Inductor, Capacitor and Resistor (LCR) network circuits is a principal course and is generally done by applying calculus or integral transforms. In this paper, we will analyze LCR network circuits with exponential excitation sources by applying the new integral transform ‘Gupta Transform’ and obtain their responses in the form of current or voltage. This paper presents the application of the ‘Gupta Transform’ and proves its applicability for analyzing the LCR network circuits with exponential excitation sources and concludes that ‘Gupta Transform’ like other methods or approaches is also an effective and simple tool.

Classical correspondence of quantum entanglement in mesoscopic circuit

Since the birth of quantum mechanics, its classical correspondence (or analogy) has been a hot topic for physicists. In this paper, we first discuss whether there is a classical correspondence of quantum entanglement. We give a positive answer through the following examples: in the framework of quantization of mesoscopic circuits, two mesoscopic capacitance inductance (LC) circuits with mutual inductance are proved to be the source of quantum entanglement by using the integration within an ordered product, and then the formula of their characteristic frequency is obtained, It is found that it is similar to the expression of the small oscillating frequency of a classical system described below. The classical system is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="Figure1">Fig. 1</xref>. Two walls are connected with the same spring. And between the two springs a sliding trolley can move on a smooth table. The trolley is hung with a simple pendulum, The small oscillating frequency of the system is calculated by analytical mechanics. It is found that the swing of the simple pendulum will cause the trolley to oscillate back and forth. The mutual restraint effect of the pendulum, the trolley and the spring reflects the “entanglement” between them.

Анализ электровзрывобезопасности на основе динамических моделей разряда при коммутации электрической цепи

A mathematical model describing a switching arc discharge in an RL electric circuit based on the Mayr equation is developed and tested. The body of mathematics representing an arc discharge appearing in an RL circuit that takes into account the dynamic current-voltage arc characteristic and arc thermal processes is described. The results from calculating the arc thermal inertia constant for the switching period for a resistive circuit by several known methods, including the values obtained during simulation, are given. It has been found that the arc discharge model that takes into account the arc thermal inertia constant dynamics calculated from the instantaneous values of the average discharge power (taking the cathode losses into account) gives better convergence of the simulation results. An improved mathematical model of discharge in resistive and inductive electrical circuits is proposed, which makes it possible to refine the well-known method for quantifying their intrinsic safety. The convergence with the minimal igniting parameters obtained experimentally for similar circuits is analyzed.

A Modular Multilevel DC-DC Converter With Auxiliary Inductor Circuits for Cell Voltage Balancing and Fast Output Response

Battery-equipped apparatuses, such as electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy generations, and mobile devices, are widely used and still being developed. For the design and evaluation of these devices, there is a growing demand for dc power supplies to test the charge-discharge characteristics and lifetimes of batteries. As the voltage and performance of the batteries increase, the power supplies for the battery test must be able to handle higher voltages and have a faster output transient response. To handle a high voltage, multilevel converters that use multiple power devices with lower voltage ratings have often been used in recent years, in addition to using a single power device with high-voltage ratings. Among various circuit topologies, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have been actively studied and developed. However, unlike dc-ac and ac-dc conversions, dc-dc conversion in MMCs has a problem in that the cell capacitor voltages cannot be balanced in principle because of less redundancy of operation states. Therefore, most MMC-based dc-dc converters achieve voltage balancing control by combining a dc-ac conversion, isolation transformer or inductor, and ac-dc conversion. However, these circuit configurations tend to have a large equivalent inductance and are unsuitable for achieving a fast output response. In this study, we analyze the dc-dc operation and its problems in the MMC circuit. Based on the analysis, a circuit topology using auxiliary inductor circuits and a control method suitable for a dc-dc converter are proposed. A prototype of a 6-cell MMC-based dc-dc converter using SiC-MOSFETs was designed and implemented, and it was demonstrated that cell voltage balancing control and fast output response could be realized.

Impact of the Negative Resistance on the Characteristics of a Tunnel Diode-Inductive Circuit

The I-V diagram of a tunnel diode inherits a voltage range corresponding to a specific current domain with a negative slope. Within this range, the electric resistance is negatively impacting the characteristics of the electric circuits. One such circuit containing a tunnel diode in series with an inductor driven by a DC source is considered. The negative resistance significantly alters the characteristics of the circuit. In this research-oriented project, we unveil these characteristics comparing them to the classic inductive circuit with an ohmic resistor. This project stems from our previous work [1] and may be considered an application of the tunnel diode embodying unseen surprises. The circuit analysis is entirely based on utilizing a Computer Algebra System (CAS) specifically Mathematica. Without a CAS, the completion of the project wouldn’t have been possible otherwise.

A 200 kJ electrical gun for hypervelocity launch.

In order to meet the requirements of hypervelocity launch in the context of defending against space debris and deflecting asteroids, an electrical gun with 200 kJ of storage energy was recently built. The electrical gun is composed of 16 gas spark switch-capacitor modules, and pulse current is transmitted by parallel aluminum plates that are insulated by polyester foils. The capacitance, inductance, and resistance of the RLC circuit of the 200 kJ electrical gun are 80 µF, 10.3 nH, and 2.6 mΩ, respectively. It can generate pulse current with a rise time of 1.33 µs and an amplitude of 5.2 MA when short-circuited at a charging voltage of 70kV. Hypervelocity flyer launch experiments were carried out on the 200 kJ electrical gun, in which a ϕ20 × 0.5mm2 Mylar flyer (0.22g) was accelerated to 10 km/s.

A pulse current generator for dense plasma focus

A pulse current generator applied in a type of high-yield intense pulsed neutron source, the Dense Plasma Focus (DPF), is designed and developed in this paper. There are three key components in this generator. Each group of capacitors and switches is integrative to meet the DPF's requirements of low circuit inductance. A coaxial multi-channel switch is developed to solve the problems of the switch inductance, the jitter and the electrode erosion. A kind of sectorial plate transmission line is adopted to transfer the high pulse current from the capacitors to the DPF. The following technical parameters of the generator were achieved on dummy load: output current amplitude of ∼560 kA when primary capacitors are charged with 22 kV.

Investigations on energy harvesting systems incorporating mechanical and electrical nonlinearities to charge reusable batteries

This report analyzes the electromechanical coupling evident in vibration energy harvesting systems that charge reusable batteries. A model of a vibration energy harvesting system with far-from-equilibrium nonlinearities is considered for sake of capitalizing on high-energy forced vibrations. The piezoelectric structure is coupled with nonlinear interface circuits that leverage rectification and control stages to enhance power delivery to the battery. Three circuits, namely standard energy harvesting (SEH) circuit, parallel synchronized switching harvesting on inductor (P-SSHI) circuit, and synchronized charge extraction (SCE) are considered as interfaces between the nonlinear energy harvester and a battery. A simplified power calculation is numerically verified to accurately estimate the harvested power respectively delivered from three interface circuits to the battery. The investigations reveal that increasing required battery voltage may inhibit means to achieve high-energy vibrations and thus prevent battery charging. By a conservation of energy, it is shown that the phase lag between beam velocity and the base acceleration is the primary indicator of interference between dynamic energy flows in the electromechanical sub-systems. This research sheds light on the influences of energy storage components on the functioning of nonlinear vibration energy harvesting systems. Moreover, the principles uncovered for the inhibition of high-energy oscillation may guide future nonlinear energy harvesting system design to extract the best power out from the ambient vibration environments.

Space–time wave localization in electromechanical metamaterial beams with programmable defects

A relevant feature for various applications of phononic crystals and metamaterials is the wave localization and guiding using defects introduced into a periodic array. In this context, we present a flexible localization of elastic waves in piezoelectric metamaterial beams with space–time-modulated defects. The vibration energy, originally confined in a point defect, is gradually manipulated in space and time as the inductances of the shunt circuits of subsequent unit cells are properly controlled, perfectly inducing energy localization at the final defect position. This wave localization by programmable defects is also applied to a two-dimensional triangular lattice composed by piezoelectric metamaterial beams, which illustrates the potential and versatility of the proposed strategy in more complex systems. The space–time modulation of point defects presented in this work opens new possibilities for programmable wave localization, and hence, manipulation of vibration energy or information using smart metamaterials, with applications that may involve guiding, sensing, monitoring and energy harvesting.