Inductive Scheme Research Articles

Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Pengolahan: Studi Kasus Industri Pengolahan Bahan Baku Rotan

Rattan is a non-wood raw material originating from Indonesia which has become the main source of income for community forests and local governments. Rattan processing has challenges in obtaining raw materials and skilled processing techniques by workers or human resources in order to produce quality output which of course can also advance the company. The use of machines and human resources in the rattan production process can increase production speed and accuracy. This research was conducted to determine the performance of human resources which influences the quality of the rattan products produced. The research method used in this research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach and has an exploratory nature. The data collection technique in the research was carried out by creating an inductive scheme to make it easier for researchers to carry out research analysis and based on existing case studies. Observations were carried out by researchers regarding activities that occurred in the company during the researcher's internship period. The research object of rattan processing and human resources is information from the UD company. Alam Sultra's work. The research results show that the company UD. Karya Alam Sultra carries out empowerment by providing skills and training to its workers to improve the quality of employee performance in processing rattan so that it can become good quality rattan. This proves that there is empowerment in the processing of rattan raw materials, enabling the performance skills of human resources to increase efficiency and innovation in the processing of rattan products and produce quality rattan.

Native Approach to Controlled-Z Gates in Inductively Coupled Fluxonium Qubits.

The fluxonium qubits have emerged as a promising platform for gate-based quantum information processing. However, their extraordinary protection against charge fluctuations comes at a cost: when coupled capacitively, the qubit-qubit interactions are restricted to XX interactions. Consequently, effective ZZ or XZ interactions are only constructed either by temporarily populating higher-energy states, or by exploiting perturbative effects under microwave driving. Instead, we propose and demonstrate an inductive coupling scheme, which offers a wide selection of native qubit-qubit interactions for fluxonium. In particular, we leverage a built-in, flux-controlled ZZ interaction to perform qubit entanglement. To combat the increased flux-noise-induced dephasing away from the flux-insensitive position, we use a continuous version of the dynamical decoupling scheme to perform noise filtering. Combining these, we demonstrate a 20ns controlled-z gate with a mean fidelity of 99.53%. More than confirming the efficacy of our gate scheme, this high-fidelity result also reveals a promising but rarely explored parameter space uniquely suitable for gate operations between fluxonium qubits.

Feasibility of Noncontact Inductive Temperature Measurement Scheme Suitable for a Fixed or a Moving Conductive Target

Feasibility of Noncontact Inductive Temperature Measurement Scheme Suitable for a Fixed or a Moving Conductive Target

UHF Textronic RFID Transponder with Bead-Shaped Microelectronic Module

The idea of novel antennas and matching circuits, developed for radio frequency identification (RFID) passive transponders, and made on textile substrates, is presented in this paper. By manufacturing an RFID transponder by the means used in every clothing factory, we developed the concept of RFIDtex tags, which, as textronic devices, make a new significant contribution to the Internet of Textile Things (IoTT). The main feature of the device consists of the use of an uncommon inductively coupled system as the antenna feed element. The antenna is sewn/embroidered with a conductive thread, and the microelectronic module with an RFID chip is made in the form of a bead, using standard electronic technology. Finally, the construction of the RFIDtex tag is developed for easy implementation in production lines in the garment industry. The proposed inductive coupling scheme has not been considered anywhere, so far. The developed transponder is dedicated to operating in RFID systems of the ultra-high frequency band (UHF). The numerical calculations confirmed by the experimental results clearly indicate that the proposed coupling system between the antenna and the microelectronic module works properly and the RFIDtex device can operate correctly within a distance of several meters. The proposed design is based on the authors’ patent on the textronic RFID transponder (patent no PL 231291 B1).

Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Pengolahan: Studi Kasus Industri Pengolahan Bahan Baku Rotan

Rattan is a non-wood raw material originating from Indonesia which has become the main source of income for community forests and local governments. Rattan processing has challenges in obtaining raw materials and skilled processing techniques by workers or human resources in order to produce quality output which of course can also advance the company. The use of machines and human resources in the rattan production process can increase production speed and accuracy. This research was conducted to determine the performance of human resources which influences the quality of the rattan products produced. The research method used in this research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach and has an exploratory nature. The data collection technique in the research was carried out by creating an inductive scheme to make it easier for researchers to carry out research analysis and based on existing case studies. Observations were carried out by researchers regarding activities that occurred in the company during the researcher's internship period. The research object of rattan processing and human resources is information from the UD company. Alam Sultra's work. The research results show that the company UD. Karya Alam Sultra carries out empowerment by providing skills and training to its workers to improve the quality of employee performance in processing rattan so that it can become good quality rattan. This proves that there is empowerment in the processing of rattan raw materials, enabling the performance skills of human resources to increase efficiency and innovation in the processing of rattan products and produce quality rattan.

High-Quality Temporal Link Prediction for Weighted Dynamic Graphs via Inductive Embedding Aggregation

Temporal link prediction (TLP) is an inference task on dynamic graphs that predicts future topology using historical graph snapshots. Existing TLP methods are usually designed for unweighted graphs with fixed node sets. Some of them cannot be generalized to the prediction of weighted graphs with non-fixed node sets. Although several methods can still be used to predict weighted graphs, they can only derive <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">low-quality</i> prediction snapshots sensitive to large edge weights but fail to distinguish small and zero weights in adjacency matrices. In this study, we consider the challenging <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">high-quality</i> TLP on weighted dynamic graphs and propose a novel inductive dynamic embedding aggregation (IDEA) method, inspired by the high-resolution video prediction. IDEA combines conventional error minimization objectives with a scale difference minimization objective, which can generate <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">high-quality</i> weighted prediction snapshots, distinguishing differences among large, small, and zero weights in adjacency matrices. Since IDEA adopts an inductive dynamic embedding scheme with an attentive node aligning unit and adaptive embedding aggregation module, it can also tackle the TLP on weighted graphs even with non-fixed node sets. Experiments on datasets of various scenarios validate that IDEA can derive <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">high-quality</i> prediction results for weighted dynamic graphs and tackle the variation of node sets.

Sideband-resolved resonator electromechanics based on a nonlinear Josephson inductance probed on the single-photon level

Light-matter interaction in optomechanical systems is the foundation for ultra-sensitive detection schemes as well as the generation of phononic and photonic quantum states. Electromechanical systems realize this optomechanical interaction in the microwave regime. In this context, capacitive coupling arrangements demonstrated interaction rates of up to 280 Hz. Complementary, early proposals and experiments suggest that inductive coupling schemes are tunable and have the potential to reach the single-photon strong-coupling regime. Here, we follow the latter approach by integrating a partly suspended superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) into a microwave resonator. The mechanical displacement translates into a time varying flux in the SQUID loop, thereby providing an inductive electromechanical coupling. We demonstrate a sideband-resolved electromechanical system with a tunable vacuum coupling rate of up to 1.62 kHz, realizing sub-aN Hz−1/2 force sensitivities. The presented inductive coupling scheme shows the high potential of SQUID-based electromechanics for targeting the full wealth of the intrinsically nonlinear optomechanics Hamiltonian.

Design Methodology for Distributed Large-Scale ERSFQ Bias Networks

Rapid single-flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits have recently attracted considerable attention as a promising cryogenic beyond CMOS technology for exascale computing. Energy-efficient RSFQ (ERSFQ) is an energy-efficient, inductive bias scheme for RSFQ circuits, where the power dissipation is drastically lowered by eliminating the bias resistors, while the cell library remains unchanged. An ERSFQ bias scheme requires the introduction of multiple circuit elements—current limiting Josephson junctions, bias inductors, and feeding Josephson transmission lines (FJTLs). In this article, parameter guidelines and design techniques for ERSFQ circuits are presented. The proposed guidelines enable more robust circuits resistant to severe variations in supplied bias currents. Trends are considered, and advantageous tradeoffs are discussed for the different components within a bias network. The guidelines provide a means to decrease the size of an FJTL and, thereby, reduce the physical area, power dissipation, and overall bias currents, supporting further increases in circuit complexity. A distributed approach to ERSFQ FJTL is also presented to simplify placement and minimize the effects of the parasitic inductance of the bias lines. This methodology and related circuit techniques are applicable to automating the synthesis of bias networks to enable large-scale ERSFQ circuits.

A Robust Fully-Integrated Digital-Output Inductive CMOS-MEMS Accelerometer with Improved Inductor Quality Factor

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of an inductive complementary metal oxide semiconductor micro-electromechanical systems (CMOS-MEMS) accelerometer with on-chip digital output based on LC oscillators. While most MEMS accelerometers employ capacitive detection schemes, the proposed inductive detection scheme is less susceptible to the stress-induced structural curling and deformation that are commonly seen in CMOS-MEMS devices. Oscillator-based frequency readout does not need analog to digital conversion and thus can simplify the overall system design. In this paper, a high-Q CMOS inductor was connected in series with the low-Q MEMS sensing inductor to improve its quality factor. Measurement results showed the proposed device had an offset frequency of 85.5 MHz, sensitivity of 41.6 kHz/g, noise floor of 8.2 mg/√Hz, bias instability of 0.94 kHz (11 ppm) at an average time of 2.16 s, and nonlinearity of 1.5% full-scale.

Signal feedback applications in low-field NMR and MRI.

Tuned pick-up coils with high quality factors Q are used in NMR and MRI for high-sensitivity and low-noise detection. However, large Q-factors introduce bandwidth issues at low frequency and the associated enhanced currents may cause significant radiation damping effects, especially with hyperpolarised samples. Signal feedback can be used to actively control these currents and adjust the detection bandwidth without resistive losses. Capacitive and inductive coupling methods are compared using detailed models and the operating conditions for efficient feedback with negligible noise penalty are discussed. Several high-impedance commercial preamplifiers have been found to affect the resonance characteristics of tuned coils in a gain-dependent way, or could not be used in low-frequency NMR because of oscillations at large positive gain. This is attributed to an undocumented internal feedback, and could be neutralised using external feedback. The implementation of an inductive coupling scheme to feed a suitably amplified phase-adjusted signal back into the PU coils of low-field NMR systems is described, and three experimental applications are reported. One system is used for NMR studies of distant dipolar field effects in highly polarised liquid 3He without or with radiation damping. The moderate intrinsic Q-factor (≈7) could be reduced (down to 1) or increased (up to 100) to control transient maser oscillations. Another system was used for MRI of water samples around 2 mT with Q≈190 litz-wire detection coils. The detection bandwidth was increased by actively reducing the Q-factor to obtain uniform sensitivities in images and avoid artifacts introduced by intensity corrections. Finally, parallel acquisition in MRI was performed using two separately tuned detection coils placed above and below the sample. They were actively decoupled using two feedback systems. For an imaging field of view smaller than the sample, artifact-free unfolded images demonstrate the efficiency of this active coil decoupling scheme.

Fabrication Cost Analysis for Contactless 3-D ICs

The manufacturing cost of contactless 3-D circuits with inductive links is explored for the first time. The high-volume manufacturing (HVM) cost of contactless 3-D ICs is modeled by considering the on-chip inductor area and other important parameters, such as the coupling efficiency, which depend upon specific steps of the fabrication process. Inductive links based on current mode logic (CML) transceivers are simulated across a number of integration scenarios in a commercial 65-nm CMOS technology process, thereby evaluating the cost of these manufacturing options for performance and power objectives. Assuming a 10 Gb/s data rate, the power and area of the inductive link are determined for wafer-to-wafer and die-to-wafer integration and communication distances in the range of 5 $\mu \text{m}$ (face-to-face) to 120 $\mu \text{m}$ (face-to-back). An HVM cost estimation for each investigated inductive link scheme is provided for these integration approaches. Additional processing steps attributed to 3-D integration increase the aggregate cost by 2.5%–4.5% for a case study of a three-tier stack, compared to a conventional 2-D process. Moreover, the yield is explored for each integration approach considering the inductor area for contactless 3-D ICs.

Social contacts and networks of refugees in the arrival context - Manifestations in a large city and in selected small and medium-sized towns

The integration of refugees with prospects of remaining in the country has noticeably shifted into the focus of public attention and is presently being addressed in numerous research projects as well. Our contribution aims to address the significance, which the various contacts or networks, respectively, hold for the integration of the refugees. Issues of particular interest are how contacts to friends and families are maintained, what role these contacts play in the refugees' daily lives, how new social contacts are established in the arrival context, and which factors may ease or hinder the creation of new contacts. Based on the assumption that integration processes of migrants and refugees are influenced to a large extent by the prevailing local context, we investigated whether there are differences between a metropolitan situation (city of Cologne) and a small or medium-sized setting (district of Heinsberg) in the social contacts and networks of the refugees. In both distinct local contexts, which are located in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), we conducted qualitative interviews with 41 refugees in total. All interviews were recorded, subsequently transcribed and analysed using a largely inductive category scheme. Due to the exceptional situation of the flight and the assignment of a place of residence by the state, similarly escaped relatives and friends from the past usually live in other parts of Germany or even in other countries, and therefore cannot serve as a localised network to cushion the individual's arrival. Within the arrival context, contacts to other refugees who share the same or a similar background and language provide an important source of practical support and emotional backing. Bridging ties to members of the receiving society are most likely to be established through language courses and volunteer initiatives. Here, the openness and proactive attitude of the refugees prove to be an important factor. The metropolis offers abundant opportunities for new but fleeting social contacts. In the context of small and medium-sized towns, the greater manageability imbues the newly developing networks with greater stability.

Analyticity of resonances and eigenvalues and spectral properties of the massless Spin–Boson model

We extend the method of Pizzo multiscale analysis for resonances introduced in [5] in order to infer analytic properties of resonances and eigenvalues (and their eigenprojections) as well as estimates for the localization of the spectrum of dilated Hamiltonians and norm-bounds for the corresponding resolvent operators, in neighborhoods of resonances and eigenvalues. We apply our method to the massless Spin–Boson model assuming a slight infrared regularization. We prove that the resonance and the ground-state eigenvalue (and their eigenprojections) are analytic with respect to the dilation parameter and the coupling constant. Moreover, we prove that the spectrum of the dilated Spin–Boson Hamiltonian in the neighborhood of the resonance and the ground-state eigenvalue is localized in two cones in the complex plane with vertices at the location of the resonance and the ground-state eigenvalue, respectively. Additionally, we provide norm-estimates for the resolvent of the dilated Spin–Boson Hamiltonian near the resonance and the ground-state eigenvalue. The topic of analyticity of eigenvalues and resonances has let to several studies and advances in the past. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that it is addressed from the perspective of Pizzo multiscale analysis. Once the multiscale analysis is set up our method gives easy access to analyticity: Essentially, it amounts to proving it for isolated eigenvalues only and use that uniform limits of analytic functions are analytic. The type of spectral and resolvent estimates that we prove are needed to control the time evolution including the scattering regime. The latter will be demonstrated in a forthcoming publication. The introduced multiscale method to study spectral and resolvent estimates follows its own inductive scheme and is independent (and different) from the method we apply to construct resonances.

Time-Local Solvability of the Degond--Lucquin-Desreux--Morrow Model for Gas Discharge

The purpose of this paper is to investigate mathematically the fundamental mechanism of gas discharge. Townsend discovered that $\alpha$- and $\gamma$-mechanisms are essential for a gas ionization process. Morrow, Degond, and Lucquin-Desreux derived a mathematical model taking these two mechanisms into account. This model consists of nonlinear hyperbolic, parabolic, and elliptic partial differential equations. In this paper, we establish a framework for analyzing this model rigorously, because no mathematical result has been announced. More precisely, we show the unique existence of a time-local solution to an initial-boundary value problem over an unbounded domain. The main difficulty of this problem lies in the fact that the direction of boundary characteristics of a hyperbolic equation degenerates at infinite distance. Generally speaking, the regularity of solutions to linearized hyperbolic equations with degenerate boundary characteristics may be lost near the boundary. This implies the possibility that loss on the derivatives arises at each step of the inductive scheme to solve the nonlinear problem. We first use the weighted Sobolev spaces in the construction of solutions to make clear the direction of characteristics. Furthermore, we reduce the initial-boundary value problem for the hyperbolic equation to an initial value problem by applying several extension operators. This reduction enables us to avoid the loss on the derivatives.

Characterizing minimally flat symmetric hypergraphs

In Kaszanitzky and Schulze (2017) we gave necessary conditions for a symmetric d-picture (i.e., a symmetric realization of an incidence structure in Rd) to be minimally flat, that is, to be non-liftable to a polyhedral scene without having redundant constraints. These conditions imply very simply stated restrictions on the number of those structural components of the picture that are fixed by the elements of its symmetry group. In this paper we show that these conditions on the fixed structural components, together with the standard non-symmetric counts, are also sufficient for a plane picture which is generic with three-fold rotational symmetry C3 to be minimally flat. This combinatorial characterization of minimally flat C3-generic pictures is obtained via a new inductive construction scheme for symmetric sparse hypergraphs. We also give a sufficient condition for sharpness of pictures with C3 symmetry.

Kontribusi Arkeologi Dalam Penanganan Sengketa Tanah: Kasus Pada Masyarakat Pollung

Archaeology, as a science, has to be able to provide welfare to the communities, which includes not only material things but also knowledge and explanation regarding problems among the communities in cultural context. In relation to a land dispute between the traditional community of Pollung and Toba Pulp Lestari Ltd. Co., regarding the Pollung’s village and traditional land, archaeology can be used to answer whether or not there were once settlement activities in the disputed piece of an area. The methods used in relation to the purpose are excavation, interviews, and library research (bibliographical research). The entire data was studied using inductive scheme of thought in descriptive qualitative format. The resulted archaeological data can prove that there were activities in the past as well as the period (date) when the activities were carried out, while anthropological data will support the knowledge about the functions and systems of land ownership among the Batak community at Pollung, Humbang Hasundutan, in North Sumatra.

Causal Inference via Algebraic Geometry: Feasibility Tests for Functional Causal Structures with Two Binary Observed Variables

AbstractWe provide a scheme for inferring causal relations from uncontrolled statistical data based on tools from computational algebraic geometry, in particular, the computation of Groebner bases. We focus on causal structures containing just two observed variables, each of which is binary. We consider the consequences of imposing different restrictions on the number and cardinality of latent variables and of assuming different functional dependences of the observed variables on the latent ones (in particular, the noise need not be additive). We provide an inductive scheme for classifying functional causal structures into distinct observational equivalence classes. For each observational equivalence class, we provide a procedure for deriving constraints on the joint distribution that are necessary and sufficient conditions for it to arise from a model in that class. We also demonstrate how this sort of approach provides a means of determining which causal parameters are identifiable and how to solve for these. Prospects for expanding the scope of our scheme, in particular to the problem of quantum causal inference, are also discussed.

Number of superclasses of four-qubit entangled states under the inductive entanglement classification

Lamata et al. use an inductive approach to classify the entangled pure states of four qubits under stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) [PRA 75(2), 022318 (2007)]. The inductive method yields a priori ten different entanglement superclasses, of which they discard three as empty. One of the remaining superclasses is split in two, resulting in eight superclasses of genuine four-qubit entanglement. Here, we show that two of the three discarded superclasses are in fact non-empty and should have been retained. We give explicit expressions for the canonical states for those superclasses, up to SLOCC and qubit permutations. Furthermore, we confirm that the third discarded superclass is indeed empty, yielding a total of ten superclasses of genuine four-qubit entanglement under the inductive classification scheme.

Decoding Rauzy Induction: An Answer to Bufetov's General Question

Given a typical interval exchange transformation, we may naturally associate to it an infinite sequence of matrices through Rauzy induction. These matrices encode visitations of the induced interval exchange transformations within the original. In 2010, W. A. Veech showed that these matrices suffice to recover the original interval exchange transformation, unique up to topological conjugacy, answering a question of A. Bufetov. In this work, we show that interval exchange transformation may be recovered and is unique modulo conjugacy when we instead only know consecutive products of these matrices. This answers another question of A. Bufetov. We also extend this result to any inductive scheme that produces square visitation matrices.

Large deviation type estimates for iterates of linear cocycles

We describe some methods used to derive large deviation type (LDT) estimates for quantities associated to random and quasi-periodic linear cocycles. We then explain how such LDT estimates can be used in an inductive scheme to prove continuity properties of the Lyapunov exponents as functions of the cocycle. This is a survey of recent work to appear in a research monograph.