Inductive Energy Storage Pulsed Power Research Articles

Compact inductive energy storage pulse power system

An inductive energy storage pulse power system is being developed in BARC, India. Simple, compact, and robust opening switches, capable of generating hundreds of kV, are key elements in the development of inductive energy storage pulsed power sources. It employs an inductive energy storage and opening switch power conditioning techniques with high energy density capacitors as the primary energy store. The energy stored in the capacitor bank is transferred to an air cored storage inductor in 5.5 μs through wire fuses. By optimizing the exploding wire parameters, a compact, robust, high voltage pulse power system, capable of generating reproducibly 240 kV, is developed. This paper presents the full details of the system along with the experimental data.

新型电感储能脉冲功率驱动源

新型电感储能脉冲功率驱动源

Energy Efficiency of Corona Discharge Reactor Driven by Inductive Energy Storage System Pulsed Power Generator

Characteristics of a pulse corona reactor driven by an inductive energy storage (IES) pulsed power generator are described in this paper with focusing on the influence of streamer-to-glow transition on NO removal efficiency. A pulsed high voltage with a short rise time of under 30 ns is employed to generate streamer discharges homogeneously in whole the discharge region. Fast recovery diodes are used as semiconductor opening switch (SOS) to shorten the rise time. The various resistors are employed as dummy load to clarify a suitable circuit parameter such as the capacitance of a primary energy storage capacitor and/or the inductance of a secondary energy storage inductor. The energy transfer efficiency of the pulsed power generator has a maximum value of 50% at 714 Omega dummy load resistance. A co-axial cylinder type discharge chamber was used as the corona discharge plasma reactor driven by the IES pulsed power generator. The pulsed power generator supplies 30 kV pulse with 300 pps repetition rate. The co-axial cylinder plasma reactor consists of 1 mm diameter tungsten wire and 19 mm i.d. copper tube with 30 cm length. NO removal from the simulated diesel engine exhaust gas (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> =9:1, Initial NO concentration=200 ppm) increased with input energy into the reactor. The energy efficiency for NO removal was obtained to be 25 g/kWh at 30 % removal in gas flow rate of 2 L/min. However, the energy efficiency decreased to 5 g/kWh with increasing capacitance of the primary capacitor from several hundreds pF to several nF. This decrease was caused by a streamer-to-glow transition. The efficiency was affected by oxygen concentration in the gas mixture.

Production of an Atmospheric‐Pressure Glow Discharge Using an Inductive Energy Storage Pulsed Power Generator

AbstractSummary: An atmospheric‐pressure glow discharge has been generated using an inductive energy storage pulsed power generator. A pulsed high voltage with a short rise time of under 30 ns is employed to generate streamer discharges simultaneously at all tips of a needle‐array electrode in nitrogen. The large number of streamer discharges prevent glow‐to‐arc transitions caused by inhomogeneous thermalization. SOS diodes are used as an opening switch to shorten the rise time. Circuit parameters such as the capacitance of a primary energy storage capacitor and/or the inductance of a secondary energy storage inductor are determined by experimental results using dummy resistive loads. The results show that circuit parameters adequate for producing atmospheric glow discharges are different from those for producing corona discharges. The energy transfer efficiency of the pulsed power generator has a maximum value of 75% at 193 Ω dummy load resistance. Voltage‐current characteristics of the glow discharge show two regions: constant voltage (normal glow) and an increasing voltage with discharge current (abnormal glow). The glow current is drastically decreased by eliminating the SOS diodes, in which case the charging voltage is directly applied to the electrode. Spatial‐ and time‐averaged electron densities in a positive column are estimated from calculations based on nitrogen swarm data. The electron density is estimated to be 1.8 × 1011 cm−3, which is much larger than 9.7 × 109 cm−3 in the case without the SOS diodes.Photographs of atmospheric pressure nitrogen glow discharge generated using a needle‐array electrode at a 1.0 cm gap length.imagePhotographs of atmospheric pressure nitrogen glow discharge generated using a needle‐array electrode at a 1.0 cm gap length.

High-Current Pulsed Power Generator ASO-X Using Inductive Voltage Adder and Inductive Energy Storage System

A novel pulsed power generator using inductive voltage adder technology has been put into operation in Kumamoto University. This machine, named “ASO-X”, is an inductive voltage adder-inductive energy storage pulsed power system. The maximum output voltage and current of ASO-X are 180 kV and 400 kA, respectively, into a short circuit load with a current quarter period of 1.3 µs. In order to increase the voltage and power and to decrease the rise time of the load current, a plasma opening switch is used at the output of ASO-X. Eight plasma guns serve as the plasma source for the opening switch in a circuit with a single triggered spark-gap switch. This system provides a very fast current rise rate (3.6×1012 A/s) and over 1 µs of conduction time of the plasma opening switch.

Gas-Puff Z-Pinch Plasmas Driven by Inductive Energy Storage Pulsed Power Generator

An inductive energy storage pulsed power generator is used as a power source of gas-puff z-pinch plasmas to investigate the effect of the steepened current rise on the intensity of soft X-rays and the spatial reproducibility of the hot spots. Furthermore, two kinds of electrodes, which are solid and mesh type, are used to investigate the influence of the incident gas distribution on the z-pinch plasmas. In the case of the solid electrode, the axial symmetry of the plasma column during pinching and the spatial reproducibility of the hot spots is improved not only by the steepened current rise but also the induced pulsed voltage. On the other hand, the improvement in the plasma column and the reproducibility due to the inductive pulsed power generator is unclear in the case of mesh electrode. In this experiment, the uniform gas distribution has priority over the current rise time and the induced pulsed voltage.

誘導型パルスパワー電源を用いたNO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;除去

The discharge using pulse power with a short pulse width can produce a lot of electrons with high energy. This method has a possibility to remove poisonous gases with low energy consumption. In this paper, the inductive energy storage pulsed power generator, which can generate narrow and high voltage pulses (FWHM less than 100ns, output voltage of about 100kV), is used to remove NOx gas. It is found from spectrum measurement that this generator can produce high energy electrons, more than 10eV, in the discharge region at atmospherics pressure. The mixed gases of NO and N2 are used as a trial gas. The NO removal ratio of about 95% is achieved without producing NO2. These chemical phenomena are approximately explained by solving rate equations.

500 Hz picosecond inductive energy storage pulsed power system using a high Tc superconductor opening switch

A high Tc superconductor opening switch controlled inductive energy storage pulsed power system (IESPPS) has been demonstrated. A 500 Hz pulse train of jitter-free 75-318 ps electrical pulses was produced. We also show that the IESPPS produces a pulse compression ratio of 6-10. Compared with previous results, we have reduced the pulse width by a factor of ten and increased the repetition rate by a factor of 500 while reducing the laser trigger energy from 1 mJ/pulse to 20 μJ/pulse.

Electrical pulse compression using photoconductive zinc selenide opening switches

Electrical pulse compression and power gain were observed in an inductive energy storage pulsed power circuit with a photoconductive polycrystalline ZnSe opening switch. The ZnSe opening switch was optically activated by a specially tailored laser pulse operated at the blue-green region. A maximum voltage gain of 8 and a power gain of 64 was obtained with a 509 V DC bias voltage. We observed in the ZnSe opening switch a recoverable breakdown behavior similar to lock-on in GaAs. A peak output voltage of 8.9 kV was obtained from a 1 mm thick switch with 5 kV DC bias. >

Picosecond superconductor opening switches

Picosecond opening switches using high-T/sub c/ superconductor devices made of TlPbSrCaCuO, TlBaCaCuO, and YBCO films have been successfully demonstrated. The switches were controlled by picosecond laser pulses. A switching risetime of 78 picoseconds and a switching efficiency of 80% have been achieved. The switches were used in an inductive energy storage pulsed power system. Nanosecond electrical pulses with a peak power gain of 22 were obtained. >

Nanosecond inductive energy storage pulsed power system using YBCO superconductor opening switches

An inductive energy storage pulsed power system (IESPPS) using high T/sub c/ superconductor (HTS) opening switches, made of YBCO films, was successfully demonstrated. Nanosecond electrical pulses with a pulse compression ratio of 10 and a power gain of more than 40 were produced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Plasma erosion opening switch using laser-produced plasma

In order to construct a practical inductive energy storage pulsed power generator, an opening switch which can repeatedly conduct a large current and then rapidly interrupt this current is necessary. Though the plasma erosion opening switch (PEOS) can interrupt a large current rapidly, the effective number of switch operations is limited because of the decrease of the carbon sprayed on the insulator with each shot. A PEOS using a laser-produced plasma, which can possibly be operated for hundreds of thousands of shots without maintenance, is proposed, and its operation as an opening switch is confirmed experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Observation of power gain in an inductive energy pulsed power system with an optically controlled semiconductor opening switch

Power gain has been observed, for the first time, in an inductive energy storage pulsed power system with an optically controlled semiconductor opening switch. A specially tailored 1.054 μm pulse from a Nd:glass laser was utilized to activate a GaAs switch of the p-i-n diode configuration, producing an output pulse with a power gain of more than 10.