Inductive Coupling Research Articles

Atomic layer etching in HBr/He/Ar/O2 plasmas

Atomic layer etching of Si is reported in a radio frequency (RF) pulsed-power inductively coupled (ICP) plasma, with periodic injections of HBr into a continuous He/Ar carrier gas flow, sometimes with trace added O2. Several pulsing schemes were investigated, with HBr injection simultaneous with or alternating with ICP power. The product removal step was induced by applying RF power to the substrate, in sync with ICP power. Etching and dosing were monitored with optical emission spectroscopy. Little or no chemically enhanced ion-assisted etching was observed unless there was some overlap between HBr in the chamber and ICP power. This indicates that HBr dissociative chemisorption deposits much less Br on Si, compared with that from Br created by dissociation of HBr in the ICP. Chemically assisted etching rates nearly saturate at 2.0 nm/cycle as a function of increasing HBr-containing ICP dose at −75 VDC substrate self-bias. The coupled effects of O2 addition and substrate self-bias DC voltage on the etching rate were also explored. Etching slowed or stopped with increasing O2 addition. As bias power was increased, more O2 could be added before etching stopped.

DYNAMIC WIRELESS POWER ALLOCATION FOR SELF SUSTAINABLE SUBSTATIONS

Wireless charging is considered one of the best and easiest methods to charge EV’s anywhere, even during the driving of cars. Employing resonant inductive coupling and smart charging pads, this system facilitates wireless charging without physical connections, ensuring seamless, efficient, and convenient charging experiences for EV users. The cloud connectivity feature ensures seamless data exchange with cloud platforms, enabling data storage, analysis, and remote monitoring. A user-friendly mobile app empowers users to monitor and control the charging process. Keywords: Electric Vehicle, wireless, Charging pads.

Tunable Inductive Coupler for High-Fidelity Gates Between Fluxonium Qubits

The fluxonium qubit is a promising candidate for quantum computation due to its long coherence times and large anharmonicity. We present a tunable coupler that realizes strong inductive coupling between two heavy-fluxonium qubits, each with approximately 50-MHz frequencies and approximately 5-GHz anharmonicities. The coupler enables the qubits to have a large tuning range of XX coupling strengths (−35 to 75 MHz). The ZZ coupling strength is <3 kHz across the entire coupler bias range and <100 Hz at the coupler off position. These qualities lead to fast high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates. By driving at the difference frequency of the two qubits, we realize a iSWAP gate in 258 ns with fidelity 99.72%, and by driving at the sum frequency of the two qubits, we achieve a bSWAP gate in 102 ns with fidelity 99.91%. This latter gate is only five qubit Larmor periods in length. We run cross-entropy benchmarking for over 20 consecutive hours and measure stable gate fidelities, with bSWAP drift (2σ) <0.02% and iSWAP drift <0.08%. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The Influence of the Design of Antenna and Chip Coupling Circuits on the Performance of Textronic RFID UHF Transponders

The objectives of this study were to design, investigate, and compare different designs of coupling circuits for textronic RFID transponders, particularly focusing on magnetic coupling between an antenna and a chip. The configuration of the inductively coupled antenna module and the microelectronic module housing the chip can be varied in several ways. This article explores various geometries of coupling circuits and assesses the effects of altering their dimensions on mutual inductance, chip voltage, and the transponder’s read range. The investigation comprised an analytical description of inductive coupling, calculations of mutual inductance and chip voltage based on simulation models of transponders, and laboratory measurements of the read range for selected configurations. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that various designs of textile transponders are capable of achieving satisfactory read ranges, with some configurations extending beyond 10 m. This significant range provides clothing designers with the flexibility to select transponder designs that best meet their specific aesthetic and functional requirements.

Synchronous Dual-Switch Ultrahigh Step-Up DC–DC Converter Based on Coupled Inductor and Voltage Multiplier for Photovoltaic Systems

In this article, an ultrahigh step-up quadratic boost converter is proposed for photovoltaic systems. By integrating with a coupled inductor and a voltage multiplier, the voltage gain can be improved significantly without high turns ratio and the voltage stress across the power switches are alleviated. Thus, low on-resistance of the power switches are available to enhance efficiency. Common ground structure of quadratic boost and synchronous operation of the two switches facilitate the control. Also, the continuous input current promotes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Detailed description of the operation principles and steady-state analysis of this converter in CCM and DCM are presented. A 250W rated laboratory prototype is fabricated and verified, demonstrating a maximum efficiency of 96.5%. Moreover, the dynamic response is tested to prove the stability of the proposed converter. Finally, a simulation is built to evaluate the feasibility of MPPT function.

A Compact 24.5–32.6 GHz CMOS Frequency Doubler Based on Coupled Inductor

A Compact 24.5–32.6 GHz CMOS Frequency Doubler Based on Coupled Inductor

A robust parity‐time‐symmetric hybrid wireless power transfer system with extended coupling range

SummaryInductive power transmission (IPT) and capacitive power transmission (CPT) are currently the two main wireless power transfer technologies. Hybrid power transmission (HPT) systems that combine IPT and CPT can improve transmission performance and are more attractive for some charging applications such as electric bicycles (e‐bikes). However, HPT systems are more sensitive to parameter variations, and the coupling mechanism is prone to misalignment during wireless charging. Therefore, achieving stable output power and constant transfer efficiency over a wide range of coupling coefficient variations is still a major challenge for HPT systems. In this work, the parity–time (PT) symmetry theory is applied to an SS‐type HPT system, and a circuit model of the PT‐based HPT system is developed by using coupling capacitance and coupling inductance. The effect of connecting the plates to the homonymous end or heteronymous end of the coupling coils on the PT symmetry range of the HPT system is discussed. It is found that the heteronymous end connection of the coils can effectively increase the range of constant output power and stable transfer efficiency. Finally, a prototype is built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed PT‐based HPT system. The transfer power and efficiency remain constant in the PT‐symmetric range, and the inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients are smaller compared to IPT and CPT systems with the same parameters.

High-Performance 3-D Silicon-Embedded Coupled Solenoid Inductors With Inserted Magnetic Core

High-Performance 3-D Silicon-Embedded Coupled Solenoid Inductors With Inserted Magnetic Core

Various MPPT Modes and Dynamic Performance of Coupled Inductor Bipolar Multi-Output Converter With no Right Half Plane Zero

Various MPPT Modes and Dynamic Performance of Coupled Inductor Bipolar Multi-Output Converter With no Right Half Plane Zero

An efficient wireless power transfer system planar turn based for implantable medical devices applications

A wireless power transfer system based on inductive coupling for powering implantable medical devices of diverse application is proposed. The system is composed of two resonators based with circular spiral printed on a dielectric substrate. With operation corresponding to the frequency range of medical applications in implants of 403 MHz, and an RF power transfer efficiency (PTE) greater than 50.0 % is obtained with a total reach of 8.0 mm into living tissue. Numerical studies and analyses are carried out in order to investigate the influence of tissues on the frequency response and efficiency of the presented resonators. Through simulations it is possible to establish the maximum input power limit of 120.0 mW of the model to comply with the safety limits of the specific absorption rate (SAR) below 2.0 W/kg. In general, the simulated and measured results demonstrate a good level of agreement. Comparative analyses and conclusions are presented and discussed.

Modeling and analysis of magnetic resonance wireless transmission coil

Wireless transmission technology is a new type of power transmission technology with electric and magnetic fields as the medium. It has more advantages in transmission direction, transmission characteristics, security, and penetration. The model of a magnetically coupled resonant radio energy transmission system is designed. The main parameters such as resonance frequency and mutual inductance are considered comprehensively. The model is designed using the equivalent topological circuit structure of mutual inductance coupling. The equivalent parameters in the circuit topology can be affected by setting the size of the coil, the distance between the coils, the excitation size, and the high frequency. The structure parameters of the whole system are modeled and calculated by the Ansoft Maxwell software. At the same time, the influence on the power and efficiency of wireless power transmission is explored by several factors such as the coil diameter, the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, and the resonance frequency of the system, so as to achieve the purpose of verifying the technical characteristics of wireless power transmission. The key factors that may affect the transmission efficiency and power of the system are analyzed in detail by deriving the calculation model of transmission efficiency and power.

A Study of High Gain DC-DC Boost Converters for Renewable Energy Sources

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the various topologies of DC-DC boost converters which are designed for optimal integration with RES like photovoltaic (PV) systems. Photovoltaic applications demand efficient energy harvesting and management to maximize the conversion of solar energy into electrical power. The DC-DC topologies include switched coupled inductor, basic coupled inductor, coupled capacitor with coupled inductor with a snubber circuit, active clamp, high step-up and three-winding dual switches are considered for study. Each topology is analyzed in terms of its suitability for PV applications, considering factors such as efficiency, voltage gain, and reliability. The basic coupled inductor topology is explored as a reference point, providing a foundation for understanding the subsequent advanced configurations. This work explores and compares several prominent boost converter configurations, incorporating advanced techniques to enhance overall performance and efficiency for RES applications.

Tackling capacitive coupling in broad-band spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) measurements by selecting electrode configurations

SUMMARY Electromagnetic (EM) coupling effects including both inductive and capacitive coupling have long been an essential problem in broad-band spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) measurements at the field scale. Efforts have been made to remove EM coupling numerically or to suppress the effects by modified data acquisition strategies. For near-surface applications with relatively small survey layouts, inductive coupling can be well removed in the mHz to kHz frequency range. With the use of shielded coaxial cables and so-called active electrodes where the amplifiers are mounted at the electrodes, capacitive coupling in sEIT measurements can also be reduced. However, it remains challenging to cope with capacitive coupling between the cable shield and the ground, especially in resistive field conditions. The aim of this study is to deal with this type of capacitive coupling effect by identifying and filtering out sEIT measurements that are strongly affected by capacitive coupling. Based on a correction method for capacitive coupling proposed in a previous study, an approach to estimate measurement errors due to capacitive coupling is presented first. In the second step, a workflow was proposed to calculate the capacitive coupling strength (CCS) for each electrode configuration, which is defined as the ratio of the imaginary part of the impedance induced by capacitive coupling and the imaginary part of the impedance due to the subsurface electrical conductivity. In the final step, measurements with low CCS were selected for inversion and the results were compared with inversion results obtained using the previously developed correction approach. It was found that the filtering method based on CCS is more capable in tackling capacitive coupling compared to using model-based corrections. Spectrally consistent sEIT results up to kHz were obtained using the newly developed filtering method, which were not achieved in previous work using model-based correction.

IOT Based Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Station System

The automotive industry is quickly transitioning from IC engine vehicles to electric vehicles as we enter a new era of automobiles. The growing demand for electric vehicles is also driving up the number of charging stations. In this idea, the automobile is charged wirelessly through inductive coupling using a wireless charging system. All we have to do is pull the automobile into the charging station. Wireless Power Transmission is the process of sending electrical energy from a source to a load over a distance without the need of cables or other conducting wires. This project can open up new possibilities of wireless charging that can use in our daily lives. Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic resonance is the technology which could set human free from the annoying wires. This system can be used to charge the battery of Electric Vehicle Key Words: Wireless, Power, Transmission, Charging Station, Magnetic Resonance.

A high step-up soft-single switched converter with three coupling inductors

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new high voltage gain converter, which bases on the incorporation of the voltage multiplier cell and the switched coupled inductor technique, having low voltage stress on the switch, which is far from the output voltage. The presented topology is well suited for high step-up applications. By integrating coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cell techniques, a high step-up voltage gain is achieved. All of the semiconductor devices are switched under soft switching conditions, which reduces the switching losses significantly. The switch turns on at ZCS and turns off at ZVS. All diodes have soft-switching features and their reverse recovery problem is obviated due to the leakage inductance. The operation principles and theoretical analysis of proposed converter are presented in details. At the end, the experimental results have been taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 100 W, input voltage of 24 V, output voltage of 300 V, and switching frequency of 100 kHz.

Wireless Power Transfer: A simulation-focused exploration

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is leading a technological revolution, redefining how we transmit electrical energy without the usage of cables or connectors. This exploration peeks into various WPT systems, each offering unique benefits and applications. From magnetic inductive coupling for nearby charging to resonant inductive coupling for power transfer across longer distances, and from capacitive coupling for low-power needs to magnetic resonance coupling for mid-range transmission, this paper presents an introduction to the world of WPT. Through simulations in MATLAB and Simulink, we gain insights into various applications like consumer electronics, healthcare, automotive, and more. Looking ahead, we foresee a future where WPT uses sustainable energy practices and creates entirely wireless environments.

Lightning current Risetime influence on inductive coupling effect of secondary shield cable in substation

Secondary cables are susceptible to lightning surge currents when substation is struck by lightning. Little work has been made to the effects of surge currents in substation secondary cables, particularly the effects of surge current rise time. Six types of simulated lightning surge currents with different rise times, ranging from 5.7 μs to 25.4 μs, were injected into the substation grounding grid, and the inductive voltage from core wire to ground and the shield current in the closed loop of the buried secondary cable were measured simultaneously. The inductive coupling characteristics and the effect of rise time on shielding factor (SF) of buried secondary cables were investigated using time-frequency domain method. The results indicate that the surge current with shorter rise time will induce higher core-wire voltage and higher the shield current on the secondary cable. Double-end grounding of the shielding layer can significantly reduce the cable coupling response, especially reduce the high-frequency component of the inductive voltage at 10 to 100 kHz with steeper surge currents. The SF of secondary cable increases exponentially from 1.91 dB to 8.15 dB as the rise time of the lightning surge current decreases.

Wireless Solar Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

The automotive industry is quickly transitioning from IC engine vehicles to electric vehicles as we enter a new era of automobiles. The growing demand for electric vehicles is also driving up the number of charging stations. In this idea, the automobile is charged wirelessly through inductive coupling using a wireless charging system. All we have to do is pull the automobile into the charging station. Wireless Power Transmission is the process of sending electrical energy from a source to a load over a distance without the need of cables or other conducting wires. Nikola Tesla’s greatest invention was the idea of wireless power transfer. There is no need for human contact with this technology. One technology that may be a step towards the future is wireless power transmission. With the help of this project, wireless charging may become more practical for everyday usage. Magnetic resonance-based wireless power transfer (WPT) is a technology that has the potential to free people from obtrusive wires. Actually, the WPT uses the same fundamental theory known as inductive power transfer that has been studied for at least thirty years. WPT technology has advanced quickly in the last many years. With a load efficiency above 90%, the power transfer distance grows from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters at the mill watts to kilowatts power level. Electric vehicle (EV) charging applications find the WPT highly appealing due to its advancements, as it can be used in both stationary and dynamic charging settings. The WPT technologies that are relevant to EV wireless charging are represented in this presentation. The challenges of charging time, range, and cost can be readily reduced by implementing WPT in EVs. With the widespread adoption of EVs, battery technology is no longer significant. It is believed that the cutting-edge accomplishments would inspire researchers to further both the spread of EV and the continued development of WPT.

A Bidirectional DC Circuit Breaker Based on the Coupled Inductor for HVDC Applications

A Bidirectional DC Circuit Breaker Based on the Coupled Inductor for HVDC Applications

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF POWER SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENTS USED IN FLYBACK CONVERTERS

Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) have become very popular lately due to their superior efficiency and compact dimensions as compared to conventional counterparts which contain low-frequency transformers. This efficiency and miniaturization are connected to several factors, including high operating frequencies typically in the kHz to MHz range, the utilization of ferromagnetic materials for inductive coupling, and the incorporation of active switching components to mitigate energy loss via the Joule-Lenz effect. Enhancing SMPS efficiency implies active circuit elements (diodes, transistors, etc.) sizing and arrangements. This paper presents a practical approach by addressing a series of experiments to analyze and compare the performance of different active components. It starts with the analysis of the PWM generator module from the primary and continues with the field-effect transistors and rectifier diodes in the secondary. The asynchronous flyback topology has been chosen to carry out the experiments. By using the same experimental platform, based on the obtained results, the analysis of behavioral differences between the different components has been performed.