Inductive Categorization Research Articles

Estrategias metacognitivas y recursos tecnológicos utilizados por estudiantes universitarios de español como segunda lengua

En este trabajo se han identificado las estrategias metacognitivas y los recursos tecnológicos que implementan estudiantes universitarios del español como segunda lengua (L2) cuando tienen que elaborar un trabajo de escritura académica (Research Project). Desde perspectivas sociocognitivas y socioculturales, se ha explorado la representación explícita del proceso de composición escrita en una situación habitual de aula. Se ha utilizado un autoinforme on-line anónimo, con preguntas abiertas relacionadas con el proceso de escritura y con los recursos tecnológicos empleados. La información proporcionada por los estudiantes se ha completado con el contexto instruccional en el que se ha desarrollado la tarea. Se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo de las respuestas y una categorización inductiva del tipo de estrategias metacognitivas y recursos tecnológicos descritos por los estudiantes. Los resultados han mostrado que la mayor parte de los estudiantes conocen y utilizan estrategias de planificación, textualización y revisión, así como una serie de recursos tecnológicos de apoyo en su proceso de escritura académica. Sin embargo, no manifiestan conocer y manejar algunos elementos contextuales básicos. Las implicaciones educativas derivadas de este trabajo se centran en la auto-reflexión de los estudiantes a través de la escritura académica, unida al andamiaje docente.

Is Liberal Education Valuable? Undergraduate Students Raise their Opinions

This exploratory qualitative study focused on the free responses that undergraduate students gave to the question: Should have learned something valuable in this course, what was it?”. This open question is part of a survey that is intended to obtain the views of the students on courses of humanistic character in as part of their college education. Knowing what the students think has been a constant concern to the Iberoamerican University in Mexico City, which academic plans include four humanistic courses for all careers. The courses’ purpose is to contribute to the integral/liberal education of students. There were collected 4625 valid student responses during the spring and autumn periods 2010 and spring 2011, covering the entire population given at that time. For the data analysis it was used a mixed approach, in which qualitative methodology of inductive categorization was supplemented with a statistical analysis of the data. Regarding the qualitative analysis, which was the most important approach, there were inductively discovered eight categories of valuable humanistic learning, namely: 1. Appreciating and respecting cultural diversity. 2. Reflecting on oneself and the sense of life. 3. Increasing knowledge. 4. Bonding with different disciplines 5. Discovering new ways of living with others. 6. Acquiring an ethical perspective. 7. Discovering a sense of social responsibility 8. Improving critical thinking

HR Professionals Technology Proponent Competency: A Review

Technological advancements of the 21st century have transformed the approach of how HR professionals reasonand execute their responsibilities, which has made the HR technology proponent competency a critical factor fororganizational performance. This paper therefore tries to examine and bring to the fore, the relevance and inputof the technology proponent competency of HR professional, and how HR professionals utilize the knowledge ofthis competency in today’s global market of severe competition. The methodology employed in this study is theprinciples of inductive categorization, which ensured a systematic content analysis of selected relevant literaturefrom previous studies as retrieved from online databases. Findings from the review of extant literature in the areaof review show that the acquisition of certain basic technological competencies have influenced and enhancedHR work output, which has made HR professionals more efficient in the delivery of HR administrative functionslike payroll processing, benefits, healthcare costs, and other administrative services.

Quality of life as perceived by older persons with chronic illness in rural and urban Shandong, China.

This qualitative study aimed to understand the meaning of quality of life to older persons with chronic illness in China, and to compare the perceptions of those living in rural and urban areas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 older Chinese, half residing in urban and half in rural areas in Shandong province. Through an inductive coding and categorization process, the study identified two shared domains of quality of life: basic necessities and family wellness. Two additional domains, physical health and mood and spirit, were endorsed predominantly by urban residents. Entertainment and leisure comprised a quality of life domain for urban residents only. Cohort experience and cultural values likely played a role in shared beliefs about quality of life, whereas socioeconomic context may account for differences in rural and urban conceptions. An implication of the findings is that for older Chinese with chronic illness, developing and sustaining programs to meet basic needs is critical to quality of life.

Qualitative Methodology in Education: A Multi-Case Study Focused on the Formative Mediation Area in Portugal and in France

Formative Mediation has arisen as a new and complex area in the field of Education and is questioning the traditional conceptions of curriculum, pedagogical relationship, conflict, citizenship and autonomy.The study we have developed is related to the emerging perspectives that are associated with the field of Education and Training of Adults, where we sought to understand what are the pedagogical dynamics, the professional profiles and the practices correlated with Formative Mediation in Courses of Adult Education and Training (AET Courses) and in the process of Recognition, Validation and Certification of Competences (RVCC) developed in Portugal and in the Validation des Acquis de l'Experience (VAE) undertaken in France.To accomplish this investigation, we used a predominantly qualitative and emerging design, where inductive analysis prevailed throughout the investigative process. In this sense, we carried out a multi-case study (three cases in Portugal and three cases in France) with nine participants in the investigation: two ETA Mediators, a Diagnosis and Referral Specialist (DRS), three Recognition and Validation of Competences Professionals (RVCPs) and three Professionals working in the VAE process. Autobiographical narratives, participant observations and semi-directive interviews were the techniques used and the data obtained was processed using the emerging and inductive categorisation. In this text, we intend to present the steps and processes used in the data analysis, characterise them and discuss some of the results achieved, while seeking to reflect on the advantages and potentialities of the use of qualitative research methods in the Educational field. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p210

ADVANCE CARE PLANNING IN PAEDIATRICS: THE CARE PROVIDERS' PERSPECTIVE

BackgroundResearch on advance care planning (ACP) has focused on adults, but ACP is also being practiced in pediatrics (pACP). Health care providers may have to deal with unknown diagnoses and...

The emigration of physicians in Venezuela

Ascertain the factors that could affect the intention of Venezuelan health professionals to emigrate to other countries. Exploratory study that applied a semistructured interview and survey, respectively, to a population consisting of four health professionals and 36 medical students. The interview data were analyzed by deductive and inductive categorization and the survey data by means of univariate and bivariate analysis. It was observed that 13.8% of the students generally intended to emigrate, with differences between the two study groups. It was found that work-related issues had a high motivating effect (16.6%), particularly the possibility of balancing work with personal life, better pay, access to continuing education, working in a better health system, and having the basic resources necessary for professional practice. It was determined that professional reasons had a moderate motivating effect (13.8%), whereas personal and contextual reasons had little influence (less than 3%). Although the interviews of physicians who had obtained their medical degree revealed clashes involving political and economic interests, only 5.5% of the students surveyed considered the political or economic situation a determinant in the emigration of professionals. It is recommended that the management and professional development of medical personnel be strengthened, reconciling their expectations with the legal framework and needs of the health system. A formal system for tracking the emigration of professionals and broadening the study of the causative factors at the national level should be set up, since better knowledge about the phenomena linked with emigration would help generate and support proposals to guarantee self-sufficiency with respect to human resources for health.

Technical cooperation for health between Colombia and bordering countries

Characterize the technical cooperation of Colombia with four bordering countries and determine the training needs of the binational technical groups (BTGs). Qualitative investigation based on document review and information provided by key actors in this field. To explore training needs, a survey of Colombia-Ecuador BTGs was conducted. Further information was obtained through discussion groups. Deductive and inductive categorization techniques were applied, as well as convergence using the triangulation method. Eighteen agreements/conventions and the documentation from 12 borderarea health cooperation projects were obtained. The majority of the projects involved multilateral cooperation. The two priority cooperation topics were the International Health Regulations and Millennium Development Goals 6 and 7. The BTGs considered training in management, health diplomacy, and capacity-building necessary for cooperation in border areas. The border areas exhibited complex intervention scenarios, where international law and foreign policy have defined cooperative actions. In determining the training for BTGs, the national and international regulatory framework and context of the border areas should be taken into account.

Trends in Mobile Computing within the IS Discipline: A Ten-Year Retrospective

We analyze mobile computing trends in research and practice between the years 2000–2009 with an inductive categorization of 806 articles in nineteen leading academic, crossover, and practitioner outlets. We integrate this categorization with previous research in mobile commerce and e-business in order to provide the most comprehensive categorization to date. Using this categorization, we next investigate trends in the discussion and research on mobile computing. From these trends, we develop a comprehensive framework that addresses both where mobile computing research has been over the past ten years, but also areas of opportunity for future research. Results indicate research is required in the areas of: (a) IT value stream proposition (both within and outside the firm), (b) human-computer interaction (designing usable mobile computing systems), (c) legal/ethical issues surrounding mobile computing-enabled activities, and (d) organizational/societal impact and change precipitated by mobile computing technologies.

AN INDUCTIVE TYPOLOGY FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.

We develop a middle-range theory of CSR by proposing an inductive categorization that seeks to distinguish a firm's CSR behaviors in terms of strategy and value congruence. We propose to treat the normative foundation on the one hand (value) and stakeholders and issues on the other hand (strategy) as two dimensions of CSR that are conceptually independent of each other. We suggest that the CSR engagement of a corporation can be either on value or off value, and that it can be either on strategy or off strategy. Cross-classifying two levels of each of these leads us to consider four CSR prototypes which we label -- Robber Baron, Robin Hood, Book Keeper, and Statesman. Those prototypes are shown to exhibit specific characteristics on a set of features. Our framework for categorization of CSR, analysis of featural qualities of each type, and suggested pathways for migration, opens up both construct validity aspects and comparative studies into CSR. Rather than simply developing inventories of CSR activities, and seeking correlations with financial performance measures, it is possible to turn attention to a broad range of independent (i.e., CSR preconditions) as well as dependent (i.e., CSR consequences) variables, and attempt meaningful comparisons to achieve relevant benchmarks. Furthermore, it serves to bridge the gap between CSR scholarship and practice which seem to have evolved in parallel universes.

Storming and Forming a Normative Response to a Deception Revealed Online

Reactions to an admitted charade of bogus self-presentation within an online community were examined over time for themes of support, condemnation, and interactivity. Evidence for the subjective group dynamics account of intragroup reactions to perceived deviance was observed in that support was modeled by a cubic function over time, whereas condemnation remained prominent. The community eventually expelled the deceptive member, supporting the black sheep effect. Natural groups, including those situated in cyberspace, may rely on inductive categorization when faced with ambiguous threats to group uniformity. The expected role of referent informational influence in determining normatively negative group reactions was challenged by evidence that support for the deception was initially more likely to be expressed by high-status members. In addition, low-status members expressed their condemnation with greater conviction, overall. Members may have been referring to different group prototypes in seeking validation for their feelings aboutambiguously deviant members.

At issue: siblings of patients with schizophrenia: sibling bond, coping patterns, and fear of possible schizophrenia heredity.

Siblings of schizophrenia patients are from the patient's perspective important support providers, but most studies on family burden have focused on the parental role. This study aims to develop a detailed analysis of the psychological aspects of having a sibling with schizophrenia. We did a qualitative study with audiotaped semistructured interviews of 16 siblings. The reliability of the inductive categorization of data was high. A unifying theme appeared to be an emotional sibling bond characterized by feelings of love, sorrow, anger, envy, guilt, and shame. The major categories linked to coping with the situation were avoidance, isolation, normalization, caregiving, and grieving. A third major theme consisted of a fear of possible schizophrenia heredity. The siblings described concerns about the impact of a family history of psychiatric illness, a fear of becoming mentally ill, and reflections about "bad genes." Our findings support earlier findings of coping patterns but complement them by providing a model that includes awareness of genetic vulnerability as an important part of siblings' subjective burden.

Harmonizing dilemmas. Siblings of children with DAMP and Asperger syndrome's experiences of coping with their life situations.

The aim of this qualitative study was to describe, from their own perspective and experiences, how siblings of children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) and Asperger syndrome cope with their life situations in their families. Fifteen adolescent females 12-18 years old, siblings of boys with DAMP (8 subjects) and Asperger syndrome (7 subjects), were interviewed. The method used in sampling and analysis of interview protocols was the constant comparative method for grounded theory. The inductive categorization of data produced two core concepts, one about the siblings' life situations in DAMP and Asperger syndrome ('dilemma of requirements and concerns') and one about the siblings' coping processes ('harmonizing'). Of the six categories identified, four were categories of the processes of coping ('gaining understanding', 'gaining independence', 'following a bonding responsibility' and 'balancing'). The qualitative differences between coping processes were related to the two categories of context to cope within the experienced dilemma 'requirements' and 'concerns'. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the siblings' life situations, and may be important for health personnel in encounter families and for identifying siblings with special needs. The findings may also aid in the development of preventive programs for siblings of children with DAMP and Asperger syndrome.

Accommodating Surprise in Taxonomic Tasks: The Role of Expertise

This paper reports a psychological study of human categorization that looked at the procedures used by expert scientists when dealing with puzzling items. Five professional botanists were asked to specify a category from a set of positive and negative instances. The target category in the study was defined by a feature that was unusual, hence situations of uncertainty and puzzlement were generated. Subjects were asked to think aloud while solving the tasks, and their verbal reports were analyzed. A number of problem solving strategies were identified, and subsequently integrated in a model of knowledge‐guided inductive categorization. Our model proposes that expert knowledge influences the subjects' reasoning in more complex ways than suggested by earlier investigations of scientific reasoning. As in previous studies, domain knowledge influenced our subjects' hypothesis generation and testing; but, additionally, it played a central role when subjects revised their hypotheses.

Accommodating surprise in taxonomic tasks: the role of expertise

This paper reports a psychological study of human categorization that looked at the procedures used by expert scientists when dealing with puzzling items. Five professional botanists were asked to specify a category from a set of positive and negative instances. The target category in the study was defined by a feature that was unusual, hence situations of uncertainty and puzzlement were generated. Subjects were asked to think aloud while solving the tasks, and their verbal reports were analyzed. A number of problem solving strategies were identified, and subsequently integrated in a model of knowledge-guided inductive categorization. Our model proposes that expert knowledge influences the subjects’ reasoning in more complex ways than suggested by earlier investigations of scientific reasoning. As in previous studies, domain knowledge influenced our subjects’ hypothesis generation and testing; but, additionally, it played a central role when subjects revised their hypotheses.

"WORD SORT”: A CATEGORIZATION STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING WORD RECOGNITION ABILITY

Describes an inductive categorization strategy for helping children develop word recognition ability. Using a third grade remedial reader as a case study, the diagnosis of a specific word recognition problem is made and defended. This is followed by a step‐by‐step description of a teaching procedure (word sort) that engages the child in actively analyzing, contrasting, and eventually internalizing the various base vowel patterns (CVC, CVCe, CVVC, etc.) in the English orthography. The article closes with some theoretical and interpretive comments that support the use of the word sort teaching strategy.