Induction System Research Articles

Advanced human iPSC-based preclinical model for Parkinson's disease with optogenetic alpha-synuclein aggregation.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer advantages for disease modeling and drug discovery. However, recreating innate cellular pathologies, particularly in late-onset neurodegenerative diseases with accumulated protein aggregates including Parkinson's disease (PD), has been challenging. To overcome this barrier, we developed an optogenetics-assisted α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation induction system (OASIS) that rapidly induces α-syn aggregates and toxicity in PD hiPSC-midbrain dopaminergic neurons and midbrain organoids. Our OASIS-based primary compound screening with SH-SY5Y cells identified 5 candidates that were secondarily validated with OASIS PD hiPSC-midbrain dopaminergic neurons and midbrain organoids, leading us to finally select BAG956. Furthermore, BAG956 significantly reverses characteristic PD phenotypes in α-syn preformed fibril models invitro and invivo by promoting autophagic clearance of pathological α-syn aggregates. Following the FDA Modernization Act 2.0's emphasis on alternative non-animal testing methods, our OASIS can serve as an animal-free preclinical test model (newly termed "nonclinical test") for the synucleinopathy drug development.

Development of toxin-antitoxin self-destructive bacteria, aimed for salmonella vaccination

The most common source of foodborne Salmonella infection in humans is poultry eggs and meat, such that prevention of human infection is mostly achieved by vaccination of farm animals. While inactivated and attenuated vaccines are available, both present drawbacks. This study aimed to develop a novel vaccination strategy, which combines the effectiveness of live-attenuated and safety of inactivated vaccines by construction of inducible self-destructing bacteria utilizing toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. Hok-Sok and CeaB-CeiB toxin-antitoxin systems were coupled with three induction systems aimed for activating cell killing upon lack of arabinose, anaerobic conditions or low concentration of metallic di-cations. The constructs were transformed into a pathogenic Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strain and bacteria elimination was evaluated in vitro under specific activating conditions and in vivo following administration to chickens. Four constructs induced bacterial killing under the specified conditions, both in growth media and within macrophages. Cloacal swabs of all chicks orally administered transformed bacteria had no detectable levels of bacteria within 9 days of inoculation. By day ten, no bacteria were identified in the spleen and liver of most birds. Antibody immune response was raised toward TA carrying Salmonella which resembled response toward the wildtype bacteria. The constructs described in this study led to self-destruction of virulent Salmonella enteritidis both in vitro and in inoculated animals within a period which is sufficient for the induction of a protective immune response. This system may serve as a safe and effective live vaccine platform against Salmonella as well as other pathogenic bacteria.

Analysis of Air Induction System Testing on the 2011 Daihatsu Xenia Type Xi

Analysis of this air induction system testing aims to analyze the air induction system on Daihatsu Xenia types XI in 2011. The research uses descriptive methods by testing and analyzing Daihatsu Xenia Type XI Mobils in 2011 using the EFI X 431 Pro and multitester scanner to obtain research data. The test results show that: 1. The sensor map is in good condition because the voltage produced ? 3.5 V - 4 V is: 3.7 V. 2. The sensor is in poor condition because the resistance produced is ? 2.21 k ohm - 2,69 K Ohm, namely: 1.74 KOHM. 3. ISC in poor condition because the resistance produced ? 45.6 ohms - 50.4 ohms is: 43.2 ohms. Testing using Scantool Obtained Results: 1. Map sensor has decreased at rpm 2000 of 2 kPa and has increased in rpm 3000 of 2 kPa. 2. IAT Sensors at 1000, 2000 and 3000 RPMs are stable at 480C. 3. ISC at rpm 1000, 2000, and 3000 stable at 6.99 %.

A hybrid soft material robotic end-effector for reversible in-space assembly of strut components.

Based on the NASA in-Space Assembled Telescope (iSAT) study (Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 2019, 51, 50) which details the design and requirements for a 20-m parabolic in-space telescope, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) has been developing structural and robotic solutions to address the needs of building larger in-space assets. One of the structural methods studied involves stackable and collapsible modular solutions to address launch vehicle volume constraints. This solution uses a packing method that stacks struts in a dixie-cup like manner and a chemical composite bonding technique that reduces weight of the structure, adds strength, and offers the ability to de-bond the components for structural modifications. We present in this paper work towards a soft material robot end-effector, capable of suppling the manipulability, pressure, and temperature requirements for the bonding/de-bonding of these conical structural components. This work is done to investigate the feasibility of a hybrid soft robotic end-effector actuated by Twisted and Coiled Artificial Muscles (TCAMs) for in-space assembly tasks. TCAMs are a class of actuator which have garnered significant recent research interest due to their allowance for high force to weight ratio when compared to other popular methods of actuation within the field of soft robotics, and a muscle-tendon actuation design using TCAMs leads to a compact and lightweight system with controllable and tunable behavior. In addition to the muscle-tendon design, this paper also details the early investigation of an induction system for adhesive bonding/de-bonding and the sensors used for benchtop design and testing. Additionally, we discuss the viability of Robotic Operating System 2 (ROS2) and Gazebo modeling environments for soft robotics as they pertain to larger simulation efforts at LaRC. We show real world test results against simulation results for a method which divides the soft, continuous material of the end-effector into discrete links connected by spring-like joints.

Results of a Study of Electromagnetic Forces and Heat Release Power in Induction Systems with a Traveling Electromagnetic Field

The results of studying the influence of various factors on the distribution patterns of electromagnetic forces and heat release power in three-phase induction systems with a traveling electromagnetic field of power frequency are presented. In the analysis, the following influencing factors were considered: phase sequence of inductors, distance between the inductor magnetic circuits end parts, and air gap size between the inductor magnetic circuit poles and the flat ferromagnetic load surface. The graphs of electromagnetic forces and heat release power in the load versus the above-mentioned factors, obtained by carrying out computational experiments in the Elcut software environment, are presented.

Plant growth regulator on micro-sprinkler for mango `Palmer’ floral induction in Brazilian Semiarid

Application of the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol (PBZ) to aid mango floral induction has been widely performed by mango producers. However, its application has been done manually, resulting in low uniformity of application and losses with labor. The objective of this study was to adjust the PBZ dose to be applied via micro-sprinkler system for floral induction, indicating an efficient management of ‘Palmer’ mango in the Brazilian semiarid. The experiment was conducted at Saúde Farm, located in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with five doses of PBZ, applied via irrigation system (T1 - 0.56; T2 - 1.12; T3 -1.68; T4 - 2.24; and T5 - 2.80 g a.i. linear m-1 canopy) and a conventionally applied dose (T0 - 2.80 g a.i. linear m-1 of canopy, manually applied broadcast), with four replicates. The variables analyzed were: photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf temperature, number and length of panicles, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, yield, pulp firmness, titratable acidity and total soluble solids in the fruits. At the conventionally applied dose (2.8 g a.i. linear m-1 of canopy), PBZ application via micro-sprinkler irrigation system proved to be the most efficient way to reduce photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration. PBZ applied via micro-sprinkler irrigation system at a dose of 0.56 g a.i. linear m-1 of canopy promotes greater number of panicles and yield in ‘Palmer’ mango.

Analysis of influencing factors of electrostatic detection system based on double electrode

This study aims to explore the influence of various factors of the electrostatic induction system on the object information of double-electrode electrostatic detection. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, we first establish a system model and a mathematical model for single-electrode electrostatic detection. We analyze the effect of various factors on the target information of single-electrode electrostatic detection. On this basis, a novel double-electrode electrostatic detection model is introduced, and detection rational is explained in detail. A comparative study using theory and computer simulation is conducted. The results show that the novel double-electrode electrostatic detection system performs significantly better than its single-electrode counterpart. We also observe that the vertical detection distance has a greater impact on the detection performance compared to the interval between the two electrodes. Moreover, we find that the vertical detection distance and the interval between the two electrodes have a much more substantial influence on the electrostatic detection performance than other intrinsic factors.

Induction system for heating large rings before rolling

The paper considers the issues of designing an induction system for heating large-sized hollow cylindrical billets before rolling. The specific features of the billets heating process at the installation built into the technological processing line are noted. It is shown that for increasing the efficiency of the process of heating large-sized steel billets it is expedient to carry out the system of inductors with the use of a heat shield. A study of the process of heating of workpieces taking into account the nonlinear dependence of the physical characteristics of the metal of heated workpieces on the temperature changing in the process of heating is performed. The parameters of the induction system are calculated on the basis of a two-dimensional model. The geometric parameters of the circular billet resulted in a significant nonuniformity of the current density distribution along the axial coordinate of the billet due to the strongly pronounced boundary effects. The results of numerical calculation of the electromagnetic and thermal fields at different variations of the induction system design are presented. In order to substantiate and select the design of induction system that provides heating of the ring for the time caused by the work rate of the deforming equipment. A series of calculations was made, including three options: heating by an external cylindrical inductor; heating by two inductors: heating by inductor system with a heat shield. Analysis of efficiency of the investigated variants is based on multiple refinement of the results in the process of iterative design. Results of calculation of temperature distribution in the billet during heating are presented. The results of the research can be used to develop design and operating parameters of induction ring heating system in the rolling line.

Financial Literacy in Russia: Problems and Tendencies of Development

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of financial literacy in Russia at present time. The purpose of the study is to consider the problems and tendencies to improve financial literacy in Russia. Financial literacy in combination with financial education and adequate financial behavior of the population allow to make well-considered decisions to achieve financial well-being of the citizens and economic welfare of the country. Poor financial literacy results in making unreasonable decisions that leads to decline of public confidence in financial institutions, accumulation of debts, exposure to risks of fraud from the providers of financial services. The low level of financial literacy hinders the development of the state economy, weakens the effectiveness of financial sector governance, limits the investment that determine the opportunities of economic growth of the country. In this context the study is essential. The article considers the tendencies of development of financial literacy. The author comes to the conclusion that adequate financial behavior of the population (making reasonable decisions, balancing income with potential risks from acquiring financial products) is less vulnerable to fraud, encourages the providers of financial services to create new products of improved quality and promote competition and has a positive impact (although indirectly) on investment and economic situation in the country. In the course of research, the author used general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and system approach. The obtained results can be used as recommendations to enhance the financial literacy of the country population.

Development of Specific Molecular and Phenotypic Marker-Based Haploid Inducers in Rice

Doubled haploid (DH) technology is an efficient strategy for producing completely homozygous lines for breeding programs. Mutations in the MATRILINEAL (MTL) phospholipase trigger intraspecific haploid induction in cereals. Although an in vivo haploid induction system based on OsMTL-edited plants has been established in rice (Oryza sativa), DH technology is still limited by other factors, such as haploid identification, which is one of the essential steps required for DH technology. In the study, we addressed this technical challenge by integrating specific molecular and phenotypic markers into rice haploid inducers. We first generated large fragment insertion or deletion mutations within the OsMTL gene and designed a pair of primers flanking the mutational sites to be used as the specific and universal molecular markers between wild-type and Osmtl plants. Next, we screened for hairy leaf as a single dominant trait and integrated it into specific molecular marker-based haploid inducers using the cross and self-cross method. When crossing cytoplasmic male sterile lines with these haploid inducers, we utilized the specific InDel marker and hairy leaf phenotypic marker to identify putative haploids (or double haploids). These putative haploids were further confirmed through ploidy and phenotypic analysis, demonstrating the high efficiency of haploid identification using these markers. The haploid induction rate (HIR) of the developed specific molecular and phenotypic marker-based haploid inducers ranged from 3.7% to 12.5%. We have achieved successful integration of distinct molecular and phenotypic markers into rice haploid inducers. Our advanced marker-based system has significantly enhanced the accuracy of haploid identification, thereby expediting the adoption of DH technology in rice breeding.

Air Induction System Check on Toyota Soluna Engineer Stand

Air Induction System Check on Toyota Soluna Engineer Stand

A novel soybean hairy root system for gene functional validation.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has long been explored as a versatile and reliable method for gene function validation in many plant species, including soybean (Glycine max). Likewise, detached-leaf assays have been widely used for rapid and mass screening of soybean genotypes for disease resistance. The present study combines these two methods to establish an efficient and practical system to generate transgenic soybean hairy roots from detached leaves and their subsequent culture under ex vitro conditions. We demonstrated that hairy roots derived from leaves of two (tropical and temperate) soybean cultivars could be successfully infected by economically important species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica). The established detached-leaf method was further explored for functional validation of two candidate genes encoding for cell wall modifying proteins (CWMPs) to promote resistance against M. incognita through distinct biotechnological strategies: the overexpression of a wild Arachis α-expansin transgene (AdEXPA24) and the dsRNA-mediated silencing of an endogenous soybean polygalacturonase gene (GmPG). AdEXPA24 overexpression in hairy roots of RKN-susceptible soybean cultivar significantly reduced nematode infection by approximately 47%, whereas GmPG downregulation caused an average decrease of 37%. This novel system of hairy root induction from detached leaves showed to be an efficient, practical, fast, and low-cost method suitable for high throughput in root analysis of candidate genes in soybean.

Generation of stable integration-free pig induced pluripotent stem cells under chemically defined culture condition.

Genome integration-free pig induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) bring tremendous value in pre-clinical testing of regenerative medicine, as well as conservation and exploitation of endangered or rare local pig idioplasmatic resources. However, due to a lack of appropriate culture medium, efficient induction and stable maintenance of pig iPSCs with practical value remains challenging. Here, we established an efficient induction system for exogenous gene-independent iPSCs under chemically defined culture condition previously used for generation of stable pig pre-gastrulation epiblast stem cells (pgEpiSCs). WNT suppression was found to play an essential role in establishment of exogenous gene-independent iPSCs. Strikingly, stable integration-free pig iPSCs could be established from pig somatic cells using episomal vectors in this culture condition. The iPSCs had pluripotency features and transcriptome characteristics approximating pgEpiSCs. More importantly, this induction system may be used to generate integration-free iPSCs from elderly disabled rare local pig somatic cells and the iPSCs could be gene-edited and used as donor cells for nuclear transfer. Our results provide novel insights into potential applications for genetic breeding of livestock species and pre-clinical evaluation of regenerative medicine.

Ultra-fast recovery of cathode materials from spent LiFePO4 lithium-ion batteries by novel electromagnetic separation technology

The separation of electrode materials from current collectors plays a significant role in determining the leaching efficiency of different metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In the presented research, a highly efficient, environmentally sustainable, and cost-effective cathode materials separation strategy was proposed for spent LiFePO4 batteries. Based on the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the binder and aluminum foil, the electromagnetic induction system was examined to harvest cathode materials for the first time, which could provide a high heating rate to erase the mechanical interlocking force between Al foil and coated material, and breaking the chemical bond or Van der Waals forces of the binder. The process avoids the usage of any chemicals such as acids and alkalis, thus eliminating the emission of wastewater. Our system shows ultra-fast separation (3 min) and achieves high-purity of recovered electrode materials and Al foils (99.6% and 99.2%). Furthermore, the morphology and crystalline structure of delaminated electrode materials remain almost the same compared with the pristine materials, which provides a previously unexplored technology to realize sustainable spent battery recycling.

Sucrose Signaling Contributes to the Maintenance of Vascular Cambium by Inhibiting Cell Differentiation.

Plants produce sugars by photosynthesis and use them for growth and development. Sugars are transported from source-to-sink organs via the phloem in the vasculature. It is well known that vascular development is precisely controlled by plant hormones and peptide hormones. However, the role of sugars in the regulation of vascular development is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of sugars on vascular cell differentiation using a vascular cell induction system named 'Vascular Cell Induction Culture System Using Arabidopsis Leaves' (VISUAL). We found that sucrose has the strongest inhibitory effect on xylem differentiation, among several types of sugars. Transcriptome analysis revealed that sucrose suppresses xylem and phloem differentiation in cambial cells. Physiological and genetic analyses suggested that sucrose might function through the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 transcription factor, which is the central regulator of vascular cell differentiation. Conditional overexpression of cytosolic invertase led to a decrease in the number of cambium layers due to an imbalance between cell division and differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that sucrose potentially acts as a signal that integrates environmental conditions with the developmental program.

Simulation of Electromagnetic Processes in a Cylindrical Induction System with Permanent Magnets

Simulation of Electromagnetic Processes in a Cylindrical Induction System with Permanent Magnets

A comparison of teacher induction systems in Türkiye, China, New Zealand, and Germany

A comparison of teacher induction systems in Türkiye, China, New Zealand, and Germany

Proteomic dissection of the role of GliZ in gliotoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus

Gliotoxin (GT) biosynthesis in fungi is encoded by the gli biosynthetic gene cluster. While GT addition autoinduces biosynthesis, Zn2+ has been shown to attenuate cluster activity, and it was speculated that identification of Zn2Cys6 binuclear transcription factor GliZ binding partners might provide insight into this observation. Using the Tet-ON induction system, doxycycline (DOX) presence induced GliZ fusion protein expression in, and recovery of GT biosynthesis by, A. fumigatus ΔgliZ::HA-gliZ and ΔgliZ::TAP-gliZ strains, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that DOX induces gli cluster gene expression (n = 5) in both A. fumigatus HA-GliZ and TAP-GliZ strains. GT biosynthesis was evident in Czapek-Dox and in Sabouraud media, however tagged GliZ protein expression was more readily detected in Sabouraud media. Unexpectedly, Zn2+ was essential for GliZ fusion protein expression in vivo, following 3 h DOX induction. Moreover, HA-GliZ abundance was significantly higher in either DOX/GT or DOX/Zn2+, compared to DOX-only. This suggests that while GT induction is still intact, Zn2+ inhibition of HA-GliZ production in vivo is lost. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that GT oxidoreductase GliT associates with GliZ in the presence of GT, suggesting a potential protective role. Additional putative HA-GliZ interacting proteins included cystathionine gamma lyase, ribosomal protein L15 and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). Total mycelial quantitative proteomic data revealed that GliT and GtmA, as well as several other gli cluster proteins, are increased in abundance or uniquely expressed with GT addition. Proteins involved in sulphur metabolism are also differentially expressed with GT or Zn2+ presence. Overall, we disclose that under DOX induction GliZ functionality is unexpectedly evident in zinc-replete media, subject to GT induction and that GliT appears to associate with GliZ, potentially to prevent dithiol gliotoxin (DTG)-mediated GliZ inactivation by zinc ejection.

Local injection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in silk fibroin solution on the regeneration of lower esophageal sphincter in an animal model of GERD.

Presently, various tissue engineering methods using adult stem cells and biomaterials are being confirmed to regenerate vessels, cardiac muscle, bladder, and intestines. However, there are few studies about the repair of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) may help alleviate the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aims to determine whether Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) combined with regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) solution could regenerate the LES. In vitro, the ADSCs were isolated, identified, and then cultured with an established smooth muscular induction system. In vivo, in the experimental groups, CM-Dil labeled ADSCs or induced ADSCs mixed with RSF solution were injected into the LES of rats after the development of the animal model of GERD respectively. The results showed that ADSCs could be induced into smooth muscular-like cells with the expression of h-caldesmon, calponin, α-smooth muscle actin, and a smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain in vitro. In vivo, the thickness of LES in the experiment rats was much thicker than those in the controlled groups. This result indicated that ADSCs mixed with RSF solution might contribute to the regeneration of the LES, thus reducing the occurrence of GERD.

The Arabidopsis Phytoglobin 2 mediates phytochrome B (phyB) light signaling responses during somatic embryogenesis.

During the light induction of somatic embryogenesis, phyB-Pfr suppresses Phytoglobin 2, known to elevate nitric oxide (NO). NO depresses Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) relieving its inhibition on embryogenesis through auxin. An obligatory step of many in vitro embryogenic systems is the somatic-embryogenic transition culminating with the formation of the embryogenic tissue. In Arabidopsis, this transition requires light and is facilitated by high levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by either suppression of the NO scavenger Phytoglobin 2 (Pgb2), or its removal from the nucleus. Using a previously characterized induction system regulating the cellular localization of Pgb2, we demonstrated the interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and Pgb2 during the formation of embryogenic tissue. The deactivation of phyB in the dark coincides with the induction of Pgb2 known to reduce the level of NO; consequently, embryogenesis is inhibited. Under light conditions, the active form of phyB depresses the levels of Pgb2 transcripts, thus expecting an increase in cellular NO. Induction of Pgb2 increases Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) suggesting that high levels of NO repress PIF4. The PIF4 inhibition is sufficient to induce several auxin biosynthetic (CYP79B2, AMI1, and YUCCA 1, 2, and 6) and response (ARF5, 8, and 16) genes, conducive to the formation of the embryonic tissue and production of somatic embryos. Auxin responses mediated by ARF10 and 17 appear to be regulated by Pgb2, possibly through NO, in a PIF4-independent fashion. Overall, this work provides a new and preliminary model integrating Pgb2 (and NO) with phyB in the light regulation of in vitro embryogenesis.