Induction Stage Research Articles

HR Strategy as Liaison with Business Strategy for Organizational Effectiveness - An Analytical Study

Organization is the foundation upon which the whole structure of management is built. Organization is related with developing frame work where the total work is divided into manageable component in order to facilitate the achievement of objectives or goals. Organizational effectiveness is the same discipline concerned with understanding, predicating and controlling human behavior in organizational effectiveness or human resource management. There is several researches on Strategic human resource management, in India, it is on initial stage, adoption of SHRM is on induction stage. In this paper I focus on how SHRM liaison between business strategy helpful for organizational effectiveness. Primary data has collected through questionnaire, interviews observation etc. for secondary sources I found IUP press, Tata McGraw-Hill publicized articles etc.

Autophagy is essential for the differentiation of porcine PSCs into insulin-producing cells

Porcine pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) are seed cells with potential use for diabetes treatment. Stem cell differentiation requires strict control of protein turnover and lysosomal digestion of organelles. Autophagy is a highly conserved process that controls the turnover of organelles and proteins within cells and contributes to the balance of cellular components. However, whether autophagy plays roles in PSC differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we successfully induced porcine PSCs into insulin-producing cells and found that autophagy was activated during the second induction stage. Inhibition of autophagy in the second stage resulted in reduced differentiational efficiency and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, the expression of active β-catenin increased while autophagy was activated but was suppressed when autophagy was inhibited. Therefore, autophagy is essential to the formation of insulin-producing cells, and the effects of autophagy on differentiation may be regulated by canonical Wnt signalling pathway.

Microsporogenesis and Induction of Unreduced Pollen with High Temperatures in Rubber Tree Clone RRIM 600

In order to induce unreduced pollens, microsporogenesis and male flower bud (MFB) development were compared in rubber tree clone RRIM 600. We observed strong asynchronism in different MFBs in an inflorescence. Asynchronism of microsporogenesis in different microsporangiums from a MFB was also observed. The relationship between microsporogenesis and external morphology was examined, which was used to estimate microsporogenesis stages of MFBs. Unreduced pollen was successfully induced by high temperature exposure in this study, with the highest production ratio of about 20.17% at 44 °C. Our findings showed that diplotene to metaphase I may be the most effective stage for unreduced pollen induction, and 42–44 °C may be the suitable treatment temperature in rubber trees. Thus, microsporogenesis of MFBs has been elucidated in detail in the rubber tree clone RRIM 600 and will provide a reference for future breeding studies of rubber trees.

Modern strategies and capabilities for activation of the immune response against tumor cells.

Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells and the most potent stimulators of various immune responses, such as antitumor responses. Modern studies have not shown an effective antitumor immune response development in patients with malignant tumors. The major cause is the decrease in functional activity of dendritic cells in cancer patients through irregularities in the maturation process to a functionally active form and in the antigen presentation process to naive T lymphocytes. This review describes the main stages of cellular antitumor immune response induction in vitro, aimed at resolving the problems that are blocking the full functioning of dendritic cells, and additional stimulation of antitumor immune response.

Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human amniotic fluid to cardiomyocyte‑like cells.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major factor influencing worldwide mortality rates. Furthermore, IHD has become a significant health problem among the Thai population. Stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an alternative therapeutic method that has been applied to improve the quality of life of patients. Amniotic fluid (AF) contains a heterogeneous cell population, including MSCs, which are multipotent stem cells that have the capability to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the MSC characteristics of human (h)AF and determine its potency regarding cardiogenic differentiation. MSC characterization following flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cells expressed MSC markers, cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD90, human leukocyte antigen-ABC and CD73. The results of the alamar blue assay demonstrated that cell proliferation rate continuously increased from the early cultivation phase up to 5-fold during days 1 to 5 of cell culturing. The highest rate of cell proliferation was observed on day 17 with a 30-fold increase compared with that on day 1. During the cardiogenic induction stage, morphological changes were observed between day 0 and day 21, and it was revealed that the hAF derived-MSCs in the cardiogenic-induced group exhibited myotube-like morphology after 7 days of cell culturing. Following cardiogenic induction, immunohistochemistry staining was performed on day 21, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction on day 7 and 21. These steps were performed to detect the protein and gene expression levels of cardiac specific proteins (GATA4, cardiac troponin T, Nkx2.5 and Connexin43). The results of the present study indicated that hAF-MSCs possess the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Thus, it was concluded that hAF may be a suitable source of MSCs for stem cell therapy and tissue engineering.

A systematic investigation of the fouling induction phenomena with artificial crystal structures and distributions

It has been a challenge to understand the negative fouling resistance during the induction stage of many crystallization fouling processes. The evolution of complex fouling layer structure (i.e., mesoscale crystal structure) and its intricate interaction with heat and momentum transfer in a heat exchanger are extremely difficult to be rigorously tracked experimentally. In this work, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed for the induction stage of fouling in a microscale channel. The growth of crystals with artificially designed structures at the micrometer scale has been explicitly modeled and coupled with flow dynamics and heat transfer. This model offers unique opportunities to investigate a variety of crystal structures that include the density, distribution, shape, orientation, and growth schemes. Dominant mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement during the induction stage have been demonstrated by the quantification and analysis of Nusselt number ratios. Moreover, quantitative findings in this work can be used to guide the design of high-performance heat transfer facilities.

MicroRNA-7 impairs autophagy-derived pools of glucose to suppress pancreatic cancer progression

Pancreatic cancer commonly addicts to aerobic glycolysis, and abnormally activates autophagy to adapt the stringent metabolic microenvironment. microRNA-7 (miR-7) was supposed to modulate various gastrointestinal cancer progression. We wonder whether miR-7 could destroy the reprogrammed metabolic homeostasis in pancreatic cancer via modulating the level of autophagy, and further affect tumor proliferation and survival. Herein, we first reported that pancreatic cancer could take advantage of autophagy as a survival strategy to provide essential glucose required for glycolysis metabolism. Of note, under the stressful tumor microenvironment, miR-7 could repress autophagy through up-regulation of LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signaling, and directly targeting the stages of autophagy induction and vesicle elongation to reduce the supply of intracellular glucose to glycolysis metabolism. Furthermore, miR-7 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, lentivirus-mediated miR-7 effectively reduced the growth of patient-derived xenograft by interfering glycolysis via inhibition of autophagy. Together, these data suggested miR-7 might function as an important regulator to impair autophagy-derived pools of glucose to suppress pancreatic cancer progress. Hence, miR-7 might be a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.

The maternal childbirth experience more than a decade after delivery

Maternal satisfaction with the birth experience is multidimensional and influenced by many factors, including mode of delivery. To date, few studies have investigated maternal satisfaction outside of the immediate postpartum period. This study investigated whether differences in satisfaction based on mode of delivery are observed more than a decade after delivery. This was a planned, supplementary analysis of data collected for the Mothers' Outcomes after Delivery study, a longitudinal cohort study of pelvic floor disorders in parous women and their association with mode of delivery. Obstetric and demographic data were obtained through patient surveys and obstetrical chart review. Maternal satisfaction with childbirth experience was assessed via the Salmon questionnaire, administered to Mothers' Outcomes after Delivery study participants >10 years from their first delivery. This validated questionnaire yields 3 scores: fulfillment, distress, and difficulty. These 3 scores were compared by mode of delivery (cesarean prior to labor, cesarean during labor, spontaneous vaginal delivery, and operative vaginal delivery). In addition, the impact of race, age, education level, parity, episiotomy, labor induction, and duration of second stage of labor on maternal satisfaction were examined. Among 576 women, 10.1-17.5 years from delivery, significant differences in satisfaction scores were noted by delivery mode. Salmon scale scores differed between women delivering by cesarean and those delivering vaginally: women delivering vaginally reported greater fulfillment (0.40 [-0.37 to 0.92] vs 0.15 [-0.88 to 0.66], P < .001) and less distress (-0.34 [-0.88 to 0.38] vs 0.20 [-0.70 to 0.93], P < .001) than those who delivered by cesarean. Women who delivered by cesarean prior to labor reported the greatest median fulfillment scores and the lowest median difficulty scores. Median distress scores were lowest among those who delivered by spontaneous vaginal birth. Among women who underwent cesarean delivery, labor induction and prolonged second stage were associated with higher difficulty scores. These factors did not affect satisfaction scores among women who delivered vaginally. Among women who delivered vaginally, operative vaginal delivery was associated with less favorable scores across all 3 scores. Maternal satisfaction with childbirth is influenced by mode of delivery. The birth experience leaves an impression on women more than a decade after delivery.

Metabolomic and Proteomic Analysis of Maize Embryonic Callus induced from immature embryo

The low ratio of embryonic callus (EC) induction has inhibited the rapid development of maize genetic engineering. Still, little is known to explain the genotype-dependence of EC induction. Here, we performed a large-scale, quantitative analysis of the maize EC metabolome and proteome at three typical induction stages in two inbred lines with a range of EC induction capabilities. Comparison of the metabolomes and proteomes suggests that the differential molecular responses begin at an early stage of development and continue throughout the process of EC formation. The two inbred lines show different responses under various conditions, such as metal ion binding, cell enlargement, stem cell formation, meristematic activity maintenance, somatic embryogenesis, cell wall synthesis, and hormone signal transduction. Furthermore, the differences in hormone (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroid and ethylene) synthesis and transduction ability could partially explain the higher EC induction ratio in the inbred line 18-599R. During EC formation, repression of the “histone deacetylase 2 and ERF transcription factors” complex in 18-599R activated the expression of downstream genes, which further promoted EC induction. Together, our data provide new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism responsible for efficient EC induction in maize.

Functional analyses of cultivated strawberryFTandTFL1homologs

Previously, we cloned the cDNAs of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) homologs FaFT1 and FaTFL1-1, respectively, from domesticated octoploid strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). We produced Arabidopsis transgenic lines containing FaFT1 or FaTFL1-1 to understand their function. We placed the introduced genes under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, and found that FaFT1 over-expression caused no early flowering except for one line at short day conditions, but aerial rosette phenotype instead. From the results and its expression pattern previously investigated, it was speculated that the FaFT1 acts at the vegetative propagation stage including runner formation, but not at the flower inductive stage. In contrast, the over-expression of FaTFL1-1 rescued the tfl1-2 mutant, suggesting that it possesses flower-suppressing ability. From its spatial expression pattern in crowns (stem tissue including meristem), FaTFL1-1 seemed to be related to flower inducing at apical portion of crowns by its down regulation, and to flower suppressing at the basal portion of crowns by its up regulation.

Protein difference among the leaf explants determined for shoot regeneration and callus growth in Mulberry (Morus indica L.)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A comparison of protein profiles of leaves during different stages of shoot and callus induction showed similarities as well as differences in the expression of proteins. A protein of 39 kDa was expressed in low levels in leaf explants and increased in intensity during induction of shoot organogenesis in both the cultivars. Analysis of protein patterns during organogenesis and callus proliferation from leaves by two dimensional gel analysis revealed the separation of 39 kDa protein into four spots during organogenesis with pI values ranging from 4.2-5.8. However, the isoforms of 39 kDa protein with pI values of 4.2 and 5.8 were highly expressed in callus of M-5 cultivar in contrast to S-36 cultivar where only one isoform with pI value of 4.2 was detectable. The analysis of protein synthesis in different stages of development in the cultures may acts as markers to differentiate the group of specific isoforms.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Chitosan-Intercalated Montmorillonite/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers as a Platform to Guide Neuronlike Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

In this study, we present a novel chitosan-intercalated montmorillonite/poly(vinyl alcohol) (OMMT/PVA) nanofibrous mesh as a microenvironment for guiding differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) toward neuronlike cells. The OMMT was prepared through ion exchange reaction between the montmorillonite (MMT) and chitosan. The PVA solutions containing various concentrations of OMMT were electrospun to form 3D OMMT-PVA nanofibrous meshes. The biomechanical and biological characteristics of the nanofibrous meshes were evaluated by ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM, MTT, and LDH specific activity, contact angle, and DAPI staining. They were carried out for mechanical properties, overall viability, and toxicity of the cells. The hDPSCs were seeded on the prepared scaffolds and induced with neuronal specific differentiation media at two differentiation stages (2 days at preinduction stage and 6 days at induction stage). The neural differentiation of the cells cultured on the meshes was evaluated by determining the expression of Oct-4, Nestin, NF-M, NF-H, MAP2, and βIII-tubulin in the cells after preinduction, at induction stages by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunostaining. All the synthesized nanofibers exhibited a homogeneous morphology with a favorable mechanical behavior. The population of the cells differentiated into neuronlike cells in all the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in control group. The expression level of the neuronal specific markers in the cells cultured on 5% OMMT/PVA meshes was significantly higher than the other groups. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the OMMT/PVA artificial nerve graft cultured with hDPSCs for regeneration of damaged neural tissues. These fabricated matrices may have a potential in neural tissue engineering applications.

Accelerated ageing and degradation characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam

The urgent need for revision of the normative test method (EN 253) for the lifetime prediction of district heating pipes requires a better understanding of the failure mechanisms involved. Therefore, various methods were used to study thermal degradation characteristics of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam in both air and nitrogen atmosphere. Accelerated ageing in nitrogen caused insignificant changes, whereas ageing in air caused significant changes in weight, dimensions, chemical structure and cell gas composition, indicating importance of the thermo-oxidative type of degradation. A clear indication of the thermo-oxidative type of degradation was the formation of new carbonyl groups in PUR together with the loss of CH2 groups after ageing in air. Another result of ageing in air was the loss of pentane and cyclopentane, and the formation of some new volatile compounds in the cells of PUR foam. However, despite a large difference in degradation characteristics between the samples aged in air and in nitrogen, no significant difference in the flexural strength of PUR foam was recorded during the induction stage of the degradation process. Furthermore, it is shown that the significant drop in shear strength, which reflects the adhesion force between PUR foam and steel pipe, observed during the early stage of accelerated ageing of district heating pipes is not caused by thermo-oxidative degradation.

ComE, an Essential Response Regulator, Negatively Regulates the Expression of the Capsular Polysaccharide Locus and Attenuates the Bacterial Virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main virulence factors required for effective colonization and invasive disease. The capacity to regulate CPS production at the transcriptional level is critical for the survival of S. pneumoniae in different host niches, but little is known about the transcription regulators of cps locus. In the present study, we isolated and identified the response regulator ComE, the master competence switch in transformation of S. pneumoniae, as a transcriptional regulator of cps locus by DNA affinity chromatography-pulldown, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Our results showed that phosphorylated mimetic of ComE (ComED58E) bound specifically to the cps locus prompter in vitro, and phosphorylated ComE negatively impacted both cps locus transcription and CPS production attenuating the pneumococcal virulence in vivo. Compared with D39-WT strain, D39ΔcomE mutant exhibited much thicker capsule, attenuated nasopharyngeal colonization and enhanced virulence in both pneumonia and bacteremia models of Balb/c mice. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that CSP-ComD/E competence system involved in regulating negatively the CPS production during the progress of transformation in D39. Our CSP1 induction experiment results showed that the expression of ComE in D39-WT strain increased powerfully by 120% after 10 min of CSP1 induction, but the CPS production in D39-WT strain decreased sharply by 67.1% after 15 min of CSP1 induction. However, the CPS production in D39ΔcomE mutant was almost constant during the whole stage of induction. Additionally, we found that extracellular glucose concentration could affect both the expression of ComE and CPS production of D39 in vitro. Taken together, for the first time, we report that ComE, as a transcriptional regulator of cps locus, plays an important role in transcriptional regulation of cps locus and capsular production level.

Identifying Future Drinkers: Behavioral Analysis of Monkeys Initiating Drinking to Intoxication is Predictive of Future Drinking Classification.

BackgroundThe Monkey Alcohol Tissue Research Resource (MATRR) is a repository and analytics platform for detailed data derived from well‐documented nonhuman primate (NHP) alcohol self‐administration studies. This macaque model has demonstrated categorical drinking norms reflective of human drinking populations, resulting in consumption pattern classifications of very heavy drinking (VHD), heavy drinking (HD), binge drinking (BD), and low drinking (LD) individuals. Here, we expand on previous findings that suggest ethanol drinking patterns during initial drinking to intoxication can reliably predict future drinking category assignment.MethodsThe classification strategy uses a machine‐learning approach to examine an extensive set of daily drinking attributes during 90 sessions of induction across 7 cohorts of 5 to 8 monkeys for a total of 50 animals. A Random Forest classifier is employed to accurately predict categorical drinking after 12 months of self‐administration.ResultsPredictive outcome accuracy is approximately 78% when classes are aggregated into 2 groups, “LD and BD” and “HD and VHD.” A subsequent 2‐step classification model distinguishes individual LD and BD categories with 90% accuracy and between HD and VHD categories with 95% accuracy. Average 4‐category classification accuracy is 74%, and provides putative distinguishing behavioral characteristics between groupings.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that data derived from the induction phase of this ethanol self‐administration protocol have significant predictive power for future ethanol consumption patterns. Importantly, numerous predictive factors are longitudinal, measuring the change of drinking patterns through 3 stages of induction. Factors during induction that predict future heavy drinkers include being younger at the time of first intoxication and developing a shorter latency to first ethanol drink. Overall, this analysis identifies predictive characteristics in future very heavy drinkers that optimize intoxication, such as having increasingly fewer bouts with more drinks. This analysis also identifies characteristic avoidance of intoxicating topographies in future low drinkers, such as increasing number of bouts and waiting longer before the first ethanol drink.

Effects of preferred relaxing music after acute stress exposure: A randomized controlled trial

In daily contexts, coping with stressful events involves a great level of personal resources to recover baseline conditions efficiently, a process called stress recovery. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an intervention based on preferred relaxing music on the recovery after stress exposure. We also analyzed the effect of gender on stress recovery. Fifty-eight undergraduates underwent a paradigm of laboratory-based stress induction and were randomly assigned to either the control or the experimental group. The recovery period included either silent resting (control group) or listening to their preferred music to become relaxed (experimental group) for 15 minutes. Cardiovascular measures and self-reported emotional states were monitored across the stress induction and recovery stages. Participants in the experimental group exhibited higher levels of heart-derived high frequency power, and greater sample entropy in the recovery period. They also showed lower levels of self-reported states of anxiety, depression, and negative affect, as well as greater levels of positive affect. Gender-related differences were also found during recovery for both cardiovascular and self-reported measures. To conclude, interventions based on preferred relaxing music allow promotion of a healthier recovery and improve affective state after acute stress exposure considering differential outcomes according to gender.

Autoimmune Disorders during Pregnancy: Effects of Biomarkers on Maternal Serum Screening and Course of Disease

Pre-existing autoimmune disease during pregnancy is infrequent occurring in 1.0-2.0% of pregnant women. Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are not lethal and can co-exist with other autoimmune types. In the present report, ADs were found to produce false positive maternal serum screens for both neural tube defects and Down syndrome. The course of ADs is highly influenced by maternal and placental proteins, hormonal factors, and cytokines. Such agents appear to serve as protective factors at the induction and effector stages of the immune response during pregnancy. During second and third trimester pregnancies and in postpartum, autoimmune-afflicted patients experience stages of remissions and relapses. Most remissions occur in the second and third trimesters when soluble immunoprotective factors attain peak levels. Some plausible immunosuppressive factors include quad biomarkers and pregnancy associated glycoproteins such as alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, dimeric inhibin-A, and unconjugated Estriol. The mechanism of remission of ADs is not fully understood but is associated with induction of an immunosuppressive and/or immunotolerant state coincident with the presence of known and unknown soluble factors. Keywords: Alpha-fetoprotein, autoimmunity, dimeric inhibin, human chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnancy, unconjugated Estriol.

High Expression of Human Cathepsin S by Recombinant Pichia pastoris with Cod Skin as an Organic Co-Nitrogen Source

Human cathepsin S production by recombinant Pichia pastoris using cod skin as the co-nitrogen source was investigated in this study. The addition of carbon sources of glycerol in the fed-batch phase and of methanol in the induction stage was also investigated. A new approach to the highly expression of human cathepsin S was developed using 90 g/L of cod skin (wet weight). After 24 h of the initial fermentation, 4% glycerol (v/v, glycerol/culture) was added once to enhance the cell density (OD₆₀₀) in the cultivation. Then, adding and maintaining methanol at 0.5% (v/v, methanol/cultivation) after about 48 h of fermentation achieved a high expression of human cathepsin S in a 5-L bioreactor. The results demonstrate that the maximum activity of human cathepsin S in the fermentation supernatant reached 7,152 U/L after 96 h of methanol induction. The methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris grown in the medium containing cod skin (90 g/L) as the co-nitrogen source provided a 21% higher cell density (OD₆₀₀) and 18.3% higher human cathepsin S yield than P. pastoris grown in BMGY medium. For the first time, human cathepsin S was successfully expressed by P. pastoris with cod skin as the co-nitrogen source. The glycerol fed-batch controlling strategy and method of maintaining methanol at a constant concentration of 0.5% (v/v, methanol/cultivation) in the induction stage was efficient for P. pastoris growth and the expression of human cathepsin S.

Condition medium of cerebrospinal fluid and retinoic acid induces the transdifferentiation of human dental pulp stem cells into neuroglia and neural like cells.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains several molecules which are essential for neurogenesis. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are putatively neural crest cell-derived that can differentiate into neurons and glial cells under appropriate neurotrophic factors. The aim of this study was to induce differentiation of hDPSCs into neuroglial phenotypes using retinoic acid (RA) and CSF. The hDPSCs from an impacted third molar were isolated by mechanical and digestion and cultured. The cells have treated by 10−7 µM RA (RA group) for 8 days, 10% CSF (CSF group) for 8 days and RA with CSF for 8 days (RA/CSF group). Nestin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining were used to examine the differentiated cells. Axonal outgrowth was detected using Bielschowsky's silver impregnation method and Nissl bodies were stained in differentiated cells by Cresyl violet. The morphology of differentiated cells in treated groups was significantly changed after 3–5 days. The results of immunocytochemistry showed the presence of neuroprogenitor marker nestin was seen in all groups. However, the high percentage of nestin positive cells and MAP2, as mature neural markers, were observed at the pre-induction and induction stage, respectively. Nissl bodies were detected as dark-blue particles in the cytoplasm of treated cells. Our findings showed the RA as pre-inducer and CSF as inducer for using in vitro differentiation of neuron-like cells and neuroglial cells from hDPSCs.

Embryo sac chromosome doubling in Populus alba × P. glandulosa induced by high temperature exposure to produce triploids.

To determine the effects of the hours after pollination and the treatment durations on triploid production and reveal the effective stages of embryo sac chromosome doubling by high temperature exposure. At least three catkins were sampled, and 80 ovules were used for the determination of the embryo sac developmental process. Catkins (2–74 h after pollination) were treated to induce embryo sac chromosome doubling. Cytological observations revealed that the embryo sac development was a consecutive and asynchronous process. Fertilization occurred 50 h after pollination. In the offspring seedlings, 167 triploids were detected and the highest efficiency of triploid production was 87.0%. Among all the induced triploids, the most effective treatment period of inducing embryo sac chromosome doubling is from 26 to 50 h after pollination, and 121 triploids were obtained, representing 72.46% of the sum of all triploids. GLM-Univariate analysis indicated significant differences among the hours after pollination (F = 4.516, p = 0.045). However, the differences between the treatment durations (F = 0.077, p = 0.791) were not significant. Correlation analysis between the proportion of each embryo sac’s developmental stage and the percentage of triploid production indicated that the third mitotic division may be the most effective stage for 2n female gamete induction.