Resonant Inductor Research Articles

Maximum Power Control of DFIG Based Grid Connected Wind Turbine Generator System

This paper presents a simulation model of variable speed wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator developed in Matlab/simulink. Vector control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) drive for variable speed wind power generation is described. A slip ring (wound rotor) induction generator with back to back three phase PWM converter between its rotor and the grid forms the electrical system. A vector control scheme for the PWM converters results in independent control of active and reactive power. Line (supply) voltage oriented reference frame has been used to independently control the active and reactive power. Results are provided at the end for sub synchronous and super-synchronous operation of the DFIG.

Design and analysis of the ferrite air-gapped cores for a resonant inductor

Design and analysis of the ferrite air-gapped cores for a resonant inductor

Design and implementation of magnetically coupled inductive power transfer system for electric vehicle charging applications

A research paper or proposal on designing a 1.6 kW Resonant Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system for electric vehicles (EVs). Design, Modeling, and Analysis of a 1.6 kW Resonant IPT System for EVs. To Enhance Design Performance: Improve the efficiency and effectiveness of power transfer compared to traditional EV charging systems. Conduct Loss Analysis and Analyze and minimize losses associated with the IPT system. The Advantage Highlight advantages of the proposed system over existing EV charging methods. Methodology, Integration with AC Grid: Despite EV systems being connected to the grid, this research proposes further integration and improvement using resonant (Compensated Network) circuits within IPT systems. Resonant Circuit Utilization: By matching the supply frequency with the circuit’s resonant frequency, optimal performance is achieved, addressing current IPT system drawbacks. Implementation Steps, Simulation: Evaluate primary and secondary circuits through simulation. Component Selection: Determine component values based on derived equations. Hardware Implementation: Construct the system in hardware based on simulation results. Feasibility Testing: Validate calculations through simulation and practical hardware testing. Contribution, this research aims to contribute to the field by demonstrating, improved performance through resonant IPT systems. Feasibility of integrating such systems into EV applications. Practical benefits over conventional EV charging methods. By leveraging resonant circuits in IPT systems, this study aims to demonstrate enhanced performance and efficiency suitable for EVs, thereby contributing to the advancement of EV technology and grid integration. This structured summary encapsulates the key aspects and goals of the research paper as described.

An Inherent CC-CV Charging Architecture for Dual Receiver Semi-Dynamic Resonant Inductive Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System

An Inherent CC-CV Charging Architecture for Dual Receiver Semi-Dynamic Resonant Inductive Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System

Improved Interleaved Boost Converter with Soft-Switching: Analysis and Experimental Validation

This paper proposes a novel interleaved boost converter for renewable energy applications. The two-phase interleaved boost converter was improved with lossless passive snubber cells to ensure the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) condition. The ZVS condition is contributed by a resonant inductor, a resonant capacitor, and two diodes. The proposed converter was operated in continuous current mode on its primary side. The significant merits of this converter are reduced switching losses, better efficiency, and reduced input current ripples without auxiliary switches. The soft-switching ability of this converter is maintained under both light- and heavy-load conditions. This paper also presents the operating principles and design analysis of the proposed converter. Furthermore, a 50-320V prototype was operated at 250 W to validate the soft-switching operation and theoretical analysis, and the experimental results are presented.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding enclosure at low frequencies

We construct an electromagnetic shielding enclosure with dimensions of 95 cm × 95 cm × 95 cm. It is made from aluminum and copper which are high electrical conductors and nonmagnetic materials, so the enclosure does not produce additional static magnetic field. The enclosure is composed of a cubic frame (25-mm aluminium rails) and 6 removable panels. Each panel consists of a copper mesh (wire diameter of 0.25 mm and 0.58 mm spacing) sandwiched in a double layered aluminium frame, two aluminium handles, and 4 aluminium hooks. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the enclosure is evaluated using the standard method at low frequencies, 0.4–25 MHz. A function generator and a circular flat coil with a diameter of 5 cm are used to transmit sinusoidal electromagnetic waves directed to the enclosure. The electromagnetic waves transmitted into the enclosure are measured by a spectrum analyser and another similar circular flat coil. The measurements show that when the frequency is increased from 0.4–2.5 MHz, the shielding effectiveness slightly increases from 42.2–48.6 dB. For the frequency between 3–25 MHz, the shielding effectiveness remains at around 49.6 dB with a standard deviation of 0.6 dB. Such shielding enclosure is potentially improving the accuracy of many investigating techniques which use electromagnetic waves with low frequencies including nuclear quadrupole resonance and magnetic induction tomography.

Design and Implementation of A LED Driver Circuit with Dimming Function without Burst Mode at Constant Switching Frequency

This paper presents a dimmable LED driver with a topology of combination of series and parallel resonant converter. In dimming operation, a variable resonant inductor controlled by a PWM signal at a low frequency, while proving DC output current approaches, switching frequency variation or conventional PWM technique is not used. The proposed technique is performed on a load that consists of 40 one-watt power LEDs connected in series. Switching frequency of circuit is kept constant at 60 kHz. According to experiments results, LEDs can be dimmed to a desired power level linearly within the range of nominal power to very low power without being in burst mode unlike of the conventional PWM technique.

An integrated LNA‐phase shifter in 65 nm CMOS for Ka‐band phased‐array receivers

SummaryIn this paper, a vector‐sum phase shifter (VSPS) integrated with a wideband high‐gain low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for Ka‐band phased‐array receivers is presented. The digitally controlled VSPS based on the RF phase shifting architecture consists of a modified I/Q signal generator with additional inductor resonance and a programmable variable gain amplifier (VGA) based on Four 3 × 4 transistor arrays. Besides the reduced parasitic effect of the I/Q signal generator, an Equidistant Contraction Technology (ECT) is used in the VGA, to maintain higher phase shift accuracy of the VSPS. A multistage LNA with series inductor peaking is adopted to fulfill the flat wideband gain, where LC resonance networks are used as interstage matching to compensate for gain roll‐off at a higher frequency. Based on simulations in 65 nm CMOS technology, the presented LNA‐Phase shifter has achieved an average NF of 3.24–3.66 dB, and an average gain of 13.1–23.6 dB. Moreover, an RMS phase error of 1.1–12.6°, an RMS gain error of 4.2–5.6 dB, and an RMS magnitude error of 2.1–2.8 dB are maintained across 27–40 GHz, with a 360° phase shift coverage in steps of approximately 2.8125°. The chip consumes 16.83 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage, and the occupied area is 0.65 mm2.

Novel Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter With Variable Resonant Inductor

Novel Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter With Variable Resonant Inductor

Automatic Current Sharing of Paralleled Windings for LLC Resonant Converter With Secondary-Side Resonant Inductors

Automatic Current Sharing of Paralleled Windings for <i>LLC</i> Resonant Converter With Secondary-Side Resonant Inductors

Research on High Power Charging Power Supply Based on LLC and LCL-T Resonant Converter

Electric vehicle charging uses constant current followed by a constant voltage charging method, the MOSFETs operate over a large range of frequencies, which will cause trouble to the design of magnetic components, and the magnetizing current is circulated in the resonant tank, which will lead to more core loss. In this paper, a new resonant converter based on inductive multiplexing of LLC and LCL-T is studied to reduce the switching frequency range by using the inherent output characteristics of the converter. During the constant voltage charging phase, the LLC resonant tank operates as a constant voltage source to provide a stable charging voltage. In the LLC resonant tank, the resonant inductor is equated to the secondary side, and this resonant inductor is reused to develop the LCL-T resonant tank for the constant current charging stage, which is equivalent to a constant current source to provide a stable charging current. The resonant converter in this paper has lower losses and higher efficiency compared to other LLC resonant converters. A prototype with 3.3 kW is created to test the theoretical analysis.

Analysis of a novel soft switching bidirectional DC-DC converter for electric vehicle

A bidirectional converter (BDC) designed with high voltage gain and it is incorporated with the soft-switching operations to the insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The main dual operating characteristics of this converter are boost and buck modes respectively. In order to achieve the reduced switching losses and improved efficiency, the main IGBTs are operated at zero current (ZC) while the IGBTs commutating from turn-on to turn-off state. The ZC turn-off operation is obtained with the aid of soft- switched cell, which consists of resonant inductor (Lr), capacitor and additional IGBTs. In this work, the design simulation analysis for high-gain BDC was performed by 70/300 V power system with the maximum 800 W output power under the operating frequency of 50 kHz. The efficiency for the high-gain soft-switched BDC was obtained as 96.5% when it is operating in boost mode and efficiency of 97% was achieved for the buck mode operation. The simulation evaluations of the above said converters were performed by using MATLAB/Simulink.

A Novel 13L SC-Based Inverter with Reduced Capacitor Spike Current and High-Gain

In this article, a 13L inverter is suggested if you want to get a high level of efficiency and more voltage gain. The suggested SC-based inverter architecture needs 13 (IGBTs or MOSFETs), 2 diodes, 3 capacitors, resonant inductors, and a source of DC power. Resonant inductors are added to the circuit to reduce the spike current from the capacitor and source voltage. Moreover, the capacitors are self-balanced throughout the whole range of modulation index. A full analysis of the recently developed topologies is done in terms of the number of sources, switches, drivers, total standing voltage (TSV), gain, and cost function. This is done to show conclusively that the proposed topology offers better performance. Several simulation and experiment results are shown to show that the suggested topologies are possible and useful.

Design guideline of capacitive power transfer system to achieve targeted output power

Power transfer capability of the capacitive power transfer (CPT) system is dependent on the dimensions of capacitive coupler, which should be correctly designed to meet the required amount of output power. This paper presents a guideline to design the conductive plates used in CPT system to achieve a targeted output power. For a given operating frequency, resonant inductance, DC input voltage, load resistance, and the air gap between plates, the required cross-sectional area of conductive plates is obtained using this guideline. It has been guided through the design procedure which is explained in detail. A step-by-step guide to design a 5-watts CPT system is demonstrated as a design example. The proposed design guideline is verified by the experiment which shows the closeness between measured and targeted output power. Design error is obtained as low as 3.6 percent.

An Efficient Resonant Pole Inverter With One Single Auxiliary Switch of Each Phase for AC Motor Drive

The brief presents an efficient resonant pole inverter for the sake of the efficiency improvement of the inverter. Its design process is elaborated briefly as follows: the same auxiliary units are added in parallel with three bridge arms and auxiliary units on each bridge arm only consist of one auxiliary switch, two auxiliary diodes, two resonant capacitors and two coupled resonant inductors; when the auxiliary units work, the voltage across main switches can decrease to zero periodically before main switches are switched on. Thus, main switches can acquire zero-voltage switching, making for the reduction of switching loss. In particular, the notable advantage of the presented inverter is that only one switch is included in the auxiliary units of each phase, which is beneficial to the simplification of the control strategy and the restriction on the hardware cost. Moreover, the single auxiliary switch of each phase can also acquire zero-current switching. The brief illustrates each working state in a switching period. The relative experimental waveform indicates that switching devices attain soft-switching. Furthermore, the efficiency of the presented inverter achieves 98% at rated output power, increasing by 0.3%, compared with that in the latest literature. Consequently, the presented inverter is more advantageous in efficiency than other similar soft-switching inverters.

Weak Radio Frequency Signal Reception Sensitivity Based on DC Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are promising for detection of extremely weak power regimes for the Internet of Things (IoT) and long-distance satellite networks. In low-frequency magnetic signal measurements, it has demonstrated superior performance over traditional systems. We review the resistively-and-capacitively-shunted junction (RCSJ) model of DC SQUIDs and investigate its transfer function to magnetic flux signals while taking thermal fluctuation into account. We numerically evaluate the influence of bias current and bias flux signal to determine the operating parameters of the device. The performances related to SQUID ring inductance operating at 4.2 K and 77 K are demonstrated. Combined with common radio frequency (RF) front-end modules, including low-noise amplifier (LNA) and low-pass filter, we evaluate the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the system under different inductance values and inferred that the sensitivity of the system can reach -99 dBm at 100 MHz bandwidth.

A Novel Hybrid Control Strategy and Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a 3.3 kW GaN–HEMT-Based iL2C Resonant Full-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

The conventional resonant inductor–inductor–capacitor (L2C) DC–DC converters have the major drawbacks of poor regulation, improper current sharing, load current ripples, conduction losses, and limiting the power levels to operate at higher loads for electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. To address the issues of the L2C converter, this paper proposes an interleaved inductor–inductor–capacitor (iL2C) full-bridge (FB) DC–DC converter as an EV charger with wide input voltage conditions. It comprises two L2C converters operating in parallel on the primary side with 8-GaN switches and maintains the single rectifier circuit on the secondary side as common. Further, it introduces the hybrid control strategy called variable frequency + phase shift modulation (VFPSM) technique for iL2C with a constant voltage charging mode operation. The design requirements, modeling, dynamic responses, and operation of an iL2C converter with a controller are discussed. The analysis of the proposed concept designed and simulated with an input voltage of 400 Vin at a load voltage of 48 V0 presented at different load conditions, i.e., full load (3.3 kW), half load (1.65 kW), and light load (330 W). The dynamic performances of the converter during line and load regulations are presented at assorted input voltages. In addition, to analyze the controller and converter performance, the concept was validated experimentally for wide input voltage applications of 300–500 Vin with a desired output of 48 V0 at full load condition, i.e., 3.3 kW and the practical efficiency of the iL2C converter was 98.2% at full load.

Parameter Optimization of Magnetic Components for Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converters Using a Digital Twin

Due to their significant performance, Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converters (PSFBCs) have gained widespread adoption in medium- and high-power applications. The performance of a PSFBC is greatly influenced by its magnetic components, namely the transformer and resonance inductor. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a parameter optimization of magnetic components for PSFBCs, specifically the transformer turns ratio and resonance inductor value, to enhance conversion efficiency and minimize operational loss. A digital twin of PSFBCs enabling a more accurate loss estimation is proposed to achieve this objective. The proposed loss estimation method precisely calculates the effective and circulation intervals and the corresponding current points of the primary-side transformer current, resulting in improved accuracy. By leveraging the digital twin, the effects of transformer turns ratio and resonant inductor value on the conversion efficiency of a PSFBC can be efficiently simulated. This facilitates the parameter optimization of magnetic components, thereby minimizing operational losses across different application scenarios. This paper also designs and implements a PSFBC prototype with a rated input voltage of 380 V, output voltage of 24 V, and output current of 20 A. The experimental results show the influences of transformer turns ratio and resonant inductor value on the PSFBC and validate the proposed digital twin. The proposed parameter optimization of magnetic components is further evaluated across two application scenarios with varying utilization rates. The simulation results indicate a reduction of approximately 14% in operational loss per hour after applying the parameter optimization of magnetic components for the PSFBC used as a battery charger. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed digital twin in designing PSFBCs.

Suggesting a Non-Unity Turn Ratio Two-Winding Coupled Inductor for Filtering CM EMI Noise in an SRC

Switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) are the source of both conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise. Resonant converters are popular due to the possibility of switching loss reduction using zero voltage switching (ZVS) or zero current switching (ZCS) and also attenuating conducted EMI noise. Conventionally, a common-mode (CM) choke with a single core and two identical windings is used to suppress the CM noise in an EMI filter. This paper introduces an effective and cost-efficient method for mitigating the CM EMI noise in SRCs. The proposed method benefits a two-winding coupled inductor instead of the simple resonant inductor in the SRC. While a unity turn ratio does not meet the desired resonance inductance, the suggested two windings coupled inductor with an unequal number of turns deals with the EMI noise as well as the normal operation of an inductor in the resonant tank. Applying the proposed method significantly achieves up to 20 dB attenuation in the noise amplitude both at the input and output terminals of the converter. Simulations are used for investigating the analysis of the method. Moreover, a series resonant converter is designed and implemented to verify both analysis and simulations.

LLC 공진형 컨버터를 위한 인덕터 집적 평면형 변압기의 설계 및 구현

The miniaturization of magnetic components is one of the most important issues in the design and fabrication of high-density switching power converters. In recent years, an integrated magnetics (IM) technique has been considered a possible solution for reducing the size and cost of the magnetic components. This paper deals with the design and implementation of an inductor integrated planar transformer for improving the power density of an LLC esonant converter. The proposed technique utilizes a leakage layer inserted between the primary and secondary printed circuit board (PCB) windings to implement a series resonant inductor in the transformer without any additional windings. The analysis and design method of the proposed inductor integrated transformer are discussed, and the implementation of the transformer using the PCB windings and magnetic sheets is presented. The implemented inductor integrated transformer is applied to the actual LLC resonant converter with a power rating of 750 W. The experiments are carried out for the actual converter, and the effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified from the experimental results.