Induction Motor Test Research Articles

IOT Soft Starter Revolutionizes Single-Phase Induction Motor Control

Induction motors often face issues with large initial currents that can disrupt networks and damage the motors. This study designs a soft starter for single-phase induction motors using an IoT-based Arduino Uno system to regulate initial current surges and enable remote monitoring via the Blynk App. The system uses the AC Light Dimmer module controlled by Arduino Uno and Wemos D1 Mini microcontrollers, with the PZEM-004T sensor detecting current and voltage. Experimental results showed a significant reduction in initial current, averaging 0.48 A and 201.90 V within 10 seconds. Additionally, the system allows for monitoring from up to 16 km away using an Android smartphone, providing an effective solution for managing induction motor performance and ensuring reliable operation. Highlight: Renewable technology for controlling single-phase induction motor initial current. Software and system flowcharts illustrate IoT-based motor control. Significant reduction in initial current demonstrated in induction motor testing. Keywoard: Induction Motors, Soft Starter, IOT, Arduino Uno, Remote Monitoring.

Sensorless Saliency-Based Control of Dual Induction Machines Under Dynamic Load Imbalances Using Three Current Sensors

To perform vector control of single-inverter dual induction motors, drives are standardly equipped with current and position sensors. In medium-power railway applications, a shaft encoder is usually mounted on each motor, and the inverter output current is measured using two current sensors. Yet, this configuration features some disadvantages. First, torque-sharing cannot be computed because stator current of each motor is unknown. Similarly, saliency extraction of each motor is not achievable since individual current drawn by each motor is not measured. An option that achieves torque-sharing calculation is to attach two current sensors to each motor, provided that both rotor positions are known. However, industrial inverter/control platforms considered offer a maximum of three input channels for current sensors. Besides, some industry fields tend towards encoderless speed control. Therefore, this paper proposes to use three current sensors in total and no shaft encoders. Thanks to a special current sensor arrangement and a voltage step excitation method, saliency-based encoderless control is achieved. In addition, a method is presented to estimate torque-sharing. Experimental measurements, taken on a dual induction motor test bench, will show the capability of the proposed methodology to identify individual loading as well as excellent encoderless control performance.

Early rolling bearing fault diagnosis in induction motors based on on-rotor sensing vibrations

The traditional on-house sensing (OHS) accelerometer for vibration measurements causes poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and complicated fault modulations, which increases the difficulty and complexity for early bearing fault diagnosis. To overcome these challenges, this paper develops a wireless triaxial on-rotor sensing (ORS) system to largely improve the SNR and deduces fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Hilbert envelope analysis for accurate early rolling bearing fault diagnosis, which largely improves accuracy and efficiency for early fault diagnosis. First, the development of the ORS system for wireless vibration measurements is given. Second, the theoretical diagnostic relationships between dynamic ORS signals and rolling bearing faults are derived for FFT and Hilbert envelope analysis for the first time. Finally, the induction motor tests with outer and inner race faults successfully validate that both simple FFT and Hilbert envelope analysis can achieve more robust early rolling bearing fault diagnosis compared to OHS measurements.

Selective Harmonic Elimination in Space Vector Modulated AC–AC Converter Using FPGA

Controlling converters by FPGA based system is a challenging problem because of the strict real time constraints. Nonetheless, FPGA has been applied to a wide variety of applications. This paper proposes an FPGA implementation of a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based selective harmonic elimination space vector pulse-width modulation (SHE-SVPWM) in an AC–AC converter. The present approach is utilized to generate a variable frequency high quality AC output from AC to AC converter with reduced THD and improved power quality. The objective function is formulated to ensure attainment of both sinusoidal output and reduction in THD simultaneously by incorporating a weight factor in the objective function. Harmonics up to the 13th order are attenuated by solving transcendental equations. Due to multiplicity of solutions, heuristic techniques are favored. PSO is used in offline mode to calculate the combination of switching angles and stored in look-up table, which makes easier to generate PWM signal in real time for the AC to AC converter. Experimental results are carried out to justify the performance and superiority of the present approach compared to conventional SVPWM and GA-SVPWM. An experimental prototype was developed with single phase induction motor load and test results are presented to validate the proposed design of the system.

The Three Phase Induction Motor Test Using MATLAB 2021b/SIMULINK at Bukit Energi Servis Terpadu, Ltd

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the performance characteristics squirrel-cage induction motor available. This paper discusses determination parameters for three-phase induction motor based on experimental data, which the standard test data is not completely available in the end-users. Alternatively, equivalent circuit parameters should be estimated based on the released performance data of the induction motor. This paper also describes MATLAB 2021b/Simulink implementation of three phases of induction motor testing, which includes the no-load, full load, and locked rotor tests were performed to identify the equivalent circuit parameters. The value calculated of parameters simulation results has been compared to experimental values as verification and validation techniques. The deviation of measured values was diagnosed between 0.13% and 1.31%.

Analysis of the implementation of three-phase Variable Frequency Drive on the prototype of a rice drying machine

The prototype of the rice drying machine is a device used for rice dryers that are not weather dependent. The driver of this prototype rice drying machine uses ½ HP induction motor as its main mover. To be able to adjust the rotation of the induction motor using Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) brand LS iC5 with 1 HP power. The rotation needed to rotate the load can be done by changing the frequency and voltage so that the rotation speed of the induction motor can be adjusted as needed. From the testing of a no-load induction motor with a frequency adjustment range from 5 Hz to 13 Hz, the induction motor speed is 142.8 rpm (rotation per minute) to 375.3 rpm. The measured voltage is 76.5 V to 116.7 V and the measured current is 2.5 A to 1.6 A. From the results of the test of a no-load induction motor it can be concluded that the ratio of frequency to voltage is directly proportional while the ratio of frequency to current is inversely proportional. In testing induction motors with a frequency adjustment range from 5 Hz to 9 Hz, they produce the same conclusions as to the induction motor load testing. VFD is certainly appropriate to be used as a speed regulator as needed.

Peningkatan Kinerja Motor Induksi Melalui Variasi Diameter Lilitan Kawat

Testing of 3 phase induction motors with a variety of wire diameters. First, find out the ideal wire size on an induction motor. Second, ratio of the power used on an induction motor with different winding wire sizes. Third, to find out the torque produced by an induction motor with different wire winding sizes. Then, The induction motor test was performed by taking the power data used on two motors with a diameter of 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm winding wire, RPM data and torque produced by an induction motor with a diameter of 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm. So, we can get the results the induction motor with a diameter of 0.6 mm wire uses as maximum power of 549.10 Watt or more than the induction motor with a diameter of a wire wound of 0.5 mm which only uses a maximum power of 345.95 Watt, the wire diameter induction motor winding 0.6 mm produces a maximum torque of 746.92 Nm or greater than an induction motor with a diameter of 0.5 mm winding wire which only produces a maximum torque of 383.97 Nm. So, It can be conclude that the more number of revolutions per minute (RPM), the torque produced will be smaller, then, the greater the torque produced, the more power is used.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СХЕМЫ ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ ПОГРУЖНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЯ НА ОСНОВАНИИ ДАННЫХ ИСПЫТАНИЙ

Одной из основных проблем в процессе эксплуатации скважин, оборудованных установками электрических центробежных насосов, является определение технического состояния погружного электрооборудования и предотвращение его отказов. Среди различных подходов к решению данной задачи можно выделить метод определения технического состояния установки электроцентробежных насосов с использованием полной настраиваемой математической модели установки, включающей модель погружного электродвигателя. Рассмотрен подход к определению и восстановлению необходимых параметров для настройки модели погружного электродвигателя на основании данных,приведённых в протоколе испытанийпогружного электродвигателя. Цель: разработка методики по восстановлению параметров схемы замещения для погружного электродвигателяна основании типовых данных, содержащихся в протоколе приёмо-сдаточных испытаний. Методы. Предложенный подход основан на совместном использовании настраиваемой динамической модели асинхронного электродвигателя с короткозамкнутым ротором и алгоритмом дифференциальной эволюции. Фактически решение задачи по определению параметров схемы замещения погружного электродвигателясводится к решению задачи глобальной оптимизации, т.е. к задаче на поиск глобального (наилучшего) минимума функции. Результаты.Разработан подход для восстановления параметров схемы замещения погружного электродвигателя, который позволяет устанавливать приемлемые для практики значения параметров схемы замещения для погружного электродвигателяпо результатам испытаний; проверена работоспособность разработанного подхода идентификации с применением методов глобальной оптимизации и математического моделирования погружных асинхронных электродвигателей; полученные оценки являются устойчивыми для всех параметров схемы замещения кроме параметра механической подсистемы.

Design and Innovative Test of a Linear Induction Motor for Urban MagLev Vehicles

This article presents the design and innovative test of a linear induction motor (LIM) to be used in the urban superconducting magnetic levitated vehicle named MagLev-Cobra. This levitation method, based on the flux pinning property of high-temperature superconductors in the proximity of rare-earth permanent magnets, has constraints related to the lifting forces. This issue is even more critical as there is no control of the levitation gap, which changes according to the load. The motor design is based on analytical equations and computational simulations by finite element methods. An innovative workbench for tests was developed to measure values of interest, such as end effects, forces, electrical currents, magnetic flux densities, and others. Numerical and experimental results support the desired performance of the proposed LIM.

Stator End-Winding Thermal and Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Online Stator Inter-Turn Fault Detection

In this paper, two novel stator inter-turn fault sensing schemes, based on infrared (IR) thermopile sensor array (IRSA) and Hall-effect sensor array (HESA) are proposed. These circular sensing arrays are mounted along the inner wall of the stator's casing facing the end-winding region. This enables a direct measurement of temperature and magnetic flux distribution along the end-winding region in a non-contact way. Thus, the deviation in thermal and magnetic symmetry introduced by an inter-turn short circuit fault can be readily assessed. The proposed sensing schemes provides an intuitive and straight forward approach to inter-turn fault monitoring compared to the conventional methods, which depend on detecting fault induced secondary effects on external signals (motor currents, casing vibration, and temperature). The practicality and the diagnostic ability of the end-winding sensor array approaches in detecting the stator inter-turn faults is demonstrated using a 1.5 kW induction motor test rig. Compared to IRSA, HESA is found to be more versatile and with better early fault detection capability. Hence, an embedded online monitoring algorithm based on HESA is developed and demonstrated using the test rig.

Estimation efficiency of rewound induction motors in situ using a numerical model

This paper presents an effective technique for determining the impact of rewinding practices on the motor efficiency and characterizing the efficiency reduction when electrical motors are rewound several times. This technique focuses on a new approach and a statistical study to find a numerical model for the estimation efficiency of rewound induction motors in the field. The experimental results from 101 induction motor tests are analyzed. A numerical model is determined and compared with different methods: separate losses method, modified current method and simple current method. An error analysis is conducted to examine the level of uncertainty by testing three asynchronous motors at 110 kW, 160 kW, and 300 kW. The results show that this approach can predict and estimate the efficiency reduction in rewound motors without expensive tests and can help the energy manager make effective cost decisions in replacing the rewound motors with more efficient ones by using an assessment of overconsumption and maintenance costs. Another advantage of this model is that it can be used to improve the software tools and can also be a very strong indicator to audit the repair quality

The motor testing system design based on SINAMICS S120 inverter

In this paper, an induction motor testing system based on Sinamics S120 inverter is designed and implemented. This system adopts Siemens S7-300 programmable controller as the main control unit, and the Sinamics S120 inverter as the actuator of the companion and subject motors. Because the whole working process is fully automatic controlled by PLC, it has high working reliability. All inverters on one DC generatrix decrease power consumption and have remarkable energy-saving effect and practical value.

Smart-Sensor for the Automatic Detection of Electromechanical Faults in Induction Motors Based on the Transient Stray Flux Analysis.

Induction motors are essential and widely used components in many industrial processes. Although these machines are very robust, they are prone to fail. Nowadays, it is a paramount task to obtain a reliable and accurate diagnosis of the electric motor health, so that a subsequent reduction of the required time and repairing costs can be achieved. The most common approaches to accomplish this task are based on the analysis of currents, which has some well-known drawbacks that may lead to false diagnosis. With the new developments in the technology of the sensors and signal processing field, the possibility of combining the information obtained from the analysis of different magnitudes should be explored, in order to achieve more reliable diagnostic conclusions, before the fault can develop into an irreversible damage. This paper proposes a smart-sensor that explores the weighted analysis of the axial, radial, and combination of both stray fluxes captured by a low-cost, easy setup, non-invasive, and compact triaxial stray flux sensor during the start-up transient through the short time Fourier transform (STFT) and characterizes specific patterns appearing on them using statistical parameters that feed a feature reduction linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and then a feed-forward neural network (FFNN) for classification purposes, opening the possibility of offering an on-site automatic fault diagnosis scheme. The obtained results show that the proposed smart-sensor is efficient for monitoring and diagnosing early induction motor electromechanical faults. This is validated with a laboratory induction motor test bench for individual and combined broken rotor bars and misalignment faults.

Improved Full-Order Adaptive Observer for Sensorless Induction Motor Control in Railway Traction Systems Under Low-Switching Frequency

In the applications of medium- to high-power railway traction systems, the switching frequency and controller sampling rate are relatively low due to the requirements for low losses, high reliability, and limited processor power. These limitations greatly hinder the sensorless control of induction motors, especially in the high-speed operation range. In this paper, a full-order adaptive observer based on an improved discrete model is proposed, which significantly improves the system stability and control performance over the entire speed range. The feedback gain matrix of the presented control scheme is developed in a discrete time domain, ensuring that all the poles of the closed-loop observer are within the stable region. Moreover, a speed estimation mechanism based on Lyapunov’s approach is designed in the synchronous rotating reference frame to further improve the precision of speed observation. Rigorous simulation studies and experimental tests of a benchmark induction motor in railway traction system demonstrate that the improved adaptive observer achieves superior sensorless control performance over the conventional adaptive observer.

A Dynamic Model for Saturated Induction Machines With Closed Rotor Slots and Deep Bars

This paper deals with a dynamic model for three-phase induction machines equipped with closed rotor slots and deep rotor bars. The thin bridges closing the rotor slots saturate highly as a function of the rotor current. The impedance of the rotor bars also varies much as a function of the rotor current frequency. An extended dynamic model, which takes into account the slot-bridge saturation and the deep-bar effect, is developed. The model extensions can be plugged into a standard machine model and parametrized easily. The proposed model can be applied to time-domain simulations, real-time control, and identification. The model is validated by means of finite-element analysis and experiments using a four-pole 5.6-kW induction machine. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed model is superior to the standard model, particularly under transient excitation typically used in standstill self-commissioning tests of induction motor drives.

Development of a Test Rig to Automate Efficiency Testing of Converter-Fed Induction Motors

The increasing use of induction motors (IMs) with variable frequency drives for industrial process control and automation has necessitated the need to evaluate their energy efficiency in the presence of voltage and current harmonics. As the determination of IM efficiency is becoming mandatory in many countries, there is a need to develop a testing approach that eliminates inaccuracies due to the operator. This paper presents an automated efficiency testing procedure developed to mitigate the adverse effect of varying technical skill and competence levels of testing personnel on efficiency test results. This is a particularly useful development considering the recently proposed IEC/TS 60034-2-3 methodology which specifies identical tests between sinusoidal supply and converter operation. A comparison of several manual and automated efficiency tests on a 55-kW IM highlighted improvements in repeatability, correlation, and temperature variation due to the latter. In addition, the advanced data acquisition and computation capability of the measurement device used in the developed test rig provides an excellent platform to investigate the dynamic operation of IM drives.

Feedback Control of Multiphase Induction Machines With Backstepping Technique

This article presents the control possibility of five-phase induction machines. In the proposed solution, the machine model vector form is not transformed to the ( dq )-coordinate system, that is connected to the rotor flux vector, but utilizes the stationary system (α β ). Moreover, the nonlinear model linearization is based on demonstrated nonlinear variables transformation for i -orthogonal $(\alpha \beta)_{(n)}$ planes. By introducing the backstepping approach, the independent stabilization of electromagnetic torque and rotor flux in each plane is obtained. A practical stability analysis of the proposed controller for a multiphase machine is illustrated as well. Finally, experimental test results are demonstrated for a specific speed sensorless five-phase induction motor test setup.

Stand for after repair tests of asynchronous motors with voltage up to 1000 V

This article deals with the issues of an objective assessment of the technical condition of asynchronous motors with voltage up to 1000 V. A stand is proposed for post-repair tests. Test stand allows you to conduct induction motor tests to form an objective conclusion about the technical condition and quality of the repair carried out automatically.

A New Approach for Broken Rotor Bar Detection in Induction Motors Using Frequency Extraction in Stray Flux Signals

This paper offers a reliable solution to the detection of broken rotor bars in induction machines with a novel methodology, which is based on the fact that the fault-related harmonics will have oscillating amplitudes due to the speed ripple effect. The method consists of two main steps: Initially, a time-frequency transformation is used and the focus is given on the steady-state regime; thereupon, the fault-related frequencies are handled as periodical signals over time and the classical fast Fourier transform is used for the evaluation of their own spectral content. This leads to the discrimination of subcomponents related to the fault and to the evaluation of their amplitudes. The versatility of the proposed method relies on the fact that it reveals the aforementioned signatures to detect the fault, regardless of the spatial location of the broken rotor bars. Extensive finite element simulations on a 1.1 MW induction motor and experimental testing on a 1.1 kW induction motor lead to the conclusion that the method can be generalized on any type of induction motor independently from the size, power, number of poles, and rotor slot numbers.

Automatic and Online Detection of Rotor Fault State

In this work, we propose a new and simple method to insure an online and automatic detection of faults that affect induction motor rotors. Induction motors now occupy an important place in the industrial environment and cover an extremely wide range of applications. They require a system installation that monitors the motor state to suit the operating conditions for a given application. The proposed method is based on the consideration of the spectrum of the single-phase stator current envelope as input of the detection algorithm. The characteristics related to the broken bar fault in the frequency domain extracted from the Hilbert Transform is used to estimate the fault severity for different load levels through classification tools. The frequency analysis of the envelope gives the frequency component and the associated amplitude which define the existence of the fault. The clustering of the indicator is chosen in a two-dimensional space by the fuzzy c mean clustering to find the center of each class. The distance criterion, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and the neural networks are used to determine the fault type. This method is validated on a 5.5-kW induction motor test bench.Article History: Received July 16th 2017; Received: October 5th 2017; Accepted: Januari 6th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Ouanas, A., Medoued, A., Haddad, S., Mordjaoui, M., and Sayad, D. (2017) Automatic and online Detection of Rotor Fault State. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(1), 43-52.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.1.43-52