Induction Group Research Articles

The Effects of Regular Treadmill Exercise on Some Blood Parameters in Diabetes Mellitus

This study aims to determine the effects of regular treadmill exercise on some blood parameters in rats with an experimental diabetes model. In the study, 36 Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups Control (C), Exercise (E), Diabetes (D), and Diabetes+Exercise (DE). A single dose of 60 mg/kg STZ solution was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) into the D and DE groups to create a diabetes model. After diabetes induction, E and DE groups were given running exercises at 20 m/min and 45 minutes daily for four weeks. According to the data obtained, while lipid profile (TC, LDL, TG) and liver enzyme (ALT, AST) levels increased significantly in group D compared to group C, HDL and TP levels were found to decrease. However, a decrease was observed in parameters other than HDL and TP in the DE group. It was also observed that the mineral and vitamin (Vit D, Ca, Mg, and Zn) levels decreased in the D group compared to the C group, while these values tended to increase in the DE group. As a result, the experiment shows that a four week regular exercise program in rats with diabetes has a therapeutic, preventive, and protective effect on lipoprotein levels, liver enzyme markers, and micronutrient levels.

Elective cesarean section versus induced vaginal delivery: Do any differences in terms of neonatal respiratory morbidities exist?

Background/Aim: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is mostly a benign and self-limiting common physiological disorder. Certain factors, such as elective cesarean section (CS) not preceded by spontaneous labor, delivery before 39 gestational weeks, and perinatal asphyxia, interfere with the fetal–neonatal transition. In our study, we aimed to review the results of hospitalized newborns who receive a diagnosis of TTN and investigate the possible relationship between the implementation of labor induction and the occurrence of this disorder. Methods: This study used a case-control study design. We scanned the hospital records of 156 term newborns hospitalized between January 2017 and January 2018 who received a diagnosis of TTN and who did not have any additional fetal and/or maternal risk factors. Demographic features, mode of delivery, and implementation of labor induction in vaginal deliveries were recorded and compared to the data from 150 healthy term infants. Infants were then split into two groups according to their type of labor induction, and a separate subgroup analysis was performed in terms of the risk of TTN development. Results: The incidence of TTN was 2.9% in vaginal deliveries and 8.5% in CSs. Differences between groups regarding gestational age, birth weights, gender, elective induction in vaginal deliveries, interventions in the delivery room, and types of intervention were found (P<0.05). The risk of developing TTN was 2.5 times higher in the induction group compared to those who did not receive induction but still developed TTN (P<0.001). Also, the risk was significantly higher in the induction group compared to those who did not receive induction and did not develop TTN (P<0.001). After applying a logistic regression analysis, labor induction (odds ratio: 1.005; 95% confidence interval: 1.003–1.008, P<0.001) was found to be an independent significant risk factor for developing TTN. Conclusions: This study indicates that infants born via electively induced vaginal delivery had significantly higher rates of TTN. Therefore, elective labor induction can be added as a new risk factor for TTN development. In our opinion, labor induction without valid medical and obstetric indications should be avoided due to maternal and fetal complications.

#2649 INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN RELATION TO INDUCTION IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY

Abstract Background and Aims Infections are the most common non-cardiac cause of death after kidney transplantation (KT). The main goal of immunosuppressive therapy is to find a balance between the low incidence of acute rejection and infectious complications. Method We conducted a retrospective, monocentric analysis of transplant patients at the Transplant Center University Hospital Martin from 2011 to 2020 with various induction immunosuppressive therapies. We monitored the incidence of infections in terms of etiology, localization and severity at different intervals after KT. Results Our study included 39 patients on induction therapy with basiliximab to whom we paired 39 patients with induction therapy with thymoglobulin based on gender and age, in total our population consisted of 78 patients (56 men, 22 women), the mean age was 45 years. In the group of patients with induction therapy with thymoglobulin, we noted a higher proportion of fungal (P=0.0409), urogenital infections (P=0.0384), sepsis (P=0.0497) and leukopenia (0.0384) from 1st to 6th month after KTx, higher incidence of skin infections (P= 0.0218) and serious infections requiring hospitalization (P = 0.0269) from 6th-12th months to TO. On the other hand, in the basiliximab patient group, we identified a higher incidence of acute humoral and cellular rejection (P=0.0218) after 6 months of TO. From the perspective of recurrent infections, in the Thymoglobulin induction group, we noted a higher incidence of infections by localization, etiology and severity. Risk factors for recurrent bacterial infections from 1st to 6th month after KT are: history of respiratory diseases (P = 0.0108), thrombocytopenia (P = 0.0104) and infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria (P = 0.0003). Conclusion Patients on inductive immunosuppressive therapy with thymoglobulin are at a higher risk of recurrent, multidrug-resistant and severe infections after KT compared to induction with basiliximab with identical maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. On the other hand, patients on induction therapy with basiliximab have a higher risk of developing acute rejection. Therefore, it is essential to identify risk groups of patients benefiting from milder or more intensive inductive immunosuppressive therapy without a concomitant increased risk of infectious complications or acute graft rejection

Oral capecitabine or tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil as induction and adjuvant/maintenance chemotherapy in the management of stage III-IVb nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A systematic-review and meta-analysis.

e18000 Background: According to practice guidelines, concurrent chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy with subsequent chemoradiotherapy is the recommended regimen for Stage III-IV NPCA. Unfortunately, local and distant recurrence continue to be primary reasons for treatment failure. To improve existing treatment regimens, replacing infusional 5-fluorouracil with oral fluoropyrimidine equivalents was suggested due to lower hazard of death and progression. In this meta-analysis we will be investigating the use of oral fluoropyrimidines, namely capecitabine and tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil, to elucidate their efficacy and effectiveness in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPCA) compared to standard chemotherapy regimens. Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov was done in compliance with the PRISMA-P guidelines. After screening 908 records and selecting 32 articles for full-text assessment, 29 articles were included in the systematic-review and 15 in the meta-analysis. Outcomes were assessed for quality of evidence using a modified GRADE criteria. Overall Survival (OS) was assessed as the primary endpoint. Secondary outcomes were Progression Free Survival (PFS), Disease Free Survival (DFS), Distant Metastasis Free Survival (DMFS) and Locoregional Recurrence Free Survival (LRFS). Risk Ratio (RR) was used as the measure of association for all outcomes. Significance was assessed using p-values and I2 for the presence of heterogeneity. All pooled outcomes were assessed with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical analysis was done using Stata and Review Manager 5. Results: The PFS RR of the adjuvant/maintenance group and induction group, respectively, were 0.53 [95%CI 0.38, 0.72]; I2 = 41% (p < 0.001) and 0.59 [95%CI 0.37, 0.95]; I2 = 0% (p = 0.03). DFS, LRFS, and DMFS of the adjuvant/maintenance group were 0.61 [95%CI 0.44, 0.83]; I2 = 0% (p = 0.002), 0.48 [95%CI 0.28, 0.83]; I2 = 0% (p = 0.008) and 0.67 [95%CI 0.44, 1.01]; I2 = 0% (p = 0.06), respectively. The induction group's LRFS and DMFS, respectively, were 0.55 [95%CI 0.37, 0.82] (p = 0.004); I2 = 0% and 0.60 [95%CI 0.40, 0.91]; I2 = 25% (p = 0.02). The OS for the adjuvant and induction group were 0.51 [95%CI 0.38, 0.69]; I2 = 21% (p < 0.001) and 0.72 [95%CI 0.52, 1.00]; I2 = 14% (p = 0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Based on “Low to Moderate” levels of evidence, induction oral fluoropyrimidine-containing regimens are associated with significantly higher 2-3 year PFS and 3-5 year LRFS as well as DMFS with equivalent 2-5 year OS in previously-untreated Stage III-IVB NPCA. Meanwhile, adjuvant/maintenance oral fluoropyrimidine-containing regimens lead to significantly higher 2-5 year OS and 3-5 year PFS, DFS, DMFS and LRFS compared to induction CCRT alone in previously-untreated Stage III-IVB NPCA.

Outcomes of induction vs prelabor cesarean delivery at

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the leading cause of indicated preterm birth; however, the optimal delivery approach for pregnancies complicated by preterm hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal morbidity in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who either went induction of labor or prelabor cesarean delivery at <33 weeks' gestation. In addition, we aimed to quantify the length of induction of labor and rate of vaginal delivery in those who underwent induction of labor. This is a secondary analysis of an observational study which included 115,502 patients in 25 hospitals in the United States from 2008 to 2011. Patients were included in the secondary analysis if they were delivered for pregnancy associated hypertension (gestational hypertension or preeclampsia) between 230 and <330 weeks' gestation; and were excluded for known fetal anomalies, multiple gestation, fetal malpresentation or demise, or a contraindication to labor. Maternal and neonatal adverse composite outcomes were evaluated by intended mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes were duration of labor induction and rate of cesarean delivery in those who underwent labor induction. A total of 471 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 271 (58%) underwent induction of labor and 200 (42%) underwent prelabor cesarean delivery. Composite maternal morbidity was 10.2% in the induction group and 21.1% in the cesarean delivery group (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.42 [0.25-0.72]; adjusted odds ratio, 0.44 [0.26-0.76]). Neonatal morbidity in the induction group vs the cesarean delivery was 51.9% and 63.8 %, respectively (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.61 [0.42-0.89]; adjusted odds ratio, 0.71 [0.48-1.06]). The frequency of vaginal delivery in the induction group was 53% (95% confidence interval, 46.8-58.7) and the median duration of labor was 13.9 hours (interquartile range, 8.7-22.2). The frequency of vaginal birth was higher in patients at or beyond 29 weeks (39.9% at 240-286 weeks, 56.3% at 290-<330 weeks; P=.01). Among patients delivered for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy <330 weeks, labor induction compared with prelabor cesarean delivery is associated with significantly lower odds of maternal but not neonatal morbidity. More than half of patients induced delivered vaginally, with a median duration of labor induction of 13.9 hours.

Enoxaparin sodium bone cement displays local anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α

ObjectiveTo explore the roles of Enoxaparin Sodium-Polymethyl methacrylate bone cement on inflammatory factors Interleukin-6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α in a rabbit knee replacement model. As well as the mechanisms underlying its potential effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell injury. MethodsA knee replacement model was established using New Zealand rabbits. Forty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: PMMA, ES-PMMA, sham-operated, and blank control groups (n = 10 in each group). Local tissues around the incision were taken at the 30th, 60th, and 90th minute after the surgical implantation of the corresponding bone cement. Immunohistochemistry in the surgical field was used to measure the expression of local inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. In the in vitro experiments, 1 cm3 of bone cement was immersed in 3 mL of the medium for 24 h. The bone cement was discarded and diluted to 25% with normal medium. Pre-experiments were screened for the best LPS-inducing concentration of 100 mg/mL, and the most compatible LPS concentration was used for subsequent experiments simulating the primary cultures of rats’ Inferior Vena Cava Endothelial Cells. The experiments were divided into four groups: blank control group, LPS induction group, PMMA + LPS group, and ES-PMMA + LPS group. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the cells and supernatant were measured by ELISA, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. ResultsAccording to immunohistochemical results, IL-6-positive cells were concentrated in the tissue interstitial space. In the PMMA and sham-operated groups, the number of IL-6-positive cells gradually increased over time. At all time points, IL-6 expression in the ES-PMMA group was much lower than in the PMMA and sham-operated groups. At 30 min, TNF-α positive cells in the ES-PMMA group expressed less than those in the PMMA and sham-operated groups, with no discernible difference between the PMMA and ES-PMMA groups at 60 or 90 min. Using ELISA and flow cytometry, the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were improved and the apoptosis rate was magnified in the LPS-induced group (***P < 0.001) in contrast with the blank control group. Additionally, the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced in the ES-PMMA + LPS group compared with the LPS-induced group (*P < 0.05) and the apoptosis rate was reduced (***P < 0.001), with statistically significant variations. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that IL-6 and TNF-α protein expression in cells was upregulated in the LPS-induced group compared to the blank control group (***P < 0.001), and the mean fluorescence intensity was enlarged (***P < 0.001). Meanwhile, IL-6 and TNF-α expression in the ES-PMMA + LPS group were down-regulated (**P < 0.01 or *P < 0.05) compared with the LPS-induced group and PMMA + LPS crew protein expression, and the average fluorescence intensity of IL-6 and TNF-α was lowered in the ES-PMMA + LPS group compared to the LPS-induced group (***P < 0.001). ConclusionsES-PMMA bone cement reduced the expression levels of local inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in a rabbit knee model. ES-PMMA bone cement reduced the rate of LPS-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and diminished local inflammatory damage by regulating the secretion of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6.

Biochemical and Histopathological evaluation of prostatic tissue under effect of Pterostilbene in benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] is the urologic condition that affects elderly men the most frequently Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Benign prostatic hyperplasia must be distinguished from&#x0D; lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic enlargement. which refers to an enlarged prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia is a purely histological term the development, maintenance, and secretory activity of the prostate and other sex-accessory tissues are stimulated by the presence of certain hormones and growth factors. the pathophysiology of Benign prostatic hyperplasia is significantly influenced by the activity of the enzyme 5α-reductase. It's important to remember that 5-αreductase is responsible for creating Dihydrotestosterone a stronger androgen. Pterostilbene Mostly found in blueberries and grapes and pterostilbene substance with a number of biological properties including anticancer properties. pterostilbene is a lipid-soluble molecule that exists in both cis and trans forms with the latter being more prevalent. The conventional medication for Benign prostatic hyperplasia utilized in this trial was finasteride which inhibits the 5α-reductase enzyme and lowers the amount of Dihydrotestosterone.&#x0D; Methods: Forty-eight male rats were divided into six groups; the control group consisted of eight rats who received subcutaneous injections of oil vehicle for a period of 42 days. The induction group consisted of eight rats who received subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate for a period of fourteen days. The finasteride group consisted of eight rats who received finasteride 0.44 mg/kg by oral gavage for a period of twenty-eight days following the induction of Benign prostatic hyperplasia and Pterostilbene 200 group included 8 rats were given pterostilbene 200mg/kg by oral gavage for 28 days after 14 days of Benign prostatic hyperplasia induction. pterostilbene 100 group included 8 rats were given a pterostilbene 100mg/kg per day kg by oral gavage for 28 days after 14 days of induction Benign prostatic hyperplasia dose and the resveratrol group included 8 rats were given a resveratrol 100mg/kg per day kg by oral gavage for 28 days after 14 days of induction Benign prostatic hyperplasia After twenty-eight days.&#x0D; Results: Histological section of prostate Pterostilbene 200 were similar those in control negative revealed numerous variable sizes alveoli that filled with homogenous eosinophilic secretion, had normal epithelial and stromal tissue.&#x0D; Conclusion: Pterostilbene have a potent anti-proliferative effect by decrease the hyperplastic nodules for prostate and return epithelial cell to normal and have a very good scavenging activity for free radical [very good as antioxidant] in compare with Vitamin c and resveratrol.&#x0D; Aim of study: evaluate the effect of Pterostilbene as Anti proliferative on Benign prostatic hyperplasia and assess the antioxidant activity for Pterostilbene by DPPH Assay.

Histopathological evaluation of docetaxel effects in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis induced in rat model

Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune-mediated condition that affects synovial joints. Synovial tissue, cartilage, bone, and less frequently extra-articular structures which in turn experience&#x0D; inflammatory changes. Paclitaxel's semi-synthetic equivalent, docetaxel, is an anti-neoplastic drug. Methotrexate is a treatment for early RA and may have a mildly negative impact on peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 fluorescence test. However, 30% of patients fail to complete treatment within the first year due to resistance or side effects. The synovial membrane of Rheumatoid arthritis patient infiltrated with macrophages and neutrophils that express peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 which their effect in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis lies in the generation of citrullinated neoepitopes that are Anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies-targeted.&#x0D; The purpose of this study: was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of docetaxel and methotrexate on the joint structure.&#x0D; Methods: Five groups of eight rats were formed from the 40 male Wister rats. Complete Freund’s adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into rats to induce the disease. The first group is control group which was the only group consists of (healthy untreated) rats. Second group was received complete Freund’s adjuvant. 0.5ml of ordinary saline was intraperitoneally administered to both the control and induction groups. Based on a preliminary experiment, the third group was given intraperitoneally 1 mg/kg/on alternative day docetaxel. The fourth group was given intraperitoneally 1 mg/kg/week of Methotrexate. Fifth group was given a half dose of both Methotrexate and docetaxel concurrently. Arthritis index was measured and Knee joint was histopathological examined.&#x0D; Results: significant Arthritis Index decrease in docetaxel group (p≤0.05). Significant lowering Histometric scoring (p≤0.05) in docetaxel, and Methotrexate group (cellular hyperplasia, formation of granulation tissue, infiltration of leukocytes, destroying of cartilage and intensity of erosion &amp; Articular cartilage thickness) level in rats induced arthritis. Conclusion: This study showed that docetaxel may have anti-arthritic effects through their significant lowering Histometric scoring(p≤0.05).

EFFECT OF CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND GLUCOSE IN OBESE ANIMALS

Our proposal in this study is that with vitamin D supplementation in obese animals, there willbe reductions in hepatic steatosis and control of blood glucose levels. Male wistar rats wereused (CEUA nº 5866200720). After 21 days of age, they were acclimatized until they were 30days old, from this date on, the obesity induction protocol was initiated, by means of thecafeteria diet. The animals were divided into 2 groups: rats fed a normal diet [control group(CTL n= 24)] another with a hypercaloric diet [obesity induction group (WD n=24)]. After 90days old, they were subdivided into two other groups: CTL-VD (n=12) and WD-VD (n=12)animals in which, were supplemented with vitamin D3 (5.600UI/week, 90 to 130 days old, bygavage). At 131 days old, WD rats exhibited a significantly higher adiposity index than CTLand WD-VD rats. The WD-VD rats had a significantly lower adiposity index than WD rats.The hepatic steatosis was confirmed by biochemical measurements of the total liver lipidcontent increased in WD rats 5% of the liver weight. Vit D3 supplementation decreased BWgain, and reduction of the total lipid total liver in WD-VD rats. The glycemic curve wasperformed and the WD animals showed higher values ​​in the first 15 minutes than the CTLanimals. The WD-VD animals presented normal values ​​of the area under the curve, in relationto the WD. Vit D supplementation showed that there is a relationship between increasedadipose tissue and circulating vitamin D levels. Supplementation of VD3 attenuated hepaticsteatosis.

Level of 8-Hydroxy-2'Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia post-chemotherapy induction phase and post-chemotherapy maintenance phase

Introduction: Chemotherapy is an important curative therapy modality in ALL patients. 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) has been studied as a biomarker of oxidative stress as a trigger for DNA damage, which is statistically significantly increased in ALL patients after chemotherapy compared to healthy children. This study aims to prove that 8-OHdG levels in children with ALL post-chemotherapy induction phases were higher than in the post-chemotherapy maintenance phase. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects were children aged 1-18 years, with ALL who received treatment at Prof Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital from September 2019-January 2021. The Mann-Whitney test assessed the 8-OHdG levels in children with ALL post-chemotherapy induction and post-chemotherapy maintenance phase. Logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the factors that influence 8-OHdG levels in pediatric patients with ALL. The value of p&lt;0,05 determined the level of significance. Results: A total of 27 subjects who underwent the post-chemotherapy induction phase and 19 subjects who underwent the post-chemotherapy maintenance phase were analyzed in this study. In the post-chemotherapy induction group, the median 8-OHdG level was 0.163 (0.104-1.864), and the median 8-OHdG level in the post-chemotherapy maintenance phase group was 0.158 (0.094-0.512). There was no significant difference in 8-OHdG levels between the two groups. Logistic regression multivariate analysis found that the post-chemotherapy induction phase was a prognostic factor at risk of increasing 8-OHdG levels (RO 16.55; 95% CI 1.118-245.277). Conclusion: This study concluded that 8-OHdG levels were higher in children post-chemotherapy induction phase than in children post-chemotherapy maintenance phase.

Difference in Time to Delivery Between Dilation and Evacuation (D&amp;E) Versus Induction of Labor for Medical Indications [ID: 1380391

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy termination may be the safest management option among pregnancies with medical conditions that arise during the second trimester and are associated with elevated risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. Termination can be done by dilation and evacuation (D&amp;E) or induction. Each method carries different risk and benefit profiles; however, variations in time to delivery have not been established. We assess the difference in time from diagnosis to delivery between D&amp;E and induction for medically indicated second-trimester terminations. METHODS: Electronic medical records of 85 adult patients who underwent a D&amp;E and 19 who underwent an induction between July 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020, within Kaiser Permanente Northern California were retrospectively surveyed for patient demographics and clinical characteristics, including indication for and method of termination, time of diagnosis and delivery, cervical preparation method, and perioperative complications. RESULTS: Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were similar across groups. The median time from diagnosis to delivery was 74 hours (interquartile range [IQR]: 18–141 hours) in the D&amp;E cohort and 9 hours (IQR: 4–45 hours) in the induction cohort (P&lt;.01). In the induction cohort, there were 21.1% (n=4) complications versus 4.7% (n=4) in the D&amp;E cohort (P=.04). In the induction group, 10.5% (n=2) of patients required an additional procedure to complete the termination. CONCLUSION: The median time from diagnosis to delivery was 65 hours shorter in the induction group compared to D&amp;E. This difference may be deemed clinically significant for patients who weigh time to delivery in their decision-making.

Study on the Promotion of hADSCs Migration and Chemotaxis by SDF-1.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemotaxis effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). A lentivirus vector with the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was constructed and transfected to hADSCs. A control group and an SDF-1 induction group were set to estimate the efficacy of SDF-1 in promoting hADSCs chemotaxis and migration. After 7 days of infection with hADSCs by enhanced green fluorescent protein lentivirus, the positive rate of fluorescence expression detected by flow cytometry was 100%. After the addition of SDF-1 induction, the invasion ability of hADSCs was enhanced. SDF-1 can promote hADSCs migration and chemotaxis, which may play a role in stem cell transplantation.

T-cell specific antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction immunosuppression for liver transplant recipients: a meta-analysis

Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of immunosuppression for liver transplant recipients despite several serious complications including infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension. We attempted to compare the safety and efficacy of T-cell specific antibody induction with complete corticosteroid avoidance. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane central library. Randomized controlled trials comparing T-cell specific antibody induction with corticosteroid induction immunosuppression were included. Our primary outcome was the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection. Eleven trials involving 1683 patients were included. The incidence of acute rejection was not significantly different between the antibody and steroid induction groups (risk ratio [RR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72, 1.01, P = 0.06, I2 = 0%). However, T-cell specific antibody induction significantly reduced the risk of cytomegalovirus infection (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33, 0.70, P = 0.0002, I2 = 3%), HCV recurrence (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80, 0.99, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%), DM (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.32, 0.54, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%) and hypertension (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55, 0.90, P = 0.005, I2 = 35%). Trial sequential analysis for acute rejection showed that the cumulative z-curve did not cross the Trial sequential boundary and the required information size was not reached. T-cell specific antibody induction compared to corticosteroid induction seems to significantly reduce opportunistic infections including cytomegalovirus infection and HCV recurrence and metabolic complications including DM and hypertension. However, given the insufficient study power, low quality of evidence, and heterogeneous immunosuppressive regimens, our results should be cautiously appreciated.

Brief Growth Mindset and Mindfulness Inductions to Facilitate Task Persistence After Negative Feedback

Negative feedback in academic settings is often unavoidable, although it may directly interfere with the ultimate goal of education, as setbacks can diminish motivation, and may even lead to dropping out of school. Previous research suggests that certain predispositions, inductions, and interventions might mitigate the harmful effects of negative feedback. Among others, growth mindset beliefs and mindfulness meditation were proposed as the most promising candidates that may help students to retain motivation. In a pre-registered, randomized experiment, we gave a disappointing evaluation to 383 university students in a bogus laboratory IQ test situation. Half of the participants previously received a growth mindset induction referring to intelligence as a malleable characteristic, while the other half received a fixed mindset induction referring to intelligence as a stable characteristic that cannot be changed. Then participants had a brief mindfulness meditation session or a control condition. Subsequently, they could choose to complete practice tasks before the final IQ assessment. The number of completed optional tasks was used as a behavioral proxy for task persistence. The results showed no difference in task persistence for the growth mindset or the mindfulness induction groups, compared to the other conditions. However, those who reported having higher pre-induction growth mindset beliefs or dispositional mindfulness completed more optional tasks after the mindset or mindfulness induction, respectively. We concluded that our brief inductions may not be adequate for everyone to rectify the demotivating effects of negative feedback, but can enhance task persistence for people with a stronger disposition towards a growth mindset or mindfulness.

Comparison of Intravenous Oxytocin with Vaginal Prostaglandin E2 for Labor Induction in Pre-Labor Rupture of Membranes at Term

Background: Pre-labour rupture of membrane (PROM) at term is one of the most common demonstration for labour induction. PROM is the fissure of membrane before the arrival of orderly uterine shrinkage at term gestation. About 8% of the pregnant women have influence of this condition. PROM also occur when the amniotic sac ehich surround the fetus fissure before the onset of labour leading to the risk of maternal and fetal infection. Study design: It is a randomized and controlled study conducted at Obs and Gynae Department, Civil Hospital, LUMHS, Jamshoro and Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital Mirpur Azad Kashmir for the duration of six months from February 2022 to July 2022. Material and Methods: The study comprised of two groups. Each group had 30 patients. The patients that were not fulfilling the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study. The average age of patients in group 1 that is oxytocin induced was 25.4±5.4 years. Patients with prostaglandin E2 induction were included in group2 with average age as 24.7±4.5 years. Group1 had 35.9±4.2 while the average value for group 2 was 36.7±5.3. Results: The induction active labor interval was 5.9±2.1 for Oxytocin induction group while for Prostaglandin E2 induction group the value was 6.3±2.2. Whereas the induction delivery was 14.3±1.9 for Oxytocin induction group and 15.1±2.1 for Prostaglandin E2 induction group. Conclusion: It is concluded that oxytocin is a better drug for labor pain induction as compared to the prostaglandin in case of Pre-labour rupture of membrane at term. To route oxytocin via an intravenous pathway leads to a shorter delivery time and reduced rate of different infections in the mother. Keywords: PROM at term, Intravenous oxytocin and vaginal prostaglandin.

Neonatal condition at birth of twins conceived by medically assisted reproductive technology compared to those conceived spontaneously: A retrospective study.

To examine neonatal outcomes at birth among twins conceived spontaneously or by medically assisted reproduction (MAR). A retrospective study was conducted at a single university teaching hospital on data collected between January 1995 and September 2019. Live twin deliveries at more than 24 weeks of pregnancy were included. The study group consisted of women who conceived by MAR and the controls were spontaneously conceived twins. The study group was further divided into two groups: in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ovulation induction (OI) groups. The primary outcomes were umbilical artery pH less than 7.1 and/or Apgar score less than 7 of any twin 5 min after birth. Overall, 2235 eligible twin gestations were included, corresponding to a total of 4470 live neonates; 1009 (45.1%) conceived by MAR (762 [75.5%] IVF and 247 [24.5%] OI) and 1226 (54.9%) conceived spontaneously. Incidence of the primary outcome was 5.3% and 5.1% in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.71). The primary outcome was comparable among the IVF (5%), OI (6.2%), and control (5.1%) groups. The results did not change even after adjusting for demographic and obstetric variables, including mode of delivery, which differed between the groups. Neonatal condition of twin pregnancies at birth among MAR subgroups is similar to spontaneously conceived twins.

Researching Shame, Dissociation, and Their Relationship Using Latent Change Modeling

Shame and dissociation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of (complex) post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the causal relationship between these two symptoms remains unclear. We tested the association between state shame and state dissociation in 249 participants (Mage= 27.55; SDage= 8.74; 60.24% female; 84.7% no mental illness). After completing questionnaires (trait shame and dissociation, trauma history), participants were randomly allocated to an imaginative shame or dissociation induction group, and changes in state shame and dissociation were measured. The data were analyzed using latent change score modeling. We found significant changes in both state shame and dissociation, with an isolated change of state shame in the shame induction group but changes in both shame and dissociation in the dissociation induction group. Thus, state shame and dissociation correlated only with the induction of dissociation. We found an effect of trait variables only on state dissociation and no effect of trauma history on state variables. The interaction between shame and dissociation remains complex and is only partially understood. Our study adds to research supporting the assumption that dissociation leads to shame. In addition, in experimental psychopathology approaches, imaginative procedures seem more suitable for studying shame than for studying dissociative symptoms.

The Novel Digital Therapeutics Sensor and Algorithm for Pressure Ulcer Care Based on Tissue Impedance.

Visual diagnosis and rejuvenation are methods currently used to diagnose and treat pressure ulcers, respectively. However, the treatment process is difficult. We developed a biophotonic sensor to diagnose pressure ulcers and, subsequently, developed a pressure ulcer care device (PUCD.) We conducted animal and clinical trials to investigate the device's effectiveness. We confirmed the accuracy of the pressure ulcer diagnosis algorithm to be 91% and we observed an 85% reduction in immune cells when using the PUCD to treat pressure ulcer-induced mice. Additionally, we compared the treatment group to the pressure ulcer induction group to assess the PUCD's effectiveness in identifying immune cells through its nuclear shape. These results indicate a positive effect and suggest the use of PUCD as a recovery method for pressure ulcer diagnosis and treatment.

The Protective Eff ects Trimetazidine on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rat Model

Introduction: Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common gastrointestinal tract disorder, representing about 20% of peptic ulcer due to an imbalance between gastric defense mechanisms and aggressive factors, mainly Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The study aims to evaluate trimetazidine’s protective eff ect on histopathology, GU severity, infl ammatory and oxidative stress markers (TNF- alpha, MPO and MDA) in rate model of indomethacin induced GU. Method: Total 30 healthy male albino rats were divided into fi ve groups each of ten (N=10). Group A: Given indomethacin vehicles (normal saline 0.9% and tween 80) orally via gavage tube and serve as control positive group. Group B: Induced ulcer by Indomethacin 60 mg/kg orally via oral gavage serve as control negative. Group C: Pretreated with trimetazidine 50 mg/ kg orally by gavage tube 1-hour before administering indomethacin 60 mg/kg. At the end of study histological examination, anti-infl ammatory and antioxidant markers were evaluated. Results: TMZ 50 mg/kg pretreated groups show a signifi cant (p 0.01) reduction in GU severity score and histopathology damage score in comparison with the indomethacin ulcerated group. Moreover, pretreated groups TMZ 50 mg/kg showed a signifi cant reduction in infl ammatory markers (TNF-alpha and MPO) and oxidative stress marker (MDA) in comparison with the induction group, similar to the results of the reference drug. Conclusion: TMZ dihydrochloride has similar effi cacy as standard omeprazole drug by a decrease in oxidative stress status manifested by a reduction in lipid peroxidation indicator marker and a reduction in pro-infl ammatory cytokine level and leukocyte recruitment indicator marker and fi nally, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation show a reduction GU severity.

The Protective Eff ect of Cinnamic Acid against Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

Objective: To study the protective eff ects of cinnamic acid on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Materials and methods. Forty adult male mice were randomLy divided into fi ve groups, control group, an induction group received 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. Two treatment groups received oral suspension of cinnamic acid 50 and 25 mg/kg, respectively and 3% DSS in drinking water, for 7 consecutive days. The fi nal group received oral suspension of cinnamic acid 50 mg/kg for the latter 7 days without DSS in drinking water. All the animals were euthanized on day eight. The colon of animals was extracted and divided into two sections, the middle was homogenized and biochemically analyzed using the mean levels of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde, catalase, the distal for histopathological examination Results: Total SOD, malondialdehyde, and catalase show signifi cant results in the model group when compared to thecontrol group. DSS with cinnamic acid 50 mg/kg group and DSS with cinnamic acid 25 mg/kg revealed a signifi cant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in total SOD and MDA and signifi cant reduction in catalase when compared to the model group. Histopathological examination showed a signifi cant reduction of infl ammatory signs in all cinnamic acid-treated groups compared to the DSS model group. Conclusion: The treatment with cinnamic acid signifi cantly decreased the levels of DSS-associated oxidative stress. This fi nding supports the idea that the use of this substance could be used as a potential therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis.