Induction Time Research Articles

Induction Time of Wetting Films Between Air Bubbles and Hydrophobic Particles in the Presence of Dodecyl Amine Hydrochloride: First Principles Model Analysis and Experimental Validation

An attachment of a particle on a bubble is a very complex process due to the surface chemistry of bubbles and particles, and hence it is difficult to describe the bubble–particle attachment mechanism from first principles. This paper focuses on better understanding of the bubble–particle attachment mechanism by predicting induction time from first principles for the glass beads–dodecyl amine hydrochloride (DAH) system. The induction time for the bubble–particle attachment was determined using an optically based attachment timer. The zeta potentials of bubbles and glass particles were measured by the microelectrophoresis method. The contact angle between a bubble and a particle was obtained using atomic force microscopy. In these calculations, the overall disjoining pressure and the overall energy of bubble–particle interactions comprised a sum of the DLVO and non-DLVO contributions. The overall energy of interactions was used to determine the critical film thickness, while the overall disjoining pressure was employed to estimate the wetting film drainage time using the theoretical models. By comparing experimental data and theoretical models for drainage of wetting films, it was found that the attachment of glass particles to air bubbles in the presence of DAH is accelerated due to the mobility of the air–water interface (of the wetting films), which has incorrectly been assumed as rigid (fully immobile) in the classical Stefan–Reynolds theory.

Lagrangian characterization of induction and reaction timescales in a cellular gaseous detonation

A Lagrangian approach was proposed to analyze induction and reaction times in the cellular gaseous detonation. Two-dimensional simulations in an argon-diluted and non-diluted hydrogen-based mixtures were performed with detailed chemistry, along particle trajectories. The distribution of the induction and reaction times inside the cell was significantly different between the Eulerian and the Lagrangian perspectives, the latter showing non-monotonic behavior. Preferential thermodynamic paths laid along the Rankine–Hugoniot curve and behind transverse waves (TW). All particles were ignited within half and one cell cycle for the diluted and non-diluted mixture, respectively. The ignition mechanisms were not only one-dimensional, but also multi-dimensional, with ignition behind the TW being the most important, and collision of TW and triple points being secondary. A new topology inside the cell could be drawn, from the intersection of the ignition front with TW. TW appeared as phase waves in the (x,t) diagram. Comparison of H2O mass fraction between local and equilibrium values indicated that a local chemical disequilibrium remained (superequilibrium), due to TW. Equating the mean sonic plane with thermochemical equilibrium in the non-diluted case is not completely accurate. Furthermore, the characteristic time scales for chemical and hydrodynamic phenomena were compared. The diffusive phenomenon did not make any contribution in the mixtures tested. In comparison with the Zel'dovich–von Neumann–Döring model, a shorter average induction time was found in the non-diluted mixture, which is not in line with the results from previous Favre approaches. The average reaction time was also shorter in both mixtures.

High-yield soluble production of recombinant β-keratin from Gallus gallus feathers using an experimental design approach.

The search for new non-animal textile materials has increased yearly as environmental awareness and veganism continue to spread, driving the development of greener fabrics. Concurrently, β-keratin, a fibrous, resistant, and insoluble protein shows great potential for producing innovative biomaterials. However, β-keratin is naturally abundant in animal feathers. Therefore, the recombinant production of β-keratin from Gallus gallus feathers was proposed using a strategy of parallel expression in different vectors. Statistical tools of experimental design were employed to improve the production of soluble biosynthetic keratin. It was shown that β-keratins fused to His6MBP had better performance regarding soluble expression. In addition, the optimized regions for the values of induction temperature, induction time, and induction absorbance were obtained. As a result, a yield of 185.3 ± 1.4 mg/L of soluble His6MBP-Chr2.FK4 was achieved, representing the highest yield reported to date.

Comparison between sevoflurane and propofol induction in I-gel insertion in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniotomy

Background: Supraglottic airway devices are crucial in pediatric anesthesia for their ease of use, reduced trauma, and minimal hemodynamic disturbance. The I-gel device offers a secure airway seal without the need for an inflatable cuff, making it ideal for pediatric patients by minimizing airway trauma and postoperative sore throat. Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to compare the induction characteristics of Propofol and Sevoflurane for I-gel insertion in pediatric patients. The primary objectives were to assess the ease of induction and hemodynamic changes. The secondary objective was to note complications such as laryngospasm, coughing, biting, and gagging with Sevoflurane and Propofol induction. Materials and Methods: The prospective observational study included 66 children aged 6 months–8 years with American society of anesthesiologists physical status I and II, scheduled for elective herniotomy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was induced with Sevoflurane (4–6%), while Group 2 received intravenous Propofol (2.5 mg/kg). Induction ease, hemodynamic changes, and complications were assessed. Results: Demographic characteristics, such as age and sex, were comparable across both groups. Mean times to loss of eyelash reflex, jaw relaxation, and I-gel insertion were significantly shorter in Group 2 (Propofol) than in Group 1 (Sevoflurane) (P<0.001). Heart rate showed no significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in Group 2 at 5- and 10-min post-induction. The first attempt success rate was higher in Group 2, though not statistically significant (P=0.073). Group 1 exhibited a higher incidence of laryngospasm (P=0.010). Conclusion: Propofol demonstrates superior induction characteristics for I-gel insertion in pediatric patients, offering shorter induction times and fewer complications compared to Sevoflurane. Future research could explore the long-term outcomes and broader applications of these findings in diverse pediatric populations.

Intelligent prediction of hydrate induction time in oil–water emulsion system based on data-driven and driving force

Intelligent prediction of hydrate induction time in oil–water emulsion system based on data-driven and driving force

Temporal properties of transcutaneous direct current motor conduction block.

Direct current (DC) electrical block of peripheral nerve conduction shows promise for clinical applications to treat spasticity, pain, and cardiac arrhythmias. Most previous work has used invasive nerve cuffs. Here we investigate the potential of non-invasive transcutaneous direct current motor block (tDCB). 

In anesthetized rats, force output from the tibialis and peroneus muscles was measured in response to stimulation proximally on the sciatic nerve. DC blocking waveforms were delivered via a surface electrode placed distally on the skin over the common peroneal nerve. The efficacy of the block was observed as the reduction/abolition of muscle force. Experiments using this model were performed with two different electrode types. A range of DC amplitudes and durations was used to elucidate the temporal properties of block.

Higher levels of DC resulted in a larger block percentage. The amount of time needed to induce block depended on the level of DC, with smaller amplitudes resulting in longer induction times. When block was applied for a longer period of time (120s), the block was sustained following DC delivery. This "recovery period" was longer for higher amplitudes of block. 

In addition to the block thresholds and temporal effects, two additional evaluations were made: In some animals the efficacy of tDCB to block tetanic muscle contractions was successfully verified. Finally, the effect of tDCB on nerve health was verified using a second distal electrode for comparison. 

In this study, tDCB has been shown to reversibly blocked action potentials in peripheral motor nerves. A lower amplitude applied for a longer duration could produce delayed complete block as well as delayed partial block. Also, a higher amplitude was associated with a longer recovery time. These temporal properties are important considerations for potential clinical applications.&#xD.

Isolation and characterization of a novel highly efficient bacterium Lysinibacillus boronitolerans QD4 for quantum dot biosynthesis

Microorganism-based biosynthesis of quantum dots is a low-cost and green production method with a wide range of potential applications. The development of environmentally friendly synthesis methods is required due to the toxicity and severe reactions that occur during the chemical synthesis of quantum dots. In this study, a novel strain, QD4, with the ability to the effectively and rapidly biosynthesize CdS quantum dots, is isolated and reported. The isolated strain is a Gram-positive, aerobic, flagellated, and rod-shaped bacterium, isolated from seawater. Through the physio-biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic tree analysis, the strain is identified as Lysinibacillus boronitolerans QD4. The strain QD4 grows well in the range of 25–40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), with a high cadmium-resistance as it could grow at Cd2+ concentration up to 2 mM, implying its good adaptability to the environment and potential for application. Cd2+ and L-cysteine are used as substrates for the biosynthesis of CdS quantum dots by strain QD4. The distinctive yellow fluorescence from CdS quantum dots is visible after only a short induction time (a few hours). Moreover, the properties of the CdS quantum dots are characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-absorption spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, XPS, and infrared spectroscopy. This study provides a novel strain resource for efficient biosynthesis of extracellular, water-soluble quantum dots, paving potential industrial applications in green production.

Natural weathering effects on white, green, and black HDPE textured GMs

This study investigates the degradation of textured High-Density Polyethene (HDPE) geomembranes (GMs) subjected to natural weathering for 8.5 to 10.5 years. The GMs, denoted as GM-W/B (white and black), GM-G (green) and GM-B (black), had a nominal thickness of 1.00 mm and were manufactured using a flat die process with texture on both surfaces. Standard Oxidation Induction Time (Std-OIT) tests and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTG) were performed to assess the antioxidant depletion and thermal decomposition. Additionally, degradation due to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and environmental agents was assessed through retained physical and mechanical properties, including the Melt Flow Index (MFI) measured under various loading conditions. Antioxidant depletion and TG/DTG analyses indicated that environmental exposure compromised the thermal stability of these GMs. Among the tested GMs, GM-W/B exhibited the greatest reduction in both Std-OIT and MFI, followed by GM-G and GM-B, suggesting a direct correlation between these properties. While GM-B appeared to be still in the antioxidant depletion stage (Stage I), GM-W/B and GM-G showed signs of degradation beyond Stage I. This study provides insights into the degradation of textured HDPE GMs in the face of weathering exposure effects and the durability of colored HDPE GMs.

Identifying Collagenase (MMP-1, -8, -13) Expression and Correlation with Periodontitis Progression Using the Rat Model

Collagenase (MMP-1, -8, and -13) is one of the groups of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that is responsible for the breakdown of collagen, particularly type-I collagen, which is found in profusion in the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is essential to understand the role of a group of biomarkers in the progression of periodontal disease. This study aims to evaluate the expression of MMP-1, -8, and -13 combined in the periodontitis progression induced by wire ligation and Enterococcus faecalis inoculation using the rat model. Twelve rats were allocated uniformly between the control group 0-day, experimental group 7- and 14-days. Orthodontic wire (0.2 mm) was placed between the proximal space of the right upper first and second molar tooth area and 0.5 μl of 1.5 ´ 108 cfu/ml. Rats in the experimental groups received an injection of E. faecalis suspension into their gingival sulcus. After the respective induction time, the rats were euthanised. Gingival tissue and maxillary jaw samples were obtained from all rats for quantitative real-time PCR and histological examination. The results showed a significant increase in mRNA expression within the tissue samples from the gingiva of MMP-1 (p < 0.05), -8 (p < 0.01), and -13 (p < 0.01) in 7 days as compared to the control. The MMP-8 expression levels were also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Histological analysis showed a higher inflammatory cell infiltration and the presence of osteoclast in the 7 days, which was reduced in the 14 days. MMP-1, -8, and -13 levels were positively correlated with the presence of inflammatory cells. Therefore, identifying a group of collagenases might be a useful biomarker to detect the progression of periodontitis.

P0621 Effectiveness and Safety of Induction Therapy with Upadacitinib for the Treatment of Perianal Crohn’s Disease : Real-World Data from a GETAID Multicentre Cohort Study

Abstract Background Upadacitinib has demonstrated efficacy as an induction treatment for Crohn’s disease (CD)1, and a post hoc analysis of phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trials has shown its efficacy in perianal fistulizing CD (pCD)2. However, real-world data in this setting remain limited. Methods From September 2022 to September 2024, all consecutive patients with CD treated with once-daily upadacitinib 45 mg in 32 French and Belgian GETAID centres were retrospectively included. Clinical remission (absence of draining pus including with pressure for fistulas and no anal ulcers for primary lesions, as per local physician’s judgement, with no need for new dedicated medical treatment for perianal lesions (antibiotics and/or topics), or surgical treatment) and clinical response (an improvement of at least 50% of ulcers or fistulas by physician’s assessment) were assessed at week 12. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of clinical response. Results Among the 243 patients treated, 54 (22.2%) had active perianal Crohn’s disease (pCD) at the time of induction. This group included 43 patients (81.0%) with fistulizing disease and 11 (19.0%) with isolated anal ulcers. Median age was 38 (IQR, 29.0-45.8) years, 28 (51.9%) were men, and 9 (17.0%) were active smokers. All had been previously exposed to at least one advanced therapy (median number: 4, IQR [3-5]), and 25 (47.2%) had undergone prior perianal surgery (Table 1). By week 12, clinical response was achieved in 37 patients (68.5%, n=37/54), and clinical remission in 10 patients (n=10/54, 18.5%). Among patients with fistulizing pCD, 29 patients (67.4%, n=29/43) achieved clinical response, while 6 (14.0%, n=6/43) achieved remission. Among patients with primary perianal CD, complete remission of ulcers was observed in 4 (n=4/11, 36.4%) (Figure 1). In multivariate analysis, penetrating phenotype (OR=14.8, 95%CI: 1.6-381.9, p=0.04) was associated with higher rates of clinical response at W12 while the number of prior biologics did not influence clinical response (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.47-5.79; p = 0.47). Fifteen adverse events (AEs) occurred in 13 (24.1%) patients, including 5 (9.3%) serious AEs, all 5 cases corresponding to CD exacerbation. At week 12, 7 (13%) patients discontinued upadacitinib, all due to lack of efficacy. Conclusion In this real-world cohort of highly refractory CD patients, upadacitinib induction resulted in a clinical response of perianal CD in two-third of patients.

P0962 Relationship between Total Corticosteroid Dose Prior to Advanced Therapy Induction and Primary Non-Response

Abstract Background The PROFILE study1) highlighted the importance of top-down treatment with Advanced Therapy (AT) in Crohn’s disease. In ulcerative colitis (UC), the corticosteroid (CS) treatment cascade remains crucial for selecting AT candidates. CS treatment efficacy decreases with repeated use, affecting therapeutic outcomes of GMA and carotegrast. We hypothesized that total CS dose impacts subsequent AT efficacy and examined this relationship to optimize AT induction timing. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of UC patients diagnosed after January 2010, analyzing the correlation between total CS dose prior to initial AT administration and AT response. Patients using steroids for other diseases or with incomplete CS dose information were excluded. Variables assessed included onset age, sex, disease extent, activity (PRO2), treatment details, and treatment failure rates. Nominal variables were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression analysis. Results Data from 92 UC patients (44 males) were analyzed. Median onset age was 41.5 years, with median AT induction age of 46.5 years. Disease extent: total colitis/left-sided/rectum = 57/33/2. Mean total CS dose before AT initiation was 1,743.2 mg, with a mean 479.1 days between CS initiation and AT start. AT breakdown: IFX/ADA/GLM/VDZ/UST/UPA/TOF/FIL = 37/19/13/13/6/2/1/1. Median PRO2 at AT initiation was 4. (TABLE 1) Primary non-response (PNR) occurred in 23 cases (24.0%), and loss of response (LOR) in 18 cases (18.8%). Multivariate analysis identified total CS dose ≥3,000 mg as a significant risk factor for PNR (OR 4.21, 95%CI 1.32-13.5, p=0.02). (TABLE 2) No risk factors were identified for LOR. Conclusion As previously reported, elderly-onset UC requires careful management due to potentially poor treatment response. The total CS dose appears to significantly impact primary non-response, suggesting that early transition to Advanced Therapy may be crucial for optimal patient outcomes. References 1)Nurulamin MN. A biomarker-stratified comparison of top-down versus accelerated step-up treatment strategies for patients with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease (PROFILE). Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;9(5):415-427 doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00034-7

Comparison of the Anesthetic Effects of Alfaxalone Combined with Xylazine or Dexmedetomidine in Captive Formosa Serows (Capricornis swinhoei)

Formosan serows are an endemic species in Taiwan. Alfaxalone, a γ-aminobutyric acidA agonist, induces or maintains anesthesia in various veterinary species with reported potential adverse effects of respiratory depression and tachycardia. α2-Adrenoceptor agonists exert sedative and muscle relaxation effects, along with substantial cardiovascular adverse effects. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anesthetic effects of alfaxalone combined with xylazine or dexmedetomidine (AX vs. AD, respectively) in Formosan serows. In this randomized, masked study, AX was administered to four serows, and AD was administered to five serows intramuscularly via blow dart. The time and score of induction and recovery were recorded. Post-intubation, isoflurane was administered for maintenance anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral saturation of oxygenation (SpO2), rectal temperature (RT), and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) were recorded every five to eight minutes. Atipamezole and tolazoline were administered to antagonize dexmedetomidine and xylazine post-procedure, respectively. Both combinations allowed smooth induction and recovery. The AD group exhibited significantly lower HR and SpO2 and significantly higher RT and EtCO2 than the AX group (both p < 0.01). The AD-treated serows exhibited notable muscle rigidity after induction and significant hypoventilation and hypoxemia during the procedure. Although alfaxalone combined with dexmedetomidine or xylazine can produce satisfactory induction and recovery in Formosa serows, notable hypoxemia and hypoventilation are induced by the alfaxalone–dexmedetomidine combination compared to the alfaxalone–xylazine combination.

Single Dose Prophylactic versus Multiple Dose Antibiotics for Reducing Surgical Site Infection in Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a less commonly encountered condition in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC). Whether prophylactic use of antibiotics in elective LC can reduce the incidence of SSI remains inconclusive. Prophylactic multiple dose antibiotic therapy after surgery is a common practice in our country to combat SSI. The study aimed to compare the incidence of SSIs after elective LC with single dose antibiotic and conventional multi doses prophylaxis antibiotic regimen. Materials and methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted during the period September 2019 to August 2020. A total of 100 patients who were admitted for elective LC in the Department of Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups based on antibiotic prophylaxis: Single Dose Group (SDG) and Multiple Dose Group (MDG). SD group was given Cefuroxime axetil (750 mg) intravenously at the time of induction of anaesthesia and MD group was given Cefuroxime axetil (750 mg) intravenously at the time of induction of anaesthesia, followed by Cefuroxime (500 mg) orally twice daily for 7 days. Patients were followed up till 30th post-operative day to assess postoperative outcome in terms of SSI and other complications. Results: Both the groups were similar in terms of their demographic characteristics. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 1.44±0.57 and 1.5±0.61 days in SDG and MDG, respectively. Grade I (Normal healing with mild bruising or erythema according to Southampton Wound Grading System) was found 3(6.0%) and 5(10.0%) in SDG and MDG, respectively (p=0.461). Conclusion: As there is no statistical difference between use of single dose antibiotic before and use routine multi doses antibiotic before and after elective LC, it could be concluded that preoperative single dose antibiotic is comparable to conventional multi doses prophylaxis antibiotic regimen in elective LC. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.23 (1); January 2024; Page 34-37

The Protective Effect of Nimodipine in Schwann Cells Is Related to the Upregulation of LMO4 and SERCA3 Accompanied by the Fine-Tuning of Intracellular Calcium Levels.

Nimodipine is the current gold standard in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage, as it is the only known calcium channel blocker that has been proven to improve neurological outcomes. In addition, nimodipine exhibits neuroprotective properties in vitro under various stress conditions. Furthermore, clinical studies have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of nimodipine after vestibular schwannoma surgery. However, the molecular mode of action of nimodipine pre-treatment has not been well investigated. In the present study, using real-time cell death assays, we demonstrated that nimodipine not only reduces cell death induced by osmotic and oxidative stress but also protects cells directly at the time of stress induction in Schwann cells. Nimodipine counteracts stress-induced calcium overload and the overexpression of the Cav1.2 calcium channel. In addition, we found nimodipine-dependent upregulation of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (SERCA3) and LIM domain only 4 (LMO4) protein. Analysis of anti-apoptotic cell signaling showed an inhibition of the pro-apoptotic protein glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). Nimodipine-treated Schwann cells exhibited higher levels of phosphorylated GSK3β at serine residue 9 during osmotic and oxidative stress. In conclusion, nimodipine prevents cell death by protecting cells from calcium overload by fine-tuning intracellular calcium signaling and gene expression.

Templating effect of monoglycerides in controlling the spatial distribution of solid fat crystals within double emulsions.

The spatial distribution of fat crystals significantly impacts the stability and digestion properties of emulsions. This study investigated the templating effect of monoglycerides in controlling the spatial distribution of solid fat crystallization within double emulsions. Double emulsions were formulated with glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl monolaurate (GML), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), beeswax (BW), glyceryl distearate (GDS), and glyceryl tristearate (GTS) in the oil phase. Monoglycerides influenced the spatial distribution pattern of BW crystals, while minimally affecting GDS and GTS. Cooling at 4°C increased interfacial crystallization without altering distribution patterns. Monoglycerides raised the onset and peak crystallization temperatures and enthalpy in BW emulsions, with GMS showing the most significant effects. Adding GMS slowed nucleation rates and extended induction times, promoting interface crystallization. The templating effect also reduced crystal lamellar thickness, facilitating the transition from β-crystalline to β' crystalline in BW. These findings provide insights into selecting crystallizing emulsifiers and enhancing double emulsion stability.

Characterization and Analysis of 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone Derivatives and Sesquiterpenoids from Agarwood of Four "Qi-Nan" Clones (Aquilaria sinensis) with Different Induction Times.

In recent years, some new "Qi-Nan" clones of Aquilaria sinensis with the characteristics of easy induction and high-quality agarwood have been obtained, through the cultivation and propagation of grafted seedlings. These clones are used for the intensive production of high-quality agarwood. The speed of resin formation and yield are crucial for the development of the agarwood industry. The differences in yield and chemical composition among different Qi-Nan clones and induction times are worth investigating. While the chemical composition differences between Qi-Nan and ordinary A. sinensis have been extensively studied, the effects of induction time coupled with different Qi-Nan clones on the chemical composition of Qi-Nan agarwood remain insufficiently explored. This study compared the changes in the chemical composition of four "Qi-Nan" clones of A. sinensis after 6, 12, and 24 months of induction through GC-QTOF-MS, the chemical composition and structure types of the four "Qi-Nan" clones were mainly 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives (PECs) and Sesquiterpenoids (SESs), with the prolongation of induction time, the content of SESs increased, while the content of PECs decreased. Both the differences among clones and the induction time of "Qi-Nan" agarwood influence its chemical composition, which in turn affects the quality of the agarwood. Among these factors, induction time has a greater impact on the production of PECs in agarwood. The prolongation of induction significantly enhanced the yield of "Qi-Nan" agarwood and exhibited an inducing effect on the production of 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone and 2-(2-4 phenylethyl)chromone. Compared with the agarwood obtained after 6 and 12 months of induction, the agarwood of "Qi-Nan" after 24 months of induction exhibited superior quality. The induction time for high-quality agarwood from the XGY clone was shorter (12 months) compared to the RH, YYZ, and AS clones (24 months). The study underscores that optimizing induction time and selecting suitable "Qi-Nan" clones can significantly enhance agarwood yield, quality, and production efficiency.

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene as a Model for Ovarian Cancer Induction in Rats.

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers. Animal models using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) have been developed to investigate the mechanisms of ovarian carcinogenesis. The present study is a systematic review of efforts to establish DMBA as a model for ovarian cancer induction in rat models. A total of 432 studies were retrieved from the Medline/PubMed and Embase databases. The studies using DMBA to induce ovarian cancer with isolated results were included in our analysis, and their data were meta-analyzed. The ROBINS-I tool and a meta-analysis demonstrated a low risk of bias (less than 1%) for increased effectiveness and no bias for mortality. The results were all similar: regardless of the dose, administration route, animal strain, or induction time, the induction rate of ovarian tumors was always high, reinforcing the role of DMBA as an effective inducer of ovarian carcinogenesis. We conclude that ovarian carcinogenesis can be studied using DMBA as an inducer in rat and mouse models with a long time range for tumor establishment (at least 110 days) and a high rate of mortality. CNPq (No. 304264/2021-0) and FAPESP (Protocol No. 2018/24224-9).

Development of a method for measuring the oxidation induction period of stabilized high-pressure polyethylene

Choice of boundary conditions and optimal parameters for measuring of oxidation induction time of cable polyethylene grade 153-01K with amine and phenolic type antioxidants was implemented in this work. OIT dependences on holding temperature in the ranges of 180–200°С in oxygen environment and 200–220°С in the air were calculated. For selected experimental conditions (air oxidizing environment, the sample thickness of 650±100 microns and the holding temperature of 210°С) the statistical estimation of accuracy was evaluated. Relative standard deviation of developed technique was shown not to exceed 7%.

The effect of intrapartum labor induction with oxytocin on maternal depression scoring in early postpartum period: a retrospective cohort study

Aims: Studies showing that synthetic oxytocin (SO) used for induction during labor increases the risk of postpartum maternal depression are increasing day by day in literature. Objective was to investigate the effect of SO administered for induction during labor on the tendency to maternal depression in early postpartum period. Methods: The study encompassed nulliparous women, all of whom delivered at gestational weeks 37 to 41 between 2020 and 2022 and underwent standard postpartum assessments on the 10th day following delivery. Exclusion criteria comprised pregnant individuals with predisposing factors for depression before conception, during gestation, or in the postpartum period. Pregnants who were admitted to delivery room due to labor and gave birth without any induction method were classified as group C (n=137), and who were induced with SO were classified as group O (n=122). Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores on 0th day and 10th day postpartum of two groups were compared. Additionally, relationship between duration of induction and EPDS scores was analyzed. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected between two groups in terms of age, gestational week, or educational status (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected between the groups in EPDS scores on 0th or 10th day postpartum (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between induction time and EPDS scores on 0th or 10th day postpartum (p>0.05). Conclusion: SO used for labor induction may not primary affect the tendency to postpartum depression in the early period. Further studies in populations without risk factors for depression are needed.

Understanding the Kinetics of CO2 Hydrate Formation in Dry Water for Carbon Capture and Storage: X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Raman Studies.

Hydrate-based carbon capture and storage (HBCS) is a sustainable and promising approach to combating global warming by utilizing water, which is a ubiquitous resource. Here, we report a comprehensive study of CO2 hydrate formation in dry water (DW), a water-in-air dispersion confined in silica particles, for improving the kinetics of hydrate growth. Utilizing a combination of a home-built high-pressure reactor, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), we elucidate the crystal structure, growth dynamics, and morphology of CO2 hydrates formed in DW, with and without the kinetic hydrate promoter, l-tryptophan. Our analysis reveals that CO2 forms structure I (sI) hydrate in DW, with hydrate growth occurring both on and beneath the silica shell. This results in a substantial increase in CO2 uptake─approximately 2.8 times higher than that observed in pure water (∼134 v/v compared to ∼48 v/v). Moreover, incorporation of l-tryptophan in DW formation markedly accelerates the DW-CO2 hydrate formation process, reducing both the induction time and the time required to achieve 90% gas uptake at 274.65 K. These findings offer crucial insights into the formation of CO2 hydrate in DW, highlighting its potential to improve the efficiency and scalability of HBCS technologies.